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Related FAQs:
Koi Varieties, Koi Selection,
Related Articles:
Kohaku,
Taisho
Sanke,
Showa Sanke,
Tancho Koi,
Bekko Koi,
Utsurimono Koi,
Koromo Koi, Kin/Gin Rin
Koi, Asagi/Shusui Koi,
Kawarimono Koi,
Hikarimuji Koi,
Hikari Utsuri Koi,
Hikarimoyo Koi, Doitsu Koi,
Butterfly Koi
Back to the Overview on
Pond Livestocking,
/Aquatic Gardens,
Design, Construction & Maintenance
Koi Varieties
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FennerRobert@hotmail.com
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What do you call these?
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There are many "carps" in freshwaters around the world,
wild and ornamental, natural and purposely and not human-introduced. The wild
brown/green European Carp, Cyprinus carpio, a sometimes food and game fish in
the United States is the same species as the adored Nishikigoi, Koi, Brocaded or
Ornamental Carp... in all of its many varieties.
As far back as 470 B.C., carp were cultured for food as
well as for color, but it's not until the Tsin Dynasty (265-316 A.D.) that
writings list the types available then. Five colors are detailed, red, black,
yellow, blue, white from this time. Much later, the Japanese included Nishikigoi
in their ponds. The majority of modern varieties were developed under their
care, starting in the late 18th century.
There are a few "accepted" schemes for labeling ornamental
carp, nishikigoi, koi (by body color, three/four types of scale patterns)... and
all are acceptable (to me) as long as they're descriptive, consistent and agreed
upon by immediate/concerned parties. Different parts of the world, different
hobby groups/clubs of clubs utilize varying schemes here, so don't let what is
presented here throw you.... there are literally hundreds of descriptive
varieties.
In terms of "knowing" koi well enough for
identification, you might consider learning their names by an historical
approach (which types came first, later... who was involved in their
development, which line lead to each...), a cladistic descriptive classification
(all shiny, not so...), or rote memorization ("I have an Ohgon, it's that shiny
sun-colored fish over there")... To each their own.
Do remember that all koi are the same
species, in fact, identical with the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, and
like domestic dogs, Canis familiarus, can/do interbreed freely... Hence,
you may find some "odd varieties" of koi at times.
| Kohaku are white
bodied koi with red markings (sometimes more orange than red) |
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| Taisho Sanke, aka
Taisho Sanshoku, White koi with principally red (Hi), and lesser black
(Sumi) markings. |
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| Showa Sanke, aka
Showa Sanshoku, Black bodied koi principally red (Hi), and white
markings. Similar to Taisho Sanke, but with more black markings, including
on the head and margins of the pectoral and tail fins. |
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| Tancho: With a "Red
Sun" marking on head, and lacking other red on the body. Best if the "spot"
is bright red, w/o bleeding color, and circular, centered on the head. |
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| Bekko
("Beck-Oh"): Solid body colored koi with black markings. Utsuri are
often similar in appearance, but are black koi with single complementary
color varieties. I like to think of Bekko as "Turtle" with markings on their
backs only... unlike the Utsurimono whose dark body bands extend
under/around the belly. |
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| Utsurimono: Black
bodied koi with one color markings. |
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| Koromo: Similar to
Kohaku, but with accents of blue, black, purple mixed in with some to much
of the red, due to cross-breeding with Asagi. |
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| Gin/Kin Rin
scaling
Gin Rin: Refers to pearl-silver reflective scales
Kin Rin: Refers to pearl-gold reflective scales. A rare variety.
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| Asagi/Shusui
Asagi: ("Sky Color"). Blue gray bodied koi, sometimes with red
that comes up to the midway up on the head and body.
Shusui: Basically a doitsu scale Asagi. Large scales may be just
along the midline of the back on the sides, or both. |
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| Kawarimono: This
is the "left-overs" category of koi classification. These are non-metallic
colored koi that just don't fit into the other varieties (with the exception
of Goshiki). In most cases, for lack of many entries, this "generic"
grouping of Kawarimono typically compete against each other in shows. |
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| Hikari Utsuri:
Includes all metallic Showa (and in some schemes, Utsuri) varieties. |
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| Hikarimoyo: These
are metallic koi of two or more colors other than Hikari Utsuri. |
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| Doitsu: Mirrored
scaled koi... with enlarged rows of scales along the midline of the back
and/or the sides of the fish. The derivation of this name is from the
Japanese/Nijongo for "Deutsch", for German scaled carp... initially bred for
ease in scaling/preparing the fish for human consumption. Varieties are
Kohaku, Sanke and Showa. |
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| Butterfly Koi: A
long finned making of all the other varieties of koi. The name "Butterfly"
is appended to the front of the Japanese designation. |
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Or, if you'd like, and to reinforce the diversity of these sports and their
classification, we can/will discuss them by the number of colors they bear:
Or perhaps a dichotomous key is more to your liking:
Bibliography/Further Reading:
http://www.koi.com/encyclopedia/
(Pan Intercorp's excellent classification)
Fujita, Grant. 1992. The new way of selecting koi. Koi USA 11,12/92.
Hansen, Galen. 1992. Goromo. Koi USA 11/12, 92
Kuroki, Takeo. 1993. Classification of Nishikigoi. pt.s 1-0 TFH 3/93 on
Tave, Douglas. 1989. Inheritance of scale pattern in koi. TFH 5/83.
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