Skimmer Upgrade? 5/10/08 I currently have a 125 gallon reef tank. The water currently flows downstairs into an Aqua C EV150 skimmer and then into a 58 gallon refugium filled with live sand 6 inches deep and it is full of Chaeto algae. The skimmer is in an acrylic box inside of the 58 gallon tank and water flows through this first, and then through the Chaeto. It then flows down into a sump (28 gallon trash can) and it is then pumped it back to the main tank with a mag 18. Circulation is provided by a Sequence Dart pump on a closed loop. <Sounds nice!> The tank has been set up for about a year and I have a problem with some course wire like algae but otherwise it looks great and the corals are growing like crazy. The tank has 6 Green Chromis, a BlueBand Goby, A 12 year old Clown fish, <Wow!> and a 8 year old Yellow Tang. Lighting consists of 3 175 watt 10,000k halides with 2 20 watt Actinics. I change 16 gallons of water weekly, and top off with Kalkwasser. I converted 2 smaller tanks into this larger one last spring and love it but want the extra volume and security of a larger sump. <Larger never hurts with sumps.> I am upgrading the size of the sump to 75 gallons and was wondering if the additional volume would call for a larger skimmer? Since the bioload is the same I would think that it would not require additional skimming. <Your DOC’s will be diluted a bit more, the skimmer sizing has more to do with the volume of water it can process more than anything. A larger tank does not require a larger skimmer to functionally skim what passes through, it requires a larger skimmer to have the ability to process enough water to accommodate the volume in the tank. But, all things considered you do have a fine skimmer for your system.> I figure the total volume of water in the system will be around 180 to 200 gallons. <Nice.> My thoughts are that as long as the bio-load doesn't change then the skimmer should not have to. The Below is a picture of one half of the tank. <Nice tank.> Thanks, Aaron <Welcome, have fun.>

<<nice! -Sara M.>>

Skimmer Upgrade? 5/10/08 Thanks for your advice. <Welcome.> The reef tank is doing great and Wet Web Media made it all happen. <Thank you, I will pass this around!> I spent days reading the articles and FAQ here prior to setting it up. I was a little concerned about the Blueband Goby since there are articles on here about them not eating well in captivity but he eats from my hand and seems to be thriving. <Great!> I tend to keep my fish around a long time and wanted the same for him. Keep up the good work guys. Aaron <Will do, thank you, Scott V.>

Protein Skimmer/Selection 4/23/08
I was looking at the Octopus skimmers and haven't found any comments about it on your site. I was wondering what is your opinion about it and where does it stand in terms of quality.
<I'm not familiar with this skimmer.>
A local aquarium in Richmond VA says it's one of the better brands.
<Mmm, he must sell them.>
Trying to find the right skimmer for my 90 Gallon. My ASM skimmer doesn't seem to be doing the job and the people at the aquarium said ASM's are a hit and miss brand. Thanks for your suggestion.
<Myself, I believe the ASM's are a decent performer. Do you clean the reaction chamber and riser tube weekly. Waste build up in these areas, especially the riser tube, greatly affects performance. I'm partial to AquaC skimmers, a good value for the performance it renders. James (Salty Dog)>

Skimmer Ratings 4/5/08
I've got a question about skimmer ratings. I'm starting a 120 gallon SPS tank and need my skimmer. I know I should go with a skimmer that is overrated for my tank to keep SPS. My question is, do these ratings assume there is no other filtration besides the skimmer?
<No, all tanks need at least some kind of biological filtration also. Either some sort of biomedia or live rock.>
I am planning on a sump/refugium that utilizes macro algae for nutrient uptake. Could I get away with going with a skimmer that is rated for 120 gallons or slightly larger, instead of going nuts and buying that is rated for over 200 gallons?
<A skimmer rated for 120 gallons will work fine. Do study the skimmer size ratings between different manufacturers in relation to the skimmer size, air draw and type (injector, needlewheel/venturi). Some manufacturers have fairly loose ratings, rating a skimmer much higher than it should be. EuroReef and AquaC are two skimmer manufacturers that I feel rate their skimmers correctly. Good luck, Scott V.>

Can I go Skimmerless? 4/4/08
Hello again Crew,
<Random Aquarist>
Well, I've started reading up on skimmerless systems. My tank is an 86g (48"L x 16"W x 26"T) with a 35g sump. My lighting is a pair of 250W MH bulbs, actinics, and moonlight LED's. My tank has recently finished cycling. I have roughly 150 lbs of liverock and am thinking about incorporating a DSB. I plan to stock the tank entirely with macroalgae (either Chlorodesmis or Dictyota), a BTA, and a pair of Maroon Clowns. I'm also going to buy a detritivore kit and an amphipod kit (separate culture) from Inland Aquatics.
<Carful with these kits. They generally include way too many critters, especially hermit crabs for long term sustenance of the cleanup crew and other inhabitants of your system.>
I'm really interested in the skimmerless concept. If I kept the proper maintenance, could I make this tank a skimmerless one?
<You certainly can, but a skimmer is a tool that makes things easier for you. Any system can be kept without a skimmer, it is just more work. For what my time is worth I would never run a marine tank without one!!>
TIA,
Random Aquarist
<I have included a link for you below that goes through why to skim and the advantages of doing so. Welcome, Scott V.>
http://wetwebmedia.com/toskimornotfaq.htm

