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Kohaku are white bodied koi with red markings (sometimes more orange
than red)... Ideally the white of the body is like fine porcelain in color, with
the red well-demarcated (not "bleeding"). Red is undesirable on the fins, and
unless specified in a particular sub-variety, not below the eyes or on the
mouth.
Several "sub-varieties", designator terms are utilized with Kohaku type koi:
By Hi: "He", Red Patterns on the Body:
| Straight Hi: Pattern like meandering islands of red
that are interconnected. |
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| Inazuma: Interconnected red pattern looking "Like a
Lightning Bolt". |
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| Nidan (Ni is two in Japanese): Two Step pattern. Two
islands of red color that are not interconnected. |
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| Sandan (San is three in Japanese): Three Step
pattern. Three islands of red color that are not interconnected. |

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| Yondan (Yon is four in Japanese): Four Step pattern.
Four islands of red color that are not interconnected. |

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By Red Markings on the Head:
| Kuchibeni: "Lipstick"; with red on the oral lobes. |
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| Menkaburi: With "A Hood on the head". Going behind,
below the eyes often to the mouth. |
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| Maruten: With a "Crown on the head". A reddish mark,
though with more red on the body. |
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| Tancho: With a "Red Sun" marking on head, and lacking
other red on the body. Best if the "spot" is bright red, w/o bleeding color,
and circular, centered on the head. |

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