New Tank…Pump Size/Plumbing Options – 01/02/08
Good Evening,
<<Afternoon now>>
I am working on setting up a new tank and would appreciate your thoughts on the appropriate size/type of pumps.
<<Hmm, will depend largely on their specified purpose, plumbing design/restrictions, etc.>>
I have an 80gl tank with a 1" overflow and 3/4" return.
<<This alone restricts your return pump to no more than 300 gph after head-loss>>
I intend to use a 22gl sump and a separate refugium.
<<Excellent>>
I expect that the refugium would be fed from the final compartment of the sump and that it would also return water (gravity) back to the same compartment.
<<My preference is to feed raw water to a refugium directly from the display, but what you describe is also a possibility>>
I will also have a separate closed-loop system to generate additional flow in the tank.
<<Ahh…very good>>
My questions:
1) Can/should I use one pump to feed water to both the tank and the refugium (using a T)?
<<This can be done, yes. Do be sure to plumb a gate-valve on the output side of the pump “after” the ‘Tee’ to allow for adjustment of water flow to the display. With a properly sized pump it wouldn’t be a “necessity” to plumb a valve on the line going to the refugium, but the added flexibility/ability to adjust flow makes it worthwhile in my mind>>
a) If yes, what gph rating should I consider? I had one person suggest I use at least a 1,200gph pump.
<<Not even close… As already stated, the 1” drain/overflow limits the return to the tank to 300 gph or less. To supply the tank and refugium as discussed, a pump with a rated flow of 500-600 gph “after” figuring head-loss should do it (don’t forget/neglect to plumb-in those valves!)>>
b) If not, what gph ratings should I consider for the resulting 2 pumps?
<<As stated for the display… A couple to a few hundred gph for the refugium>>
2) Should I use in-sump or external pumps?
<<Considering size/needed flow rate…I would use a submerged pump>>
Why?
<<Ease of installation, quiet operation>>
3) Should I pump the refugium directly up to the tank?
<<I wouldn’t… Best to situate and drill (1.5” bulkhead…minimum) the refugium to allow it to “gravity drain” back in to the pump chamber of the sump. Using multiple feed and return pumps, and trying to balance flow between all, just doesn’t work out…you “will” have problems>>
a) What size pump would this require?
<<Not recommended>>
3) What pumps would you recommend that are also quiet?
<<Eheim pumps are exceptional performers, though Mag-Drive will also serve well here. Or if not too large for the space, Ocean Runner is a good choice>>
I am setting this tank up in the family room and want to minimize noise.
<<Indeed…and all the more reason to use submersible pumps here>>
4) I am considering installing soundproofing material inside the tank.
<<…?>>
Have you heard of anyone doing this?
<<Not inside the “tank”… But is plausible to soundproof the “tank stand/cabinet” to some extent>>
What concerns would you have doing this?
<<I would not do this in the tank….period>>
Thanks
<<Happy to share. EricR>>

Re: New Tank…Pump Size/Plumbing Options – 01/03/08
Eric,
<<Jason>>
Thank you for your detailed response.
<<Quite welcome>>
It was very helpful.
<<Ah…good to know>>
In reference to item 4 below, I did mean to write that I was considering lining the tank stand with some sort of sound proofing.
<<Oh!…very good then>>
In car electronics, you can line the sheet metal behind the interior with matting called Dynamat that helps reduce vibrations and blocks the sound from going external.
<<Mmm, yes…have seen this used in aftermarket speaker installations>>
Was just wondering if something like this has been done in a fish tank and if so what kind of material would be used.
Thanks, Jason.
<<I’ve never seen it done, though I have heard discussions re. An acoustical tile or even foam-board insulation might do the trick…though you may find it’s more effective to simply locate any offending pieces of gear and isolate/dampen vibration at the source (as in placing a piece of “mousepad” under a vibrating pump). But do feel free to give “sound-proofing the stand” a go, and let me/us know how it works out. Regards, Eric Russell>>

Re: Lighting and pump selection questions 12/3/07
Okay. Thanks for the help and insight.
<You are welcome.>
Regarding pumps, if you throttle down (via a gate valve would be my method) the return off an external mag drive pump, will you cause it any damage (including early failure). I know that I may end up using set up for reef system in a few years, so a part of me says buy the nice Iwaki with 1200 or so gph at 4' head, and just turn it down for a few years.
<Good plan. Pumps tend to be counterintuitive. Throttling the pump back will make it work less and use less energy. No problem here. Have fun, Scott V.>
Thanks again.
Paul

Return Pump / Plumbing 11/5/07
Good Afternoon WWM Crew,
<Hello, Scott V. with you today.>
I am in the design phase of a home aquarium that will have a remote sump location. The total developed length of the plumbing lines from the main tank to the sump will be approximately 25' with 17' of head pressure. Can you make any suggestions on return pumps or reading material? Thank you for your time and response.
Best regards,
Robert Rovegno
<You should look into Reeflopumps.com . They have many different pumps with different flow capabilities. The site has charts with flow vs. head pressure for each pump, just depends on the amount of flow you are looking for. Scott V.>
Re: Return Pump / Plumbing 11/6/07
Hello Scott,
Thank you for your quick response and guidance.
Best regards,
Robert
<You are welcome, it sounds like a nice project. Have fun, Scott V.>

SW pump sel., appl.   07/28/07
Thank you again for your time today. It was, as I said, a pleasure to speak with someone who is articulate and knowledgeable.
<A great pleasure to meet you as well Jonathan.>
 > Here is the original e-mail of which we spoke and I'll give you a  call early in the week to set a day and time.
<Ah!>
> Jonathan>
I'm not a fishead but my wife is and we're setting up her second 250 gallon tank today. We have now two, large, saltwater reef tanks in the home and she is very good at her hobby with little if any restrictions on her financially or area-wise. But, we have two different ways of thinking of things. I'm a numbers guy and she's not. In setting up the new aquarium, I asked her how she chose her pump, in this case a Dolphin 3000. She said it was appropriate for the tank size but this doesn't work for me and I would imagine a lot of other people whose better halves are FishHeads. Question 1: How do  you know how large a pump is sufficient.
<Mmm... well... there are a few ways to go about this "decision"... but, as we chatted on the phone, you're well aware of just how turbulent reef environments can be...>
If your pump pushes 2700 gallons of water up a 1.5" column 3' in height every hour, it equates to a certain volume of water in and a certain amount of water out. Maintaining> this equilibrium is effected via gate valve but it would seem to me> that if you're reducing the amount of water pressure created by the pump and thus the volume that enters the tank to match that which> exits, it would be more cost-effective to reduce the pump size and> thus the power needed to run it electrically rather than  mechanically.
<Strictly speaking you're absolutely correct. In a practical sense though... what she proposes... Using a well-designed and engineered pump, and throttling it down a bit possibly... is about the best one can do>
That would equate to a lower cost of operation. So, with that said, my second question is that with 2700 gallons of water moving through the system each hour, we're filtering the complete tank contents just over 10X an hour or more than 240 times a day. I understand it depends on the filtration system employed (in this instance, she has a complete live rock setup in- tank, a 100-gallon sump w/ live rock, CO2 unit, UV and virtually every other system which explains why our home is host to so many fish tours a month), but just how many water changes are required for a healthy reef tank. Any help you can provide is well-appreciated. Jonathan Ames
<When all energy inputs re considered, buying/using a well-made product like Dolphin's pumps saves a great deal more power (yes, even if slightly oversized) than opting for a possibly smaller, though less energy-efficient centrifugal. I think you're both doing fine here. Cheers, Bob Fenner>>