Pacific Coast Imports Protein Skimmers 3/26/08
Hello crew,
<Hello.>
I writing to find out if you guys have any knowledge or opinions on protein skimmers by Pacific Coast Imports. The model I'm inquiring about is PS-350L, which can be seen here: http://www.pacificcoastimports.com/products.cfm?pg=2&sid=54151142K43755152308002K1206485854177I163T230T7T6P21865745Z95708&c=24&kys
<I have used one of these. To be perfectly honest, I would consider a different skimmer, perhaps an ASM or EuroReef. The Pacific Coast is a ok skimmer, I just feel the other two are better choices. Good luck, Scott V.>

What Size Skimmer Do I Need? – 03/24/08
Great web site,
<<Glad you think so>>
Google got me here.
<<Excellent>>
I am new to this and would like to ask you a question or two.
<<Okay>>
I have a 90 gal, 30 gal sump. Can I buy a skimmer Euro-Reef ES8-3 or is this too big for my 90 gal? I will eventually be getting corals, live rock and fish.
<<This skimmer will be fine for your tank (factory rated for a 175g system); I always like to go a bit bigger than the size rating for my systems. But unless you already have a lead, finding one may be difficult as the ES series of Euro-Reef skimmers have been discontinued by the manufacturer. Not to worry though, a comparable RC series will do fine too>>
I also looked at AquaC Remora Pro.
<<Another fine product/choice…though if there’s a chance this tank will be heavily stocked, I would be inclined to get the in-sump model EV-120 (or maybe even the EV-180) over the Remora Pro>>
What should I get, you really know better?
<<Euro-Reef is my current favorite, but either of these brands will serve you well. The choice is yours; perhaps pick the one that best fits your system. And do read through our articles and FAQs on skimmers/selection…you can start here, and then follow the links in blue at the top of the pages: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/proskimrart2.htm >>
Thanks your help will be appreciated. Juan C
<<Happy to assist. EricR>>

Protein Skimmer Selection 2/9/08
I have read the WWM protein skimmer section's and still have questions.
<OK>
I am running a 90 gallon FOWLR system with 150 pounds of live rock. It runs into a 30 gallon long sump which has a refugium with macro algae in the middle. My intake chamber ( where I plan on putting the skimmer ) is 8" x 12" with a 29" clearance. What reasonably priced skimmer with a pump would you recommend?
<For this footprint an AquaC Urchin Pro or the Tunze mentioned below would be fine choices.>
Right now I have a sea clone 100 which pulls gunk but I don't think is good enough by all I have read.
<It is not the greatest skimmer.>
Would you recommend the Tunze 9005 with the 9005.400 in sump conversion kit?
<Yes, highly recommended, as is the Aqua C mentioned. Both companies make top notch products.>
I don't quite understand how this model works, whether it has a pump or not.
<Yes it does, it is an all inclusive plug and play unit.>
Or would you recommend the E.T.S.S. Reef Devil Protein Skimmer with Pump?
<This could work also, although it will likely be louder and consume more power.>
Thank you for your time.
John
P.S. I am married and don't want to sleep with the skimmer. My loving wife (who doesn't understand the addiction yet) has agreed to allow me to spend around 300 dollars.
<Welcome John, all of the above come within your price range. My wife is constantly going through the same thing, “I swear this will be the last tank.” Yeah right! Good luck, Scott V.>

Sump-less skimmer, sel.  02/03/2008
Hi there!
<<Hi, Andrew here>>
I am new to salt water and need some advice. I have a 90 gallon corner aquarium, (1/4 cylinder), that came with a Fluval 405 plumbed into the bottom of the tank. The stand is the same shape as the tank and has a supporting divider in the center, leaving two small triangular spaces that are too small for a sump. The tank has been up and running for 2 months, with 120 lbs. of live rock and 75 lbs of crushed coral. Lighting is T5 HO. Water movement by 2 powerheads. Live stock includes a Pajama Cardinalfish, Coral Beauty Angel, Fox Face, 2 scarlet skunk cleaner shrimp, snails, hermits, a small feather duster, mushrooms and a few soft corals.
<<Sounds lovely>>
Water parameters are all pretty good and all the livestock are doing well. I would like to slowly add a few more fish and corals, but I feel I should add a skimmer. As I stated before, there is very little room in the cabinet for a sump, and the tank fits quite tightly to the walls (1.5"), so a hang-n won't work.
<<Ahh yes, many people run into this issue with this configuration of tank stand and some choose to add a sump outside the stand and have it as a display sump>>
I have heard about D & D Marine Enterprises Terminator II skimmer that comes with a sump-less kit. With the kit it supposedly works like a canister filter. Before I shell out the money, I would like to know if you are familiar with this skimmer, and if so, will it do the job for my system.
<<Yes, these work well indeed, basically the same as a canister filter and will work fine with your system>>
Thanks, Lance
<<Thanks for the question. A Nixon>>

