Piranha
Do you know how to make their bellied more in red colour?
Also, How can I keep them healthy and in good condition?
Thank you
<A few things will help here... frequent, partial water changes... keeping the water slightly acidic and as soft as you can... and feeding your piranha with foods rich in carotenoids... like shrimp and krill... Bob Fenner, who is visiting in Cabo San Lucas, but needs to get back and finish writing the Serrasalminae piece on www.WetWebMedia.com...>

Re: Red (-Bellied) Piranha
Does minnow bring the red belly out more?
(As a food? Not really... I would avoid feeding freshwater fishes alive... too much chance for parasite problems... Please read over the 'Feeding Feeders' section on the Marine Index (I know, Piranha's are fresh)... on the site www.WetWebMedia.com
Bob Fenner)

Piranha
Hi guys, thanks for any help you can give me!
<You're welcome>
I have just bought 4 juvenile Piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri ) and housed them all in my 75 (US) gallon tank. They are very young and are only around my fingernail in size, apart from one. He is at least twice the size of the rest and far more active and a stronger swimmer. I am a bit lost on how to feed them; the local fish stores keeper said they would eat flakes for now.
<What? No... or at least not substantially... try feeding a lion or a tiger naught but "Cornflakes"... if you get my drift. These fish need animal protein, and likely live at first... like NOW... as they will definitely bite, even eat each other...>
With the fish being so tiny and the tank a fair size it seems impossible to feed them without making serious mess and waste. Will they feed from the bottom?
<Yes... if the food is live, moving... you might try a trick with a glass (so you can see what's going on) and black worms, Tubificid worms... Or juvenile livebearers (baby guppies, platies...)... occasionally live brine shrimp, daphnia, glass "worms"...>
Some form of tablet that can easily be removed if not touched? Flakes get everywhere and I think the sand substrate will be far harder to clean than the usual gravel in my community tanks. I only really wanted 3 in the tank with it being a little small for the intended fish but I thought there maybe a risk of one dying through cannibalism!
<You are wise here>
I have a spare 10 gallon tank that is not in use; do you think I should house the biggest Nat in that till the others catch up in size?
<A good plan... in fact, it might be advisable to place all them in this smaller volume to facilitate feeding them, making sure they're all eating... for a few months>
Or will this lead to other problems when re-introduced with his equal size tank mates. He is a loner compared to
the others, they tend to shoal together nearer the bottom. He tends to swim around on his own nearer the top, it is 2 ft deep. I suppose the current is a little strong for them too. A powerhead (AquaClear 30) is in there but not switched on because the Eheim 2026 Pro II current seems a bit strong for them anyway.
Cheers, Ian
<This is not too strong a current... and a good way to make sure they are getting exercise, oxygen, and loose material is being stirred up for filtration removal. Do look on the Net under the words "Piranha, feeding, aquarium". Bob Fenner>

Re: Piranha
I am feeding them frozen cubes of Brine Shrimp and Bloodworm, I mean they are eating flakes too. The Lions and the cornflakes made me laugh, a good comparison! Do you think I should give them live foods then?
<As long as they appear "full" and are not picking (bites missing out of fins...) all should be fine>
I didn't really want to feed them live fish, I hate killing things! But bloodworms and Brine Shrimp I would. Are they too small for cut up fish fillets?
<Not if they can be slowly trained onto same... try mixing in bits with the foods they are presently consuming...>
I didn't really understand the glass trick bit?
Surely If I put them all in a 10 gallon tank I am almost certainly going to lose a few to cannibalistic tendencies?
<I would skip on moving them if they're all eating what you're offering. There is indeed more chance of cannibalism if they are more crowded>
The larger one does tend to chase the smaller ones around. I was thinking about putting a shoal of Neon Tetra in there because I would like some of these in my community tank. They could grow out a bit in the larger tank. Would the Piranha,
if they must, be more likely eat the Neons than each other.
<Yes>
I don't really want to see any fish die but I would rather it be a little Neon than one of my Nats.
Thanks once again for being most helpful, Ian
<Glad to share with you Ian. Bob Fenner>