A Note Of Thanks 10/9/07
Wet Web Crew,
<Hello Rip>
I would like to thank you for keeping me in the hobby and saving me money!
<You're welcome.>
I started 8 years ago with a 90 gal FOWLR and now have 1500 net gallons flowing thru my home. I was so close to giving up that I tried to sell my original 90 gal tank. It was then that I decided to be my own "expert" and bought every book I could and found WWM.
My biggest frustration was equipment failure. Pumps that leaked or impellers that disintegrated. Skimmers that did not skim or drove me crazy with constant adjustments. I upgraded from toy pumps to 3 commercial quality "energy miser" pumps. Too late did I learn on WWM that the seals failed on these pumps, so after replacing several seals, I always kept spare seals on hand.
While away on business, my girl friend called in panic to tell me the garage floor was flooded [sump in garage]. Of course, she could not find the leak to shut off the valve to isolate the pump and I lost many pets that I had for years.
The culprit was a failed seal. By using these efficient pumps I probably didn't save enough on my electric bill per month for a steak dinner, not to mention the cost of the replacement seals and aggravation and worry and sadness over the deaths of my pets.
Now the Iwaki pumps I had heard so many good things about on WWM seemed cheap and I bought 3. That was 6 years ago and not one failure!
I had replaced the junk skimmers with 2 large needle wheel types, each using 2 pumps each. They were in sump models and did a fantastic job, but the needle wheel pumps were a constant headache. They have been running for 6 years and I have a box of cannibalized pumps that I have parted out to keep them running. And the pumps and parts are expensive!
After another burnt out needle wheel pump, I have purchased an Aqua C EV 2000 to run in conjunction with my other dual needle wheel skimmer still functioning.
The jury is still out for me on the EV 2000, but I have peace of mind knowing the Iwaki 100 pump will run for years and no leaks.
I am willing to give up some skimming efficiency to have a productive skimmer without fragile critical parts and pumps that require periodic disassembly and cleaning.
My advice to fellow aquarists is to put your money in the best pumps up front and get the $100.00 dollar angelfish later.
<Very well said.>
By eliminating equipment failure, or giving up some skimming efficiency for long term dependability and ruggedness, you'll have less worries and headaches and will be able to devote your aquarium playtime to doing your water changes, which is more important to the health of your aquarium than the new whiz bang skimmer with 5 pumps.
Thanks WW Crew, I learned this from you!
<Thank you Rip, will post for others to see. James (Salty Dog)> Rip

Limiting Pump Noise…Large External or Tunze Stream? – 09/26/07
Hello Crew!
<<Howdy Don!>>
I am in the middle of setting up a new saltwater 210 AGA.
<<Sweet>>
I went out and bought a Via Aqua 8000 to use as the sump and buy another one for a closed-loop.
<<Mmm, have you heard these pumps run? I find this brand of pump to be very noisy>>
It's an o.k. pump but a little noisy.
<<Indeed>>
I might be expecting too much and pretty much have read all your articles on power heads and pumps.
<<Okay>>
Do I go and buy either a Dolphin 7500/6500 for a closed-loop (or tell me what
pump is awesome at being very quiet)
<<The Japanese-motored Iwaki’s, some of the Pan-World pumps, and those from Gorman-Rupp Industries are a few examples that will offer a good balance of quality and power vs. noise…but none are truly “silent”>>
or scrap the closed-loop and stick about 4 Tunze in the tank. I would love to run a closed-loop but much rather have a real quiet tank running.
<<Then go with the Tunze Stream Pumps, mate. If you can live with the look there’s absolutely no comparison re efficiency and flow volume, with virtually no “noise”>>
Thank you for your time.
Don V.
<<Happy to assist. Eric Russell>>

Lots of odd 180 gal Skimmer, Pump, and Sump Questions   8/26/07
Hello! As always, thank you for this incredible service you provide, it's the best help I've ever found.
<Ah, good>
I've acquired my 180gal tank and stand for my new reef (YAY!) and I've purchased a Coralife AquaLight Pro lighting system. I'm now beginning the process of purchasing sump/pump/skimmer equipment. I have a few questions though.
The tank will have these main residents, plus a couple more if I can find them. All these animals are in normal 55 gallon tank size-ranges, nothing is "huge"... yet:
Galaxea
Pagoda Cup
T. Crocea
T. Derasa
Finger Leather
Mushrooms
Zoanthids
3inch Yellow Tang
6-line Wrasse
Lawnmower Blenny
Diamond Watchman Goby
Scribbled Rabbitfish (2 if I can find them)
<Yikes... they'll all appreciate the new digs for sure>
*Skimmers: I'm essentially sold on a Euro-Reef RS-180 skimmer. While perusing the FAQ's on your site I've read questions on this skimmer with other 180gal setups to which you guys have used descriptors like "plenty" and "more than enough".
<Is a good unit, choice here>
1.) What is the most comparable Tunze model to the RS-180 and is there any reason to go that route instead?
<Mmm, not really IMO...>
2.) Are there any other brands/models out there that I should consider looking at in the same price range ($500 or less). Coralife maybe?
<Again... I would go with the Euro-Reef here>
3.) I'm "in" pretty good with the owners of one of my LFS's. They had a used Red Sea Berlin skimmer (no idea what model) that they were willing to sell me really cheap (doesn't seem to be broken, and I'd need to get a pump).
Does Red Sea even make a model worth looking at if I'm thinking in the range of the ER?
<Not in my estimation, no>
4.) Are ratings on skimmers to be trusted? Euro-Reef confused me by putting a "comparative rating" and a "realistic rating" on their skimmers. Should I compare the RS-180 to other skimmers based on the "up to 450gal" rating or the "135gal to 180gal" rating?
<Some of them... to be sure, yes... Folks "mileage will vary" and all depends on definitions of suitability, what is being measured...>
*Return Pumps: I have an in-sump Eheim 900gph pump (don't remember the model number) on my 55 that I was considering transferring to the new tank and adding another exactly like it (one for each of the two return lines).
<Good brand, choice>
1.) Would one Mag Drive 24 (2400gph) be a better route to take?
<Not IMO, no>
2.) Any other recommendations on brands/models?
<Mmm, posted... in a size, shape system as this 180, you're encouraged to look into internal pumps, possibly with controllers (Tunze, Hydor...) or better, a contained "closed loop" arrangement... Please read here: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/marsetupindex2.htm
the light blue tray>
3.) Are the "Pond Master" Mag drives the same thing (LFS says they are and I'm skeptical)?
<Mmm, quite... but... have seen where at least the screws holding the volute on were different... rusted>
4.) Is there any reason to use hard PVC as opposed to a strong tubing on either the drains or the returns?
<Some... as posted...>
Sorry for all the questions, but I don't have a Reef Club or anyone knowledgeable enough locally to ask these questions to so the questions build up... and then I turn to you guys.
Thanks again,
Eric
<I/we're very glad to assist you in your plans to design, build, stock, operate your system. Bob Fenner>