Tunze 9010 For A 200g Reef? – 01/15/08
Hi,
<<Hello Marcus>>
I have just setup up a new 4 x 4 x 2 reef, upgraded from a 4 x 18” x 2.
<<Neat!>>
I am using my skimmer from my last tank which is a<<Tunze>> 9010, which I was pretty happy with.
<<I too like Tunze skimmers>>
I am copping a fair bit of flack in my build thread about how undersized this skimmer is for a 200g reef.
<<Really? Hmm, even though your new tank specs out at about 239-gallons (actual true “empty” volume depends on the thickness of the panel material)…the Tunze 9010 has a “usage” rating of up to 264-gallons>>
What is your opinion?
<<I saw many of the “classic” Tunze skimmers in action overseas years back, and well before similar quality skimmers were available in the States...they were awesome. I don’t have any direct experience with the new Comline skimmers like the 9010, but have heard positive comments from others… I suspect you/this skimmer will be fine>>
Should I consider upgrading?
<<Is up to you, but I would probably wait to see how this skimmer performs with the new system>>
I am only stocking with a medium to light load of LPSs/sps and fish, with a pretty open aquascaping.
<<Still…best to plan/install filtration components for a “heavy” load, in my opinion. Even when we plan for/know better…we sometimes can’t help adding “just one more fish”>>
If I upgraded to a 9015 or even the foaming cup for the 9020, how much of a difference would this make, given that, other than the collection cup and chamber height, the skimmers are exactly the same?
<<Hmm, the 9020 is a “double” unit, though the 9015 does appear to be identical (air/water flow specifications) to the 9010 but for the size of the collection cup…which may indicate the smaller unit is just as efficient on larger tanks (i.e. – can handle the same “bio-load”) but is limited by the amount of skimmate it can process/hold before needing attention. In other words…if you’re willing to empty the cup more often, the 9010 should serve as well as the higher capacity-rated 9015 on larger systems>>
Many thanks,
Marcus
<<I do think your Tunze 9010 will serve your new system…but, give it a try first and see what “you” think…you can always upgrade or add a second skimmer at a later date if necessary. Regards, EricR>>

Skimmer Selection 1/15/08
Crew,
<Joe>
I am currently setting up a 210 gallon sps tank and I <Ah, another broken shift key.> am trying to make a decision regarding my skimmer. I know this is one of my most important pieces of equipment so I <I> don't mess this up. I don't really have much sump space so I <I> am looking for a external skimmer. I like the EuroReefs but for my application I would need the RC-500 which is like 1200 bucks. I was wondering if there is a good skimmer that won't cost me a grand. I have been looking at the Lifereef brand of skimmers, in particular the VS3-36. Jeff from LifeReef talks a good game about his skimmers and says he would put them against a Euroreef anyway. So I would like to know if you have any experience with Lifereef products? Also, if you don't like Lifereef what skimmer model would you recommend? If the expensive Euroreef or similar is my only option to keep the high water quality I will need so be it, but I want to know for sure before I spent the money.
<Joe, no experience with Lifereef products but I hear they are quality products and have heard no negative feedback on them. As for other brands of skimmers that would work well in your tank, this would be my choice list.
AquaC EV240 (around $400)
Precision Marine PM Bullet 2 ($400)
Tunze Master DOC Skimmer, comes with two hydrofoamers and rated for tanks up to 1000 gallons, pricey, but an excellent skimmer. Keep in mind here that there are no pumps to buy.($960)
ASM G-3 with a modified Sedra pump. ($310)
Hope this helps you out.>
Thanks for the help.
<You're welcome. James (Salty Dog)>
Joe

Tunze Skimmer
Protein Skimmers: Bigger is Better?  12/16/07
Hi Bob and Crew,
<Scott F. your Crew Member today!>
Thanks for all your previous help and advice.
<You can't imagine how much fun it is to be of service to our fellow hobbyists! We have some amazing people here and we love this stuff!>
As before, I am in the process of setting up a 850L (690L Cleair tank 160L sump) mixed fish and invert system. I have very limited headroom in the sump area max 50cm. After a lot of searching I have found what I believe to be a potentially ideal skimmer. Tunze DOC comline 9010.
<Fine product from an excellent manufacturer!>
My question is, do you feel that this is a good choice for my water volume or would you lean towards the 9015. In the future, I would like to invest in MH lighting to allow me to add coral (currently not an option with all the other new stuff I have to purchase). With this in mind, and notices on the Tunze site about running bigger skimmers for reef systems, I would rather invest in a system that will cover my future needs. Thanks and Regards
Steve
<Well, Steve, I am of the mindset that "bigger is generally better" when it comes to skimmers! This philosophy does not always work with other things ("bigger" chocolate soufflés, large bottles of sauerkraut, "deluxe" carry on luggage, etc!), but it generally works with skimmers (as long as you don't go overboard), IMO. I like the 9010, but if you plan on a heavily stocked reef system in the future, the extra capacity of the 9015 will justify the additional expense, IMO. Tunze products are fantastic, and I use a number of them on my system with great results. Hope this helps! Regards, Scott F.>