Piranha Question
Hi, my name is Jeff.  I have had a red belly piranha for 3 1/2 years in a 29 gallon tank.  I am guessing it is  about 6 or 7 inches long.  
<Mmm, needs larger quarters>
For some reason, I have not been able to get it  to eat in about 3 WEEKS.  When I have had problems with it not eating in  the past, it would usually have visible symptoms of some type of illness, such  as swimming towards the top of the tank,
heavy breathing, cloudy eyes, or other  types of uncharacteristic behavior.
<Most likely all directly or indirectly to being in too small a volume>
This time, however, it seems totally  healthy, besides the fact that it will not eat.  It still seems to have as  much energy as it normally did and does not appear sick or  malnutritioned.  It has been on a diet of a variety of foods, such as  Formula 1, frozen clams, beef heart, and a few other different frozen foods to  incorporate a variety in its diet.
<Ah, good>
  I have tried each one of these foods at  least once in the past few weeks and only one time did the piranha take a few  bites of the Formula 1.  Normally at feeding time, as soon as I open the  hood of the tank, the piranha darts around because it knows that it's feeding  time.  Now, it shows absolutely no interest in the food and the food will  just sit for a few minutes until I remove it.
    I did a 10 gallon water change on Saturday, January  8.  I made sure the water that I was putting into the tank was the same  temperature as the water already in the tank (74 deg. far.), and that it was  dechlorinated.
<Mmm, though Piranha do go through lack of feeding bouts, I would definitely raise the temperature here... to the low eighties F. over a period of a few days>
It was the same bucket I normally use for cleaning my  tank and it was kept away from anything that could have gotten into  it.
<Good>
I also changed both filters in my tank including the biological  one.
<Mmm, I would NOT change all filtration at any given time... too likely to interrupt biological cycling>
On Thursday, January 13, I tested my water.
The pH level was  about 7.0, and there were no traces of ammonia.  The nitrite level was  somewhat high at almost .50.
<You no doubt are aware that the nitrite you want to be non-detectable... i.e. 0.0 ppm>
  The nitrate level was at about 40.
On  Sunday, January 16, I did a 5 gallon water change, using the same procedures  mentioned above.
    So my question remains. . .what do I do now?   Should I use medicine?
<Raise temperature>
Is the piranha too big for the 29 gallon  tank?
<Yes>
Is the piranha's time about to be up?
<Doubtful... have been known to live for decades>
If you could help  me with this problem I would greatly appreciate it.
Thank you in advance,  
Jeff
<Try raising the temperature, continue to offer food as you have been doing so well... and do look into a larger tank, some added filtration, circulation for your Piranha. Bob Fenner>

Re: Piranha Question
Mr. Fenner,
<Jeff>
First off, I would like to thank you for your response to my questions concerning my piranha. As you suggested, I gradually raised the temperature to about 83/84 degrees far. I have continued to try feeding the piranha different foods (except live food) and it STILL will not eat! 
<Mmm>
Unfortunately, I am not able to look into a larger tank for it at this time, for I do not have the space nor the money to do so. I can only hope the tank size is not the difference between life and death for it now.
<Me too>
As far as added filtration, I already have a Whisper filter and a Penguin Bio-Wheel filter in the tank. What else would I get and will it even fit in my 29 gallon tank?
<Perhaps another hang-on power filter or a canister type>
I have not tried adding circulation either. What do you suggest?
<A powerhead or two... in the upper back corners...>
I have also tested the water again and it actually looks even better than before, with much lower nitrite levels.
<Should be zero... this DOES negatively affect your fish's health, appetite>
As far as the piranha's behavior, it usually just stays in one spot for the most part. However, it has been showing some peculiar behavior where it freaks out and darts across the tank, banging the heater, filters, and gravel. 
<Quite common for solitary piranha species in small tanks... they're much more calm in a group, in large systems>
Physically though, it still looks healthy, with the exception of some wounds from banging into the different objects I mentioned.
So, what do you recommend I do now? Should I try some sort of medication?  I'm beginning to get worried.  Thank you in advance, Jeff Harris
<Wait... your fish will NOT starve... for the nitrite to go to zero... then offer an assortment of meaty foods... a bit at a time. Bob Fenner>