New Custom 120g...Wanting A “Quiet” 2400gph Turnover Rate! – 08/17/07
Wet web media crew,
<<Hello Matt>>
I have been reading nonstop for a couple days (there is a staggering amount of data on your website)
<<Indeed>>
and am trying to get the best configuration. I know I want the 48” wide tank; most likely 24” x 24” for the other two dimensions.
<<A standard 120-gallon tank then>>
The Lee Mar guys are the ones making the tank. The standard 48x24x24 has one 2” drilled drain then two 1 ½” return holes in the back center overflow.
<<Better than most...>>
I do not think this is adequate so I must have them customize the tank. (Any suggestions here would be great, I want to get it right the first time instead of regretting a choice and be stuck with it.)
<<Mmm, well...I need to know what your “goals” are with this system to be able to afford much help>>
I want to make sure that I have a big enough drain that it will be quiet and able to easily handle 2400gph, then add a second one as a backup and to supplement draining.
<<Ah, okay...then I would have “three more” of the 2” drains installed. This will give you about 4800gph “maximum” capacity. This is a bout half what some folks/most drain calculators will tell you...but is a more practical number/expectation in my opinion. Even though four 2” drains will make your goal of 2400gph quieter/easier to plumb, processing this much flow through a sump just below the display will be anything but “quiet”>>
I think both drains could be in same overflow box.
<<If you are considering a maximum of only two drains your goal of 2400gph of quiet flow “may” still be attainable, but will require much tweaking/tuning to achieve. Perhaps you should consider a closed-loop to boost the water flow within the display and utilize a much smaller “return” pump>>
If I have read correctly a 2” bulkhead would be the appropriate size (making the drill holes ~3”).
<<Not in my opinion...as stated earlier, I would plan on about 1200gph per 2” drain>>
Would there be any advantage to drilling the holes in the back glass (still in the overflow) instead, or in addition to, the bottom glass?
<<This is my preference...if only to limit the amount of water lost should a bulkhead fail>>
Are my dimensions correct for drain sizes?
<<Do consider my statements re>>
With drains this size, would a stand pipe, such as the infamous Durso standpipe still be required to decrease noise.
<<Likely, yes...and would need to be constructed of pipe of the same diameter as the drains to prevent loss of flow capacity>>
Not sure about the whole closed-loop system.
<<Is the “better” option here I think...or some Tunze Stream pumps>>
Given a big enough sump, any problem with that much flow through a sump?
<<I think you will be surprised at how much noise 2400gph of water volume dumping in to a sump can make. Even if the sump is large (100+ gallons), it will be a challenge to quiet the noise and control the turbulence/bubbles>>
Is there any disadvantage to having 3-4 extra holes (in each of the corners of the tank) in the bottom to have available for return flow and cap any not in use?
<<Of course (NOW is the time to drill these)...and I would not “cap” these but rather utilize them without increasing the flow rate to help reduce noise/plumbing issues. The more drains available...means fewer gph per drain...means fewer hassles all around>>
I would like to use as few powerheads as possible for adequate flow and still be able to keep SPS.
<<Can be done, though I find the Tunze Stream pumps to be very quiet, very efficient, very flexible in their application, and quite worth the “intrusion”>>
I appreciate your time and will be purchasing the tank in the next month. If you have any suggestions or ideas for this tank, please feel free to add any suggestions.
<<I suggest you chat with/seek other’s opinions re pumping this much water through your sump...research other options and base a decision on your own good judgment>>
Thank you,
Matt
<<Happy to assist. EricR>>

Poseidon PS3 external pumps  7/27/07
Hi there,
<Howdy>
Thank you so much for all your answers. I am thinking of the Poseidon Pumps PS3 and are they quiet? I am thinking of two Poseidon PS3 pumps with two ocean clear canister for 170 gallon tanks?
<Mmm, reported to be amongst the quietest: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&rls=com.microsoft%3Aen-US&q=Poseidon+Pumps+&btnG=Search>
Will it be better having two pumps and two canister? or having one Poseidon PS4 with one ocean clear canister?
<Most applications I'd go with two in a tank of this size...>
I am having live rocks without skimmer. Your help is much appreciated.
Thank you so much.
<I'd also use a skimmer in most set-ups... Try it... Bob Fenner>

Mag 24 Pump Noise 7/16/07
Hey guys, <And gals>
Quick question. The noise from my Mag 24 is driving us nuts at home. In you opinion which pump(s) in the market are the quietest? I heard that the Dolphin pump is very quiet.
<I'm guessing this pump is externally mounted, so...
Have you checked for debris/buildup of calcium in the impeller housing?
Is the pump sitting on rubber/foam to help minimize vibration?
The pump may be cavitating from lack of inlet flow, this would also create noise.
As far as which pumps are quieter, I would log on to our chat forum and post this question there. Here is
where you will get actual user responses. Go here my friend. http://wetwebfotos.com/talk/
James (Salty Dog)>

Pump head vs. distance. Figuring Straight Runs Of Pipe For Head-Loss – 06/19/07
Quick question.
<<Alrighty>>
I have been searching for this answer.
<<Hopefully I can provide some illumination>>
I know I have seen it places but can't come across it.
<<Likely so...let’s hear it...>>
When sizing a pump and taking in to account head and pressure, how many feet of head do you account for when going in a straight/level line? ex...Is 10-foot distance equal to 10-foot of head?
Thanks Bryan
<<A very good question Bryan, and one, yes, I’m sure has been asked and archived. But no worries mate, we’ll create another “Google-hit” right here. The answer is yes, you do need to take any “straight” runs of pipe in to account when figuring pressure/head-loss. A good rule-of-thumb is to add an “extra” foot of head-pressure for every ten-feet of “straight” pipe run. So to use your example... A 10-foot run of “horizontal” pipe would constitute 1-foot of head-loss...but a 10-foot run of “vertical” pipe would constitute 11-feet of head-loss...Understanzee? Always best to buy a pump BIGGER than you think you will need, and install a gate-valve on the output side to temper flow if necessary...in my humble opinion. Regards, Eric Russell>>

New AGA 75 Gallon RR Tank, pump... through-puts...   6/16/07
Greetings!
<Salutations!>
I am very new to salt water hobby. I have an AGA 75G RR tank & I am trying to pick out an external return pump.
<Okay... for?>
The return is rated for 600gph
<Uhh, no... is "rated" for this volume/flow rate per hour, but will only do about half this... Plus there's only one overflow... dangerous. I would NOT set this aquarium as it is currently drilled...>
& the head ht will be about 4 feet w/ future chiller. I am looking at the Iwaki pumps
<Good units>
but don't know which to get. WMD-30RLXT maybe to much & the WMD-20RLXT to little? Please help.
Thanks
Scott
<Please read here: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/pbholessizeplace.htm
and the linked files above...
and here: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/marsetupindex2.htm
scroll down to the light blue line... re Pumps... Selection.
Read on my friend... decisions to be made. Bob Fenner>