Low(er) Cost in-Sump Skimmers and reliability
In-Sump Skimmers Of Quality – 12/07/07
While you review several hang-on skimmers for low-volume systems, I've found myself at a complete loss for a skimmer suitable to my system.
<<Hmm…with the better manufacturers (Euro-Reef, AquaC, H&S, Schuran, Tunze, others) the manufacturers recommendations are a good guide>>
I have a 125 glass system with overflow to a 50 gallon sump, actually my former tank drilled. There's usually at least 30 gallons down there, though I let it fluctuate a bit. I've found a fairly hands-off approach to be immensely successful. I haven't lost a fish or coral in approximately six months.
<<Very good…but do realize this time-frame is but a fraction of the natural lifespan, for most. True success will be measured in years, even decades>>
The skimmer from my old tank, a Coralife rated for a 65 gallon tank, was woefully inept,
<<Not surprising>>
and in any case broke during the installation. I need a skimmer capable of handling this system.
<<Several come to mind>>
I need a couple brand names that are reliable, that I could perhaps pick up used.
<<Have listed several above…will take some work on your part to find the “used”>>
There's a huge number of brands out there with no explanation or history, and most of what's there has conflicting reviews, claims of incredible skimming prowess followed by several scathing denials of its usefulness.
<<Ha-ha, indeed! And will tell…Euro-Reef skimmers are my current fave. I have an old-model CS12-3 running on my 500g (en toto) reef system>>
When I worked in a LFS, which fell apart due to the owner's insanity and Xanax abuse,
<<…!>>
we used large scale "G" skimmers, big effective things that sat in tubs and sump and produced mountains of the foul smelling stuff we all know and love.
<<Ah yes…for the most part a cheaper version of the ER skimmers>>
Enormous collection cups made management easy. I'd like a few recommendations on what's solid, as I'd hate to blow a few hundred bucks on something as trashy as my old Coralife.
<<Euro-Reef gets my vote…nor do I don’t think you would be unhappy with the price/quality of an AquaC either>>
Hey, they make good PCs, they must know what they're doing on skimmers right? Wrong.
<<Mmm…>>
While I probably won't pick up new, scouring Craigslist and eBay for a cheap second hand is in my budget, and I'd like to know a worthwhile deal when I see it.
Thanks!
Eric Jackson
<<Happy to share. Eric Russell>>

Re: Sump design question 12/07/2007
Hi Bob and thanks so much for your response.
<Welcome>
It's an honour to get advice from such an eminent expert.
<Hah! Expert... Previously married and flow under pressure?>
A quick update to a couple of the points raised in my first mail.
I found the Tank for £1000 from a UK supplier "Shirley Aquatics" not sure if I can give the name out?
<Oh yes... a venerable institution in my estimation. Do you have a copy of Colin D. Roe's work from there? Excellent>
The side filters were removed (simple in tank
affairs) also all the other (little) extras were not included.
<The "towers" can be re-made, fitted, installed... other walls/overflow weirs made, put in>
I took delivery today and it looks spectacular (though I feel it will still be some weeks before my existing stock can move home).
I have followed your advice and yet again gone back and read and read some more, I also purchased your book "The consentience Marine Aquarist" in order to recap on setup techniques.
<A handy guide>
Lastly I have read much more about the Copperband and will not be purchasing one of these. I have no interest or intent in keeping animals that do not have a very high chance of survival.
Finally to my questions (I promise much shorter intro's next time :) )
As previously stated space under the tank is at a premium with a max head height of 50cm. Although I am not completely settled on the sump design (I will start with an empty sump and check the transit volume requirements before adding any baffles) my biggest issue is the choice of protein skimmer. I have read about many advised makes and models but fundamentally come back to height issue every time.
<Yes... important... you might well want to incorporate some loops of flexible... even valves and disconnects... to enable/allow you to pull this tool out at times>
My feeling is that I will need to run two smaller skimmers as a single unit for around 200 UK gal (inc sump volume) just isn't possible.
<Mmm, actually... there are some units that should fit here... Do see EuroReef's site...>
Also the outlet from the main tank runs at 1.5? dia. What size return pump would you advise?
<The diameter of the discharge on your pump/s volute/s... Just match this>
Thanks again for your assistance.
Regards
Steve
<Certainly welcome. Bob Fenner>

Re: Sump design question, skimmers in the UK  12/07/2007
Bob,
Thanks for your swift response.
I have searched the EuroReef's site but am unable to identify any under 50cm. I further got in touch with them who again responded very quickly only to inform me that they do not ship abroad and have no pumps that run on UK voltage 240V. I would welcome any advice on a quality skimmer meeting height restrictions of 50cm and tank volume of 200 UK gal either from yourself or any readers who have experience.
Thanks again and regards
Steve
<Mmm, the V2 line through TMC? http://www.tmc-ltd.co.uk/aquarium/v2skim-skimmers.asp
BobF>