Feeding Piranhas
Do you know of any ways to get my piranhas to eat anything but feeders that would be great.  I've tried mixing live with salmon chunks, krill they eat sometimes, but usually they refuse and then the fin nipping and body wounds begin.  Starving is out of the question as one has just recovered from an eye injury caused buy the other during my attempt to starve them so they would eat something else.  They are about 4 and 4.5-5 inches long right now and GROWING!  Thanks! <Is perhaps the major drawback of piranhas... think your plan to quarantine feeders may be your best bet, that and continue trying to mix in other foods from time to time.
Cheers, J -- >

Red Belly Piranha 7/11/05
I have 2 red bellies in my tank at home aside from feeder fish I want to offer them some fruit alternatives. What type of fruits or greens do you suggest? They have lived off of feeders and lean lunch meat for 6 years but I would like other alternatives...
Thanks!
Chris M
<Other lean, meaty foods... like earthworms, mealworms, crickets, fish fillets... I doubt that they'll accept plant material, but you could try blanched/microwaved bits of squash... Bob Fenner>

Starting my tank   12/19/06
Hello,
<<Hello, Tara. Tom here.>>
We have just bought the jewel tank containing 190 litres and are setting it up to contain red belly piranhas. We originally wanted 3 but after reading your site discovered that its only really big enough for 2 at a push.
<<Given an adult size of approximately 12 inches (30.5 cm), two of these fish would, indeed, be pushing the limit of a 190-liter (50-gallon) tank, Tara. Adequate cover and low lighting should be provided to keep “skittishness” to a minimum.>>
We also would like to know if it is essential to test the water pH before putting in the fish.
<<Do yourselves this favor, Tara. Visit the pet shop and find out what the pH is of the water that your future pets are currently being kept in. Piranhas come from waters that are soft and acidic in their natural habitat with the pH below neutral (7.0). This really isn’t as critical as trying to avoid introducing them to a tank that’s far off from what they’ve been acclimated to, however. Stability is the key factor here.>>
The tank has been set up for nearly 2 weeks now at the right temp and I don't want to be ignorant by hurting the fish by just putting them in without it being perfect.
<<pH is not going to be your only concern here. In fact, ammonia and nitrite levels are going to be far more of a concern right now than pH will be. Unless you’ve taken some extraordinary measures to speed up the “cycling” of the tank, I doubt that your tank is more than one-third to one-half through the cycling process after only two weeks. Test for ammonia and nitrite (both should be zero) and check your nitrate levels as well. Nitrates, by way of explanation, are the “end product” of the nitrifying process. If ammonia and nitrites are zero but nitrates are also zero, your tank isn’t ready for live fish. Your pet shop can test a sample for you if you don’t have a test kit already. Personally, I highly recommend that you get one so that you can do your own testing. Shops have a tendency to tell folks that levels are “safe” without being specific about what this really means. Better in the long run for you to know “exactly” what your readings are. More convenient, too.>>
Also, what would be your best recommendation to start feeding them as they are only about the size of a 2p when we get them.
<<Thawed mussels, prawns, shrimp and fish will be appreciated but there are processed foods, in the form of pellets, for carnivorous fish like Piranhas that they may also take to in order to vary their diet. You might find that early on they’ll also accept flake food. (By the way, ‘2p’, for the benefit of our American readers who don’t have one readily available, is about the size of a Susan B. Anthony dollar, which is nearly exactly the size of an American quarter. That one might have worked better if George Washington and Ms. Anthony hadn’t look so much alike. :) )>>
(Although, my husband really wants to feed them live food on occasion. I suppose it’s a bloke thing).
<<Advise your husband to keep this to a minimum, Tara. Feeder fish have little nutritional value and can be a source of disease. You and I know he’s going to do it anyway but, it’s not without risk to your pets.>>
Thanks for your help
Tara
<<Consider giving your tank another fortnight (I don’t get a chance to use that term very often) to cycle completely and really consider the test kit I mentioned. Uneaten food, if there is any with Piranhas, will need to be removed to prevent your water conditions from becoming toxic. Good idea to stay on top of this as best you can. Good luck with your new additions, Tara. Cheers. Tom>>