Pressure Rated Pump for DIY Skimmer  4/26/07
I am trying to find the right pump to use for a DIY skimmer that I built.
<Neat.>
The skimmer uses a ¾” Kent Marine venturi at the inlet, and puts too much back pressure on the Mag 9.5 I bought for it, to produce good flow through.
<A pressure rated pump is in order here.>
I am thinking that I should go with an external pump that is pressure rated,
<Bingo.>
and am thinking of going with the Gen-x PCX-40 or PCX-55 as they seem to be the most economical.
<In price yes, but not in noise or life...from my experience. I would prefer Iwaki..
My first question is, what exactly is the difference between the two pumps, as they are both “comparable to the Iwaki 55RLT”?
<One is rated for more pressure/head than the other I believe.>
My second question is, how noisy are these pumps?
<At least the sound of a normal conversation, IME.>
  I have read some reviews saying that they are quiet, and some that compare them to having a lawn mower in the room.
<I'd say in-between those two, Adam J.>

Custom Sea Life Pump 4/4/07
I purchased a used Custom SeaLife external pump but the characteristics (gph) are not on the pump.  The model number is 77340, part number is 65799, serial number is 5584845, max fluid temp is 140degrees F, HP is 1/15, RPM is 3450, Watt is 140, Amp is 1.3 (115V, 1P, 60 HZ).  Can you point me in the right direction or if you know please let me know for I am setting up my tank tonight and do not know if this pump will be satisfactory.  I have a 75 gallon, drilled with corner overflow.
<Rich, Custom Sea Life went out of business some time ago.  These pumps are now available as Poseidon and Blue Line.  Marine Depot carries the Poseidon and if you send them an email with the pumps specifications, I'm sure they can help you.  www.marinedepot.com  James (Salty Dog)>
Rich

Re:  Custom Sea Life Pump 4/5/07
I set up a new 75 gallon tank yesterday and the pump which is equivalent to a Poseidon PS4 External Pump "pumps 480 gallons per hour at 16 foot head pressure to 1080 gallons per hour at 3 foot head pressure through 1 inch hose barb."  My tank has a corner overflow, filtration system is a wet dry which I have a 3/4" bulkhead that transitions to a 1" clear (flexible) tube that connects to the Poseidon PS4 pump.  Another 1" clear (flexible) tube connect to the out side of the pump and then transitions to a 3/4" clear (flexible) tube that connects to the bulkhead on the tank.  From the bulkhead a 3/4" PVC pipe brings the water to the top of the tank.
Now to my problem, the pump is pumping the water out of the wet dry too fast thus creating "sucking of air" through the bulkhead in the wet dry.
I need to slow the pump down and I am assuming the only way to do that is by utilizing a valve of some sorts.  What type of valve should I use and where should I locate the valve (from the bulkhead on the wet dry to the pump (1") or from the pump to the bulkhead on the tank (3/4")) obviously depending where the valve is located would depend on the size of the valve, either a 1" or 3/4".
<The valve should be located on the outlet of the pump, and a gate valve would be my choice, much easier to control than a ball valve.  Information such as this is easily found on our site.  Do search/read first before sending a query.>
Thank you for you assistance.
<You're welcome.  James (Salty Dog)>

Strong Enough Pump?   4/2/07
Hi there Crew,
<Aldwin>
I have a 20 gallon tank, and want good wave circulation.  So I've read your FAQs and have decided to make a closed-loop system.  I will have 10 elbows and 1 SCWD.  I will have two PVC "arms", one arm out of each side of the SCWD.  Each arm has 4 elbows, and 1 output valve/elbow.
<In a twenty (20) gallon system?>
I'm estimating 10 ft head-loss (8 90-degree elbows and 2 90-degree output elbows) after reading your FAQ.  I also have a SCWD - estimating 3 ft head loss.  Then I've got about 3 ft of piping.  Total head loss is 16 ft.  Right/Wrong so far?
<Likely more like eight-ten in actuality... The "given rules of thumb" are just that/this>
I read about the Eheim 1260, it has a delivery head of 12'1, 635 Gallons/hour.  Since I have negative head (12-16 = -4 feet) , does this mean I need a bigger pump?
<Mmm, no... this pump will be more than too much for a twenty gallon system...>
I was planning on using 3/4" PVC, but the outlet for the Eheim is 1".  I assume that I would either need the same 1" or larger piping.
<Mmm, no... can be readily bushed down to lower... most anywhere on the discharge side>
I can't wait to get my circulation system up and running!  You guys have been so great in helping out.
I've gotta send you pictures with my happy system when it's up.  I'm very thankful for your help!
<Thank you for this... but a twenty gallon system...? Bob Fenner>
Jason

Pump Size - 03/29/07
Crew,
<<Chris>>
I have a 135-gallon tank with 2 overflows.  2 2-inch drain holes and 2 1-inch returns.
<<Outstanding, looks like someone has been listening to Bob's/the Crew's incessant rant on adequate throughput diameter!>> <Yay! And 'bout time! Now, where's that IPA? B>
A 4-inch DSB, and over 100 lbs. of live rock, a 55-gallon sump, and a 10-gallon refugium.
<<Very nice...though would like to see a larger 'fuge>>
Will a Mag-36 provide enough current for my reef tank (Approx 4-5 feet of head)?
<<Indeed it should...though processing this much water through a 55g sump may well prove problematic...and if this sump is located within a living space (living/TV room, bedroom, etc.) you may find the noise to be quite distracting>>
Thanks and love the website,
Chris Harris
<<Happy to share.  Eric Russell>>

Re: Pump Size - 03/30/07
A bigger refugium it is.
<<Yay!>>
I have a 20-gallon I can use.
<<Much better>>
I read and value the information I've read from Bob and crew very seriously, so if they suggest it, I'll do it.
<<Ah...feel the power...[grin]>>
The noise won't bother me.  I love the noise I hear from the sump on my other 55.  It's a 20-gallon sump.  It's in my bedroom.
<<Oh...a white-noise sleeper eh!>>
As Bob and crew say...the more water and rock, the better.
<<More water?...yes.  More rock?...not so simple...in my humble opinion>>
Thanks for the great advice from all of you.
<<We are all happy to share>>
I'll go ahead and order the mag-36 pump.
Chris Harris
<<Sounds like you have a plan.  Regards, Eric Russell>>