Skimmer Advice, sel.  12/4/07
First off let me say that I have been reading endless info off of your site, thanks so much.
<Hello Chris, the site does provide a seemingly endless amount of knowledge.>
However, I am a newbie and my mind is going quite mad trying to decide on certain aspects of my new tank. I currently have a 46 gallon fish only and am in the process of upgrading to a 150 reef/fish. Basically I want to be set up for what ever I wish to keep in the tank, to avoid need upgrades later.
<Understood. Plan now, don’t have to change everything later.>
So I am currently stuck on deciding on a skimmer, I have been going back and forth on my choice of skimmer and my multiple LFS's have all been telling me different things.
<Everyone does have their own opinion on skimmers.>
I think I would like to keep the skimmer and pump external from my sump as I don't want the added heat from the pump, living in Southern California it remains pretty hot most of the year (unless you all think that the recommended pumps for any given skimmer wouldn't add much heat to a 150 gallon).
<A skimmer pump will add some heat, varies by model.>
I have read that pumps should provide 1 - 1.5 times your water volume, giving that I would need a pump around 2GPH 9about 20 watts or so).
<This would be a feed pump for a recirculating skimmer. 150-225 gph in this case. The skimmer itself will have an additional pump.>
Then again I have read some skimmers come with pumps like MAG 5s or even MAG 7 which puts our much more wattage.
<This will be the actual pump that drives (and may feed) the skimmer its self.>
So I guess the pumps are relative to the skimmer, some need more GPH than others.
<Some do, but feed pump vs. skimmer pump is another issue.>
So far the top choices I have heard through research are Euro-Reef (which seems way too expensive for the externals for my budget),
<Nice skimmers, highly recommended.>
Aqua C (looks like a good choice),
<These work well, they can be plumbed outside the sump.>
ASM (although I heard it is just a cheaper euro-reef knock-off).
<Yes, they perform well, definitely an in sump model.>
ETSS (seems to much work to keep dialed in).
<These work, more of a fan of your other candidates.>
What do you think? Your help is greatly appreciated. Thanks.
-Chris
<If you have the money, the EuroReefs are hard to beat. The other skimmers are work more than adequate. It just comes down to what you want and can get a deal on. Best, Scott V.>

Re: Skimmer Advice, sel. 12/4/07
Thanks for the quick response. I do have a couple of follow up questions. 1) If I go with an in-sump, then I do not need a feed pump, I only need the skimmer pump (which should only put out 15-20 watts, which should not increase the heat in a 150 gallon much at all), true?
<More in the range of 40-60 watts for the least power hungry skimmers in your lineup of appropriate size.>
2) What is the best technology these days (e.g. Venturi, Aspirating (impeller), Downdraft, Spray Induction)?
<I hate to dodge the question, but that really depends on your criteria for “best”. I prefer a venturi with a pinwheel myself (EuroReef, ASM).>
I would obviously like the quietest best performing skimmer as affordable, would any of the skimmers I listed fit that profile? Again, thanks for the assist. –Chris
<ASM for price, EuroReef for higher quality. Note that the EuroReef size ratings are more appropriate. Both are fairly quiet. Welcome, good luck, Scott V.>

Skimmer for 150gal FOWLR
Choosing a Protein Skimmer That's a Winner! 12/4/07
Thanks for all your wonderful advice.
<We're happy to bring this site to you every day! Scott F. in tonight>
I know I've seen leaning towards the EuroReef and the Aqua C. What suggested model? S
<Well, Scott- either of these two manufacturers make fine protein skimmers. I've used many different brands over the years, including some ridiculously expensive ones, such as Deltec, etc., and I keep coming back to Euro-Reef. They build a wonderful product at a great price! What model really depends on what your bioload is, how large the aquarium is, etc. I'd consult the manufacturer's web sites for sizing recommendations. Best of luck! regards, Scott F.>

Skimmer choice 11/29/07
Hey guys
<Hello Matt.>
I have a 400 liter reef with a Turboflotor 1000 protein skimmer which I’m not happy with. It only pulls about 1 inch of dark green stuff every week. I have 2 clowns, 3 snails, 8 very small unidentified hermits (can't find ID anywhere, but they do a great job of cleaning the sand of diatoms), and 1 coral. The tank is 2 years old and I have just noticed some hair algae starting to appear. I want to replace the skimmer. The two I like the most are the AquaC Remora Pro and the Deltec MCE600. The Deltec is more expensive but I believe it comes with a built in pump(?).
<Yes it does.>
Whereas the AquaC does not come with a pump. Any thoughts on these 2 choices of skimmer?
Thanks in advance. Matt.
<They have both been proven great skimmers, hard choice. This comes down to your personal preference. With the AquaC you will have a pump in your tank. If this bothers you then that may be your deciding factor. For the money I would personally choose the Remora Pro. The skimmer should help, but don’t expect a cure all for the hair algae, something is spurring its growth. You can read through the FAQs for more info, I would start here
http://wetwebmedia.com/algaeconMar.htm
Welcome, happy reefing, Scott V.>

Seeking Urgent Skimmer Advice I have a problem, and need your help. <Okay> It would seem that I made a slight mistake when I built my sump. The skimmer zone is too deep, at least according to the fine folks at Corallife, who makes my skimmer. I noticed this week that the skimmer collection cup was filling quickly, even at the lowest setting. I assumed I my pump was too high in the water, <...uh, no> and caller the manufacturer to verify that theory. They indicated that the skimmer itself sits too low, and there is "not enough resistance." <Okay...> I am not certain what this means, but here's what I *do* know. There is not enough clearance on my rack to allow me to lower the sump, or to raise the shelf the skimmer sits underneath. What this means is I have an exceedingly tight space with which to work, and raising the skimmer is not possible. <... rats!> Additionally, hanging on the side of the tank is also not an option due to clearance issues. Damn! Here are some photos. Is there anything I can do, perhaps to mod this thing that will make it work? There's always SOMETHING.... <Really... not here with this skimmer, stand, sump... the best will be to switch to another brand/make of skimmer... Sell the one you have on eBay, Craig's List and get an AquaC... you'll be MUCH happier. Bob Fenner> Re: Seeking Urgent Skimmer Advice >> Is there anything I can do, perhaps to mod this thing that will make it work? >> There's always SOMETHING.... > Really... not here with this skimmer, stand, sump... the best will be to switch to another brand/make of skimmer... Sell the one you have on eBay, Craig's List and get an AquaC... you'll be MUCH happier. Bob Fenner< Happy is relative. Maybe... <Mmm, can be... though in my working def.s of such, the terms love, beauty, goodness and happiness... and truth are sensorially linked... the first being the expression of truth, the second its semblance, the third its quality, the last its feeling/realization...> This will be tough to swing financially. I own a small HOB skimmer by AquaC and have been a bit disappointed. Is there any reason why you would choose that particular brand? <Their in-sump models are worthy... See here: http://wetwebmedia.com/aquacskimrfaqs.htm and the linked files above. BobF>

All-in-one: Solution or Problem?... protein skimmers, Uniquarium  11/03/07 <Greetings, Charles. GrahamT with you today.> First of all I would like to thank you for being such a great resource. <Excellent, yes. This place is a haven for some, refuge for others. Helpful to all, we hope! (...ramble on, G)> I had marine tanks in the late 1960s and 70s before live rock and protein skimmers. <Much fun! Glad to have you back...> My question for you is that I have recently purchased a 125 gallon marine tank. It is a Uniquarium <Never heard of it... Some research turned up a website that was last updated in 2003. Not a good sign.> with 100 pounds of live rock. The problem <...Among others...> is that the available space for the protein skimmer is exactly 4 inches by 6 inches and a height of 22 inches. <Not enough, really...> I am currently using a Berlin airlift with so-so results. <These skimmers are one of an earlier design. I believe they work very well with big, tall columns of water, but not so great as a miniature, unobtrusive skimmer.> It must be an in-tank model there is no room behind the tank or below the tank. <That will be your problem here, I'm afraid.> Can you suggest the best skimmer that will fit into the available space. <Sadly, I think not. A 125-gallon is too large for a little skimmer like that. (I run an old U.S. aquarium 4-ft air-lift skimmer on my *20-gallon* FOWLR).> The skimmers that will fit are not sufficient for this size tank. And the skimmers sufficient for this size tank will not fit into the available space. <Well said.> I am at a total loss. <I feel for you. My assessment of this setup is less than favorable. I still think that the best way to go is with the conventional - albeit clunky - remote sump setup. You have all the room you design to have, and end up spending about the same. None of the pictures of the Uniquarium were large enough to give me an idea of your options, but I think they're limited. I think I would have heard of this design if it was worth it's salt. Let me look at this another way, since you own the system already. You could either keep the compliment of species low, or you could plumb a sump. Speaking of keeping: you need not use the bio-balls in the rear, if you add a few more pounds of live rock to the display portion.> Thanks for your help. <You're welcome, but I think I was kind of a bummer, rather than a help. Here are some other opinions of the Uniquarium systems from other contributors here on WWM. Just look for the word "Uniquarium". http://www.wetwebmedia.com/skimsel9.htm http://www.wetwebmedia.com/skimopmaintfaq13.htm Good luck and feel free to write back if I was unclear or left anything loose and hanging. -GrahamT> Re: All-in-one: Solution or Problem?   11/5/07 <Hello again, Charles. GrahamT with you again..> Thank you for your help. <You are most welcome, friend.> The solution was so obvious, add more live rock, remove the bio balls and use that area for protein skimming and a refugium. There is more than enough space back there for a top of the line protein skimmer. <Geez, I didn't even think of that. Glad they left you some room somewhere!> I just hope this can be helpful to anyone else who owns this type of aquarium. <Will definitely be part of our archive, and searchable for anyone using the keyword: "Uniquarium".> Again thanks. <Glad to help shine some light, Charles. -GrahamT>