Pump For 72 Gal Bow Front? - 03/27/06
Hello Crew.
<<Howdy Steve>>
I just purchased an All-Glass 72 gal bow front that will be used for a FOWLR set up.
<<cool>>
The tank came with the predrilled MegaFlow Overflow.
<<Mmm...is hardly “mega”>>
The overflow has a 1-inch drain, ¾-inch return, and max flow rate of 600 gph.
<<More like half that actually.  You “might” get the drain to flow close to the 600gph rating, but not without much fiddling/tuning/modification of the plumbing to handle the associated surge and noise issues>>
I am shopping for a return pump to be used in the sump of my wet/dry, and I am currently looking at these brands:
1) Eheim Hobby Pump 1260 @634 gph or Eheim 1262 @898 gph
2) Mag Drive 7 @700 gph or Mag 9.5 @950 gph
3) Quiet One 3000 @780 gph
Which pump would you recommend in terms of durability, ease of maintenance, and quietness?
<<The Eheim...hands down the best of the three.  And do plumb with a gate-valve between the pump and the return to moderate flow as necessary>>
Are there other brands that I should consider?
<<You could, but not necessary in my opinion>>
Any assistance that you can provide is greatly appreciated.  Thanks for such a great site.  Keep up the good work.
Steve
<<Thank you for your participation.  Regards, EricR>>

Re: Pump for 72 Gal Bow Front? - 03/27/06
Eric,
<<Steve>>
Thank you for your recommendation on the pump.
<<Quite welcome>>
Can a gate-valve be used if I wanted to use flexible tubing for the return?
<<It can...you will need to thread barb-fittings in to the threaded valve to accommodate the flexible tubing...or...get a valve with slip-fittings and use "flexible" PVC...a much better alternative to the vinyl tubing in my opinion>>
Or will I need to plumb the return with pvc?
<<Not necessary as stated>>
What can I do to address the surge and noise issues that you refer to?
<<Mostly a matter of experimentation and trial and error my friend.  Adjusting run lengths/angles/bends, aspirating, terminating above/below the water-line, etc., etc....  Do read through our info on plumbing marine systems>>
Thanks,
Steve
<<Be chatting, EricR>>

Re: Pump & Stocking Advice, Pb and pump sel.    3/11/07
Bob and Crew!  Thanking you in advance for your assistance.  I don't know what I would do without this forum.  I would like to ask a question that I have researched thoroughly but I still don't feel that I've located an answer that makes me feel comfortable.  I have a 180 gallon reef with a 16" x 5" center overflow.  The overflow has dual 1 1/2" bulkheads for the drain and dual 3/4" return bulkheads.
<Mmm... I wish these last were 1" inside diameter... I bet you do as well... as most of the pumps I'd suggest have this size volute discharge...>
  I need to accurately determine the gph drain rate.
<Mmmm>
I checked the calculator at reefcentral.com and it asks me to submit gph under the "recommended minimum drain/overflow size calculator".  For example, I selected 1,200 gph.  The calculator provided the following calculations:
   Recommended minimum drain pipe diameter = 1.43 inches
<About right>
  Recommended minimum linear overflow size = 18 inches
<What is this...?>
How can I accurately determine this?
<The former is sort of easy... it's the inside diameter of the two fittings (or 600 gph per) of the opening/s of your drains... and you have two 1 1/2"... which should do. The second bit, I don't know what they're referring to>
I'm not the smartest guy when it comes to determining this, but it appears to me that I need to determine the gph flow rate of my return pump,
<Mmm, and factor in losses due to head, induced drag (from plumbing, turns...>
then determine what my drain pipe and minimum linear overflow size are.  Is this accurate or am I completely missing the boat?
<Agree with the drains... don't know what MLO is... is this some sort of term for quesstimating the "drop" of water through drains... that supposedly will draw/suck water through horizontal runs of plumbing?>
I feel extremely comfortable with all my other decisions, but this is an extremely important one, as I really don't think my wife would appreciate a small "beach" on the living room floor.  In addition, I have one more question that I'm not sure can be accurately answered at this point.  How much differential can there be between the drainage gph and return gph before serious problems could occur?
<Mmm, the drainage MUST equal or exceed the return GPH...>
I assume the optimum situation would be to have the drainage and return rates be as close to identical as possible.
<Actually... trust me... you want the drainage capacity to be MUCH more than near equal to the return... Think on this... should one of the two drain lines fail...>
My wife sincerely thanks you for your continued patience and willingness to help me.....help her.  I can't thank you enough.  Your expert advise is priceless.  
Sincerely, Scott
<Am glad to be your co-hort in your aquarium adventures... I would not be concerned here re the drains or whatever this MLO is... your two 1 1/2" ID fittings, coupled with tubing (hard or flexible) of the same diameter WILL accommodate 1,200 actual GPH flow. Bob Fenner>

Re: Pump & Stocking Advice, Pb and pump sel.    3/11/07
Crew,
<Scott>
I forwarded an earlier email to you.  If you choose not to answer that one and instead would prefer to answer this one, I'm not looking for an answer to both.  I believe my question to be a rather simple one.  Based upon my have a 16" x 5" center overflow with dual 1 1/2" bulkheads for the drain and dual 3/4" bulkheads for the returns, would the Iwaki 100 RLT be too much pump?
<It would not IMO... but there is a bit more to my response... I would like to point out that this make and the 70 RLT have 1" discharges... you will need to bush either one down to 3/4" ID (use a schedule 80 (grey) PVC threaded coupler... with a smear of Silastic on the threads... secure the pump down on a piece of board... And though this pump is rated for some 2,000 gph, I suspect it will not produce any more than the desired 1,200 gph going through this reducer AND the rest of the plumbing return/discharges... WHICH I suggest you arrange in this 180 (most are nominally six feet wide, through a (Am feeling like Bob Barker now... "Come on down"...) a discharge manifold like here: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/pbh2oret.htm
Please read through the above files linked in blue...>
would you recommend the 70RLT instead?  
<Mmm, no... I don't think going from the rated 1,500 gph to and through the plumbing, you'll get any more than 1,000 gph... which is really insufficient for the purposes you'll likely... You could make up some of the circulation, aeration aspect with spiffy internal pumps... like the fab Tunzes or new, far-less-expensive Hydors...>
Based up the calculations at reefcentral.com, with pipe diameter of .75" (I assume they are referring to the return pipe)
<Yes>
and with the # of elbows, vertical and horizontal heights, the 100 RLT returns approximately 1,378 gph
<You will never get this... I assure you... the "model" presented on RC is fallacious... is at best an example of "best guess scenarios"... In the real world... My advice, really... if truly curious, rig all this up, avail yourself of a flow meter and see for yourself>
  which I believe would be appropriate for the gph drainage.  Your thoughts are welcome .  Thanks once again for your patience.
Scott
<There are a couple of standard works on "aquarium" engineering... Again, if you really want to know... I would go with the 100 RLT... You'll see. BobF>

Re: Pump & Stocking Advice   3/11/07
WOW!  What an awesome forum!!!  Thanks so much for the prompt reply.
<<We do our best.>>
I was leaning towards the 100RLT for a while now, but had almost talked myself out of it.  Thank you for reassuring me that I was initially on the right track, because I did research this thoroughly.  I will be incorporating 2 Tunze Turbelle Streams as well. I can't wait to get started.  I guess that sometimes we can out think ourselves and make things more complicated than they really are.  Thanks again!
Scott   
<<You're quite welcome, on behalf of the Crew. Lisa Brown.>>