Protein Skimmers, sel.  10/26/07
Thank you so much for you web-site, it has a lot of good information, almost too much.
<Thanks, glad you found us, there is a lot of good information on the site. A person could read hours a day and take years to sort through it all!>
One thing I have noticed is that almost all of the top brand skimmers are recommended in one form or another, based on the question asked.
So I am sorry to take up your time but I think I am really confused.
<No problem, here to help.>
I am planning a 110 gal reef tank with about a150 lbs of live rock with a precision marine sump. The shop I am working with has suggested a precision marine Bullet 1 skimmer. Would you agree with this recommendation? I am looking for the best skimmer that combines effectiveness, and efficiency as well as quietness.
<You will read many things simply because what constitutes the “best skimmer” is a matter of opinion. The Bullet 1 is a great skimmer and would be very effective in your set up. If the skimmer height is an issue this skimmer or an Aqua C are good bets. If you want to concentrate more on efficiency (power use) then I would also take a look at the needle/pinwheel type skimmers (types like Euro-Reef, ASM and others). Their pumps tend to draw less power to get the same tank size ratings (you will also find the size ratings vary from manufacturer to manufacturer). Quietness varies from skimmer to skimmer, even from different sizes for the same manufacturer and will depend a lot on the pump driving the skimmer.>
Thank you,
Peter A
<Thank you Peter, setting up a new reef is exciting and the best part is you can enjoy it for years to come. Scott V.>

Skimmer Concerns, sel. 10/10/07
To whom this may concern:
I have been reading Wet Web FAQ's for about a year now and consistently I see Aqua C Skimmers with positive remarks.
<Yes, a good performer.>
Well I have 2 tanks, a 75 drilled with 30 gallon sump, 125lbs live rock in main tank and about 30-40 in sump/refugium. I have 3 inch sand bed in main and reef mud in bottom, Caulerpas and critters etc. Also, for lighting on main tank is Current outer space doo hickey, real fancy unit 150wX2 HQI,4x t5, lunar lights. Currently I am using Coralife 125 super skimmer (I bought this based on the advice of trusted LFS), decent enough I guess but not for my set up as it has become painfully obvious to me this device is rather ambitious in its rating.
<Not familiar with the Coralife Skimmers.>
The other tank is a 15 gallon high(20x12x18) standard. I have Rio Nano Skimmer on the tank as of now and an Aqua Clear 50 Power Filter with Pura Complete and Poly filter as media. I use distilled H2o, pH 8.2, nitrate is consistently up due to weak skimming, phosphates are non existent at least all the hair algae eats up the phosphates for me. I do regular 15-20% water changes every week to 10 days depending on test results. My methodology is essentially the same on both tanks, the same issues are in both tanks, high nitrate 5.0 by end of 7-10 days after water change. I have plenty of movement in tanks, have extra power heads and a canister filter on the 75 filled with only floss to polish water and for surface disruption with spray bar return. I can see that my corals are alive but not thriving as they once were mainly due to the jungle of hair algae that I scrub and siphon seemingly to no avail. so I am looking for guidance as to what skimmer and what methods should I use to rid my self of this hair algae and nitrate nightmare.
Please keep in mind there is too much equipment to list and I do so many things with my tanks on an ongoing basis to keep them as best I can. There is much I left out but that's is the basics and it seems it isn't enough.
<Dan, I guess my first question is your bio-load, how many fish in these tanks. Excess nutrients in the water is the primary cause of high nitrate levels. As for skimmers, the AquaC is a good choice, reliable, hassle free, and reasonably priced for it's performance level. Do read the links here along with linked files in each.
http://www.wetwebmedia.com/nutrientcontrol.htm
http://www.wetwebmedia.com/nitratesmar.htm
http://www.wetwebmedia.com/algaeconMar.htm
thanks,
<You're welcome. Dan, in future queries, please do a spelling/grammar check. We just do not have the time to edit before posting. James (Salty Dog)>
Dan

Re: Skimmer Selection 10/13/07
Thanks Salty Dog for getting back to me so quickly.
<You're welcome.>
Apologies or misspelling and grammar. Anyway in my 75 I have One Tomato Clown 2.5", one Blue Devil 2", one Bullet Goby 4", one Fuzzy Dwarf Lion 4-5", one Six Line Wrasse 2-3", one 8-9" Leather Toadstool Coral, and rather large 9-10" branching Frogspawn Coral. The 15 gallon has two Ocelaris Clowns and a Pajama Cardinal. The invert list is as follows one 5" Tridacna Crocea Clam, one 4-5" Finger Leather Coral, one Mushroom Anemone 1.5", Zoanthid polyps , Xenia , Yellow Gorgonian, one dying Open Brain Coral, and lastly one not looking so good Branching Anchor Coral. I need to upgrade filters and skimmers. any solid recommendations would be appreciated. My budget can not abide $700.00 skimmers. I am looking to spend around $300.00 for skimmer upgrade on 75  gallon; as for the 15 gallon I will go about same. thanks again wet web crew.
<Check out the AquaC Urchin and Urchin Pro. Both fall in your price range and should do a good job on your system. As for the 15 gallon, I think the Red Sea Prizm Skimmer would do a very good job here. James (Salty Dog)>
Best Regards,
Dan