Pump Advice  3/9/07
Bob,
  <Scott>
  Thanks for quick reply and info.  I would like to ask you an additional question concerning Iwaki pumps.  I have conducted research on the MD70 & MD100s.  What I have found is that the majority of reef keepers seem to be running MD70s.  In your opinion, is the MD100 too powerful a pump for a 180?
<No... as long as you have the capacity to adequately drain the higher volume...>
I know that I can slow down the flow rate with a ball valve.  I was contemplating the MD100 for a couple of reasons:
  1.  I don’t want to skimp and although I am intrigued by the reports that Dolphin Amp Masters are among the quietest pumps out there, I want reliability and EVERYONE recommends Iwakis.
  2.  I felt that the extra gph would be beneficial if I were to ever add a calcium reactor, I could "tee" it off and run the reactor off the same pump.
<Can, easily, yes... takes some modicum of pressure, but very little flow>
  3.  I may have the opportunity to purchase a used one (supposedly less than 1 hour for $99).  Thanks and have a great weekend.
    Scott  
<You as well my friend. Bob Fenner>

Help! I Need a Quiet External Return Pump! – 03/09/07
Hello crew.
<<Howdy Joe>>
I am a big fan of Wet Web Media.
<<Thank you...me too!>>
I have been reading on your site for a few years but have never asked a question.  I need help selecting a quiet external return pump.
<<Mmm, depending on your definition of “quiet” this could be tough...but let’s see if I can help>>
The tank I am setting up is a 95-gallon AGA wavefront tank. It has a MegaFlow overflow rated at 600 GPH.
<<Ah yes, the “single 1” drain line” seemingly touted as the “end-all” solution for manufactured reef tanks...but I digress...>>
I am using an AGA sump which I drilled and placed a bulkhead so I can use an external pump.
<<Ok>>
I have 1" PVC going to a Coralife Turbo-Sea 1740P pump, rated at 1700 GPH.
<<Why so large a pump?  Considering your drain will have trouble handling even the “rated” 600 gph>>
The outflow from the pump is 1" PVC which is split using a "T" to the return to the tank and to the skimmer.
<<A difficult balancing act to maintain (I see water on your floor in the future at some point)...best to feed the skimmer from a separate dedicated pump>>
The skimmer is an ETSS Reef Devil down-draft skimmer which is in the sump.
The problem is the pump is insanely loud!
<<Not uncommon, and is often due much to vibration.  Using soft tubing at the inlet/outlet connections and placing the pump on a soft pad (mousepad) can sometimes be a big improvement.  If the noise is from the fan attached to/cooling the pump, well, that’s more difficult to deal with>>
In search of a quieter pump I purchased a Velocity T4 from Blueline Aquatics.  It is rated at 1225 GPH at only 30dB.  This pump was supposed to have 1" hose-barb fittings but they are only 7/8".  I think with the restricted inflow and outflow together with the smaller pump it may not be enough to run the skimmer and give a decent GPH through the return.
<<Shouldn’t be an issue...just “bush-up” the fittings to fit the 1” pipe.  But I have other concerns here as well.  To avoid even more noise issues and other associated plumbing hassles, you will need to restrict flow to the return line to 300-350 gph...in my opinion/experience.  The fact that you plan to tee/share the return with the skimmer gives me no comfort as the water will take the path of least resistance...which will be to your tank...ultimately overwhelming your overflow and finding its way to your floor.  Even with valves plumbed to the skimmer/tank return to “set” the flow rate, this only works until there is a change in resistance/pressure one way or the other.  It is ultimately up to you, but I highly recommend using separate pumps here>>
Before I hook it up do you think this pump will work or what do you recommend for my third pump!
<<The Velocity pump should work...though I think it is rated too high as already indicated.  As for other “quiet” choices the smaller Japanese-motored Iwaki pumps, as well as GRI pumps are “relatively” quiet and give great value for service.  But truly, in my opinion, your best choice is to go submersible with either Eheim or Mag-Drive pumps if you really want “quiet”>>
It must be very quiet as this tank is in a basement and the sound bounces off the walls.
<<Mmm, indeed>>
Thanks, Joe.
<<Happy to share.  EricR>>

Plumbing a Mag-5 Pump and Calculating Head-Height – 03/05/07
WWM-
<<Adam>>
I have a 65g. AGA tank with built in overflow rated at 600gph,
<<Mmm...a single 1" drain likely...600 gph is "optimistic" and downright problematic...in my estimation>>
and a Mag5 return pump.
<<A decent enough make of pump>>
The Mag5 is rated at 500gph, and 310gph at 4ft.
<<Yes>>
Is head-height determined by total distance between pump outlet and tank return outlet or simply height from return pump to top of tank?
<<Is a bit more “involved” than either statement.  Head-height/head-loss is figured based on a combination of factors to include length of horizontal and vertical pipe runs (though these are not “calculated” the same...I’ll explain in a moment), plus the type and number of ells/tees/fittings/et al, and even the diameter of the pipe/tubing used.  Calculating vertical pipe/tubing installations is simple...one foot of rise equals one-foot of head-height, and it is generally universally agreed that every ten-foot run of horizontal pipe is equal to a one-foot rise, as is each 90-degree ell and each tee fitting in the run.  So, as an example...if you have a return line that rises two feet above the pump, makes a 90-degree turn, runs horizontally for 5-feet, makes another 90-degree turn, rises another two feet in to the tank, and terminates in a tee...you are imposing a resistance on the pump roughly equal to 7 ½-feet of head-height.  Does this make sense to you?  As for the diameter of the pipe/tubing, it is often advised to match pipe-tubing diameter to the output diameter of the pump...but in my experience; especially with the Mag-Drive pumps, I have found that “upsizing” the pipe often yields better results/flow rates.  For the pumps with ¾” outputs and smaller, I have found 1” pipe/tubing to work very well>>
Is this pump vastly underpowered for my setup?
<<That depends on what you want the pump to do.  If the only purpose is for filtration/processing water through your sump and your head-height is equal to 4-feet providing 300 gph of flow then yes, I would consider this about ideal for a single 1” drain>>
It seems a fine line between maximizing overflow flow capacity and overflowing the tank.
<<Yes indeed...and that’s even assuming the accompanying noise/surge aren’t an issue>>
If so what would you recommend?  I am in the process of converting from Wet/dry to sump, so many possibilities.  
<<My recommendation would be to utilize a pump that; based on your plumbing configuration, provides about 300-350 gph to the sump...and utilize powerheads/closed-loop/etc for additional flow within the display tank>>
Thanks for all the help!
<<Happy to share.  Eric Russell>>      