Possible alternative Protein Skimmer – 10/01/07
Hi there
<Good morning>
I would like to confirm if my logic on the following is correct.
When I started my FWLR marine tank I only used a canister filter for filtration and had my system run for 2 years maintenance free.
<Hmmm, I'm not sure what you must mean by "maintenance free." Are you saying that you have not cleaned your canister filter or done a water change in two years? Eek, I hope not!>
It is now only recently when I am intending to start a reef system that I am reading a lot about protein skimmers. I recall that my canister filter had the intake above my air-stone (drawing air into the filter) which caused an effect of a stream of fine bubbles being shot out at regular intervals and I found this quite pleasing as an effect. I only now realize that this could possibly have had a "skimming" effect and is the reason my system was successful and managed a high bio-load.
<I highly doubt this is the reason.>
Correct me if I'm wrong but in principle, if any canister filter draws air in which is chopped up by the impeller and then pushed through the filter material then this is effectively a protein skimming effect?
<I see why you're thinking this way. However, there's a bit more to protein skimming than the production of a lot of bubbles. The bubbles have to move up a column (leaving the water) and ultimately be collected. What's happening right now in your canister filter is that the bubbles aren't leaving the water. They're simply being created, then diced up and forced through a mechanical filter. This doesn't allow the mechanical filter to do anything it wouldn't otherwise be doing. Beyond this, it's a bit difficult to explain, but I'll try. Protein skimmers remove protein via the hydrophobic nature of many proteins (and/or their hydrophobic appendages). The hydrophobic proteins "want" to leave the water and the formation of bubbles (a water/air interface) give them that chance, but only if the bubbles can collect somewhere out of the water (i.e. in a skimmer cup). This is unlike mechanical and biological filters which utilize very different methods for removal/conversion. The filter of a canister filter won't remove any proteins using bubbles than it otherwise wouldn't when not making bubbles. The proteins will simple re-dissolve and move right through the filter again. The canister filter doesn't act like a protein skimmer unless it can somehow REMOVE the bubbles. Otherwise, it's just "teasing" the hydrophobic proteins, making bubbles but with no where for the bubbles to go except back into the water (even so through the filter).>
If this is true, would it not be a great alternative for the hobbyist?
<I hope my explanation helps you see why this is not the case.>
Regards,
Shaheen
<Best,
Sara M.>

Sanders PS. Ozone Application 9/27/07
In your FAQs you mention the Sanders protein skimmer as a cheap skimmer to inject ozone. I can't find that available anywhere. Any links to where it can be purchased or effective cheap alternatives?
<Don't believe too many etailers carry this anymore, probably costs more to ship from Germany than what they are worth. Try these etailers for inexpensive skimmers to do your job. www.premiumaquatics.com, www.drsfostersmith.com. James (Salty Dog)>

Skimmer Recommendations 9/20/07
Hi again,
<Hello>
Could you recommend a good skimmer that is quiet? The one I have is noisy, but it wasn't that expensive.
<With skimmers you get what you pay for. For a hang-on-tank type I would go with a Remora Pro most likely, although it may be underpowered for your tank. Check out this excellent article by Steve Pro for more. http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ca/cav1i1/protein_skimmer_impressions.htm .>
<Chris>

Lots of odd 180 gal Skimmer, Pump, and Sump Questions   8/26/07
Hello! As always, thank you for this incredible service you provide, it's the best help I've ever found.
<Ah, good>
I've acquired my 180gal tank and stand for my new reef (YAY!) and I've purchased a Coralife AquaLight Pro lighting system. I'm now beginning the process of purchasing sump/pump/skimmer equipment. I have a few questions though.
The tank will have these main residents, plus a couple more if I can find them. All these animals are in normal 55 gallon tank size-ranges, nothing is "huge"... yet:
Galaxea
Pagoda Cup
T. Crocea
T. Derasa
Finger Leather
Mushrooms
Zoanthids
3inch Yellow Tang
6-line Wrasse
Lawnmower Blenny
Diamond Watchman Goby
Scribbled Rabbitfish (2 if I can find them)
<Yikes... they'll all appreciate the new digs for sure>
*Skimmers: I'm essentially sold on a Euro-Reef RS-180 skimmer. While perusing the FAQ's on your site I've read questions on this skimmer with other 180gal setups to which you guys have used descriptors like "plenty" and "more than enough".
<Is a good unit, choice here>
1.) What is the most comparable Tunze model to the RS-180 and is there any reason to go that route instead?
<Mmm, not really IMO...>
2.) Are there any other brands/models out there that I should consider looking at in the same price range ($500 or less). Coralife maybe?
<Again... I would go with the Euro-Reef here>
3.) I'm "in" pretty good with the owners of one of my LFS's. They had a used Red Sea Berlin skimmer (no idea what model) that they were willing to sell me really cheap (doesn't seem to be broken, and I'd need to get a pump).
Does Red Sea even make a model worth looking at if I'm thinking in the range of the ER?
<Not in my estimation, no>
4.) Are ratings on skimmers to be trusted? Euro