Return Pump... sel... SW...    3/4/07
Hello Crew,
<Hello, Brandon here today.>
I have searched but have not been able to find the answer: I am setting up my first sump, despite 6 years of reef success, but for an SPS tank this time. The overflow on the AGA 54 corner is rated at 400 GPH. I want to use the Eheim 1260, rated at 630 gph for the return pump.
<Head is defined as the maximum vertical lift of the pump.  When you measure the head height, measure from the surface of the sump water, to the surface of the tank's water.  The Eheim 1260 is rated at 630 gph with a head height of zero feet.  You have not listed your head height, so I will direct you to a flow chart for Eheim pumps. http://a1272.g.akamai.net/7/1272/1121/20031026073738/www.drsfostersmith.com/images/Eheim.GIF.
As you can see here, if your head height is six feet, then you will be right on the money.  A head height of four feet, might cause some problems.  Ideally for a simple system, you want the pump at a head height that will match your over flow.>
I don't want a flood. Does the return have to be lower volume?
<The return usually needs to be higher volume due to head pressure.>
Do you think this will work?
<Please read above.>
Thanks so much for your help.
<You are welcome.  I hope that this is of use to you.  Brandon>

New Hydor Koralia 3 pump  - 03/02/07
Can anyone shed some light on this new pump? http://www.marinedepot.com/md_searchitem.asp.  I currently have 2 Seio 820's in the tank.  I'm not happy with the way they mount, I have an acrylic tank and have to use the suction cups.  Magnets for the Seio's would cost an additional $25 each totaling $70 each.  The Koralia is $40 with the magnet and uses less electricity.  Does anyone have any experience with these regarding durability, noise, water movement etc?
Thanks,
Frank
<Mmm, that link doesn't seem to be working... see below. Don't have any personal experience with this product, but am familiar with the company... and they have many nice, innovative products... http://www.hydor.it/
As usual, I would use the larger sphere of BB's boards here... AquariumFrontiers. com is a fave... knowledgeable, friendly folks... for actual users input. Cheers, Bob Fenner>

Losing My Mind Trying to Pick an External Pump for 150G – 02/26/07
Hello - and I'll repeat the chorus of the amazing info your site brings.
<<Greetings...and many thanks, we’re glad to be of service>>
I only wish someone had all of the answers for raising 3 year old twin boys!!
<<Yikes...a double handful!  I’ll take plumbing issues over that any day [grin]>>
I am setting up a 150G FOWLR tank - made by Perfecto - 48x24x30H with a single center overflow on one of the 24" walls (it will be a see through style tank).
<<Ok>>
The tank will have one overflow - a 1" drain I believe.
<<Mmm, yes...will limit you to about 350 gph before problems start to arise>>
The issue is with the return pump.  Getting lots of mixed advise.
<<Everyone has a different opinion, I’m sure>>
Tank will drain to an All-Glass Model4 (36x18x18) sump right below the tank (think, your traditional tank/cabinet set up) and will then return to the same overflow area.
<<Sounds like a perfect job for a Mag-Drive Mag5 pump to me>>   
Thinking of an Iwaki MD40RLXT or perhaps a Velocity T4.
<<These are way too much  pump (1200+gph)  for a single 1” overflow.  Best to look for something in the 500gph range...and then also be sure to plumb a gate-valve on the discharge side of the pump to temper flow as necessary>>
I've ever heard good things about the Coralife Turbo Sea 1090.
<<Still “too much”>>
The issue is with flow.
<<Yes indeed>>
I've heard that a single 1" overflow can only handle 600gph.
<<Best to expect about half this without excessive noise/surge, and the associated plumbing hassle to reduce same...in my experience>>
So, if I buy a pump rated for 1100 gph at 4' head (slightly less than I'll pump), am I purchasing too large of a pump?
<<Oh yes!  Better to get a pump rated for a “maximum” of 600 gph, and even then you may find it easier/best to reduce flow to the 350 gph range I mentioned earlier>>
Also, any comments on the noise of the Iwaki?  Or the Velocity's – are they really that quiet?
<<Depends on what you are measuring against I suppose...and what, if any, ambient room noise is present.  The Iwaki’s can be very quiet though they are not “silent.”  The Velocity pumps lack a cooling fan and are therefore “more” quiet than the Iwaki pumps.  Personally, I really do think a submerged Mag-Drive pump would work very well here, and will also be very “quiet” as well
Thanks in advance!
Jeff
<<Happy to assist.  Eric Russell>>

Re: Losing My Mind Trying to Pick an External Pump for 150G – 02/26/07
Hi Eric,
<<Hey Jeff!>>
Thanks for the help.
<<Hope it was of use>>
One follow-up question.
<<Shoot>>
Is there a reason you are recommending a submersible vs. external pump?
<<Yep...considering your tank configuration, the Mag-Drive would be the most simple and most economical installation.  And while not the “best” pump on the market, they do provide good service for value...in my opinion>>
Sure, submersible is easier (no drilling/etc), but I like the idea of an external due to longer life and less having to deal with dropping water levels in the sump as externals can run with much less water in the sump.
<<Hmm, not sure I completely agree with this last statement...but will concede a “quality” external pump will likely outlast the Mag-Drive (have heard tales of Japanese-motored Iwaki pumps running 10+ years).  Though I will state that with reasonable care (semi-annual inspection/cleaning as a minimum), I think it possible to get 3-5 years out of the Mag-Drive pumps...and possibly more with impellor replacement.  I have a Mag12 on my reef system that has been running for almost 3 ½ years now and a Mag5 in my pond that is approaching 3 years>>
I've run both (Iwaki on a 90g reef) and Mag7 on a 72g FOWLR.  For some reason, my brain can't comprehend going with only a Mag5 for a 150g Tank.
<<Has nothing to do with the tank size mate...the limiting factor is the fact you have a single 1” overflow for this system>>
Perhaps I need to get past my pre-defined notions, but I gave less thought when I bought my last car!
<<Hee-hee!  The problems/ponderings of fluid-dynamics has caused more than a few hobbyists to stop and scratch their heads>>
Are you really thinking that I might only get 350gph on a 150G tank?
<<No...but I think you may only get that 1” drain to flow at 350 gph before you begin to have issues with noise/gurgling/surge/et al.>>
By my math, that's only 2x turnover.
<<Indeed...you will need to supplement flow with alternative methods (powerheads, closed-loop, etc.)>>
Will that be enough for adequate filtration for a FOWLR tank?
<<You really don’t have a choice here unless you can re-drill for a larger bulkhead or add additional throughputs.  But if you can’t, the 350 gph through the sump will be adequate for filtration purposes...though I suggest supplying some “additional” flow within the display tank as stated>>
I suppose it's enough since all of the major manufacturers use only a single 1" overflow hole on their 48" long reef ready tanks.
<<Mmm, no...and a bit of a peeve here.  Don’t assume the manufacturers have “done it right”...these tanks are hardly “reef ready” re their overflow/return systems>>
Thanks again!
Jeff Franzen
<<Happy to help.  Eric Russell>>

Pump & Stocking Advice; skimmer op., reef stkg., circ., spray-on foam inside backgrd.s    - 02/21/07
Dear Crew,
<Scott>
I sent the basics of this email on Saturday and didn't receive a reply, so I thought I'd send it again.  If you received it previously, I apologize.
   <I don't recall seeing this. Thanks for re-sending>
  Thanks again for this forum.  I can’t tell you how invaluable your advice has been.  You offer great advice that saves hobbyists a lot of grief and heartache, not to mention $.  Unfortunately I got overly excited when I saw what I thought was a great sump/refugium.  I ordered it prior to measuring it and prior to receiving my Euro Reef RS-180, which I can’t wait to set up.  The front compartment is too small for the skimmer.  I am going to attempt to modify it, however, if I can’t I may be forced to house the skimmer in the final compartment which is where I housed it when my 150 gallon reef was set up 8 years ago but times have certainly changed since then.
<Not that big of a deal...>
How much of an added benefit due you feel there is to housing the skimmer in the 1st compartment versus with the return?
<A few (single digit) percent>
  I sincerely appreciate your passion and responsiveness.  I’m establishing a 180 gallon reef which will house Acropora, Galaxea (I need to provide room for growth and to account for their
“stingers”),
<Oh yes>
a torch, a yellow Sarco, zoos, and another group of soft corals such as polyps or Ricordea.  I’ll also have Tridacna clams.
  My fish choices are:
Pr of BT Triggerfish (or Sargassum Triggers)
(1) Sohal Tang (my preference, but also considering Powder Blue, Palette, or Purple)
<The Sohal will be "king" here if placed>
(1) 6-Line Wrasse
Small school of Chrysiptera (Flavipinnis, Hemicyanea, Caeruleolineata, Cymatilis, or Chromis (Scotti or Viridis)...as these seem to be among the least aggressive
(1)Yellow Assessor
(1) Pseudochromis Fridmani
(1) Oblique-lined Dottyback (Cypho Purpurascens)
Pr of Clowns (Undecided on type)
(1) Flame Angel (Unsure if this is a good choice due to the clams)
<Likely okay in a setting of this size, type>
(2) Shrimp Gobies (preferably Amblyeleotris Yanoi or Stonogobiops Yasha, but welcome recommendations based on the other inhabitants) with commensurate shrimp
<Mmm, your triggers may consume the shrimp...  best to place these ahead of the Balistids>
  (1) Mandarin (last fish WELL after the tank is established)
<Mmm, may likely starve... hopefully can be moved to the refugium...>
I will be including a school of either Scott's Fairy Wrasses (1 male – 3/4 females) or school of Anthias (preferably Pseudanthias Bimaculatus, Fasciatus, Rubrizonatus, or Squamipinnis,
….recommendations?  
<Any of these, or even two species would work... one male...>
What are your thoughts/concerns about including both the Anthias and the harem of the Scott’s?
<Can be done in a six foot long system...>
If I were to go that route, what fish, if any, would you eliminate?  
<Mmm, none stick out from what is listed>
The last thing I want to do is overcrowd the tank.  If I go with the Anthias, I will still be adding a male Scott's.  I would appreciate your recommendations.
The tank details are:
180 gallon acrylic w/ 60 gallon sump w/refugium
Euro Reef RS-180 Skimmer
I am contemplating adding a Calcium Reactor at a later date.
<A worthwhile piece of gear>
  3 MH (I don’t remember the wattage… still have the ballasts from a 150 reef I ran 8 years ago) and 2 Actinics (aesthetics)
<I see>  
  I haven't decided on the pump yet.  I’m leaning towards an Iwaki 70RLT (1500 gph @ 4' head) or 100RLT 2000 gph @ 4' head), although I am reconsidering the Dolphin line as well.  I need to determine what the drainage (gph) of my overflows is in order to choose the correct pump (the calculator on reefcentral.com (I believe) can help me determine the drainage flow rate.
<Roughly, yes>
I have one additional question concerning the Iwakis.  Although the Japanese motors are preferred, it appears that the better choice in wet/dry return pumps is the RLXT which is only available up to the 40RLXT.  Is there a significant difference in the RLXT versus RLT models?  
<Not IMO>
I believe that I’m better off running a larger RLT than (2) smaller RLXTs.
<Agreed>
My preference would be a single larger pump (with a 2nd as an emergency back-up).  I am also planning on installing a Turbelle Stream Pump on both sides of the tank pointed towards the center front.
<Nice units>
I also have the option of running a single unit on the center
overflow (5” x 16”).  If I did this, what would be the best direction to direct the flow?
<The two... at either end... perhaps with Tunze's timer...>
I guess the more turnover, the better, so I expect that the better option would be (2) streams, one on each end of the tank.
<Yes>
  My LFS has been spraying black expanding foam on their tanks.  It looks great in their 180 display.  The overflows are hidden by this foam and it creates a nice “wall”.
<Mmm... am concerned about this material in the long haul...>
They’ve also attached frags to it.  Although it looks great, I have long-term concerns about the product’s safety.
<Me too>
  Apparently Foster & Smith were the first to offer it for aquatic use, but they didn’t recommend it for saltwater use when I called them.  They stated it was created for pond use.  I know that Julian Sprung has mentioned the use of similar products in Europe for years, but he was unsure of the long term effects of its use as well.  Are you aware of these products?    
<Am... and I expect to see Jule's "Completely revisited and revised" opinion/spiel here as well... I wouldn't use it>   
  Thanks once again for your expert advice.  Having this wealth of experience a mouse click away is invaluable.  
Scott
<Glad to share, proffer my input. Bob Fenner>

Inline-Pump noise. Submersible Pump sufficient/practical? 2/4/07
Greetings, hope your day is going well.  
<Thank you, Debi. (Ed?) Same to you.>
I could use some guidance and recommendations, but first a little information about my set up.  I have a 180 gallon fish only salt tank.  
<Put the water inside the tank, NO! *IN*side the tank! ;) >
My cycle pump is a Little Giant #4 MDQXSC.
The pump performs well, but the noise is unbearable.  
<Familiar complaint with the brand. Some quieter pumps include Blue-line, Iwaki... for starters..>
I can't put all the blame on the pump, a lot has to do with the location of my tank and cabinet.
The tank sits as a central display piece also acting as a room divider.
Also, one side of the cabinet has no doors or panels.  A couch backs up to hide equipment from view but does allow most all of the noise to escape.  I tried rubber under the pump and adding panels to help sound proof the cabinet but the rubber did nothing, and the panels sealed off too much air circulation.  
<Have you ever heard of Dynamat (Not dynomat, different product)? It can be found in most higher-end mobile audio retailer/installer locations.>
Ok, so I'm back to square one.  Not running a reef system may allow a submersible pump to be a good option.   
<Not sure I understand...>
I understand a submersible will contribute a little more heat than the Little Giant.  
<Not really a big issue here. The inline pump may let a lot of the heat it generates off into the air, but a portion does bleed into he water, too.>
It is my understanding the pump by itself should not generate enough to be concerned about, <Right...> so my common sense tells me it's the combination with other equipment that may prohibit the use of a submersible. I began testing heat output of my current equipment by shutting off the heater and monitoring temperature.
In each 24 hours the tank has dropped one full degree.  
<Careful here.>
Oddly, my area is not having a typical winter, but I would still want to factor heat output to ascertain if I could anticipate a rising heat problem during summer. You guys have been great and well respected by everyone in this hobby.  Any thoughts?
<Without more specific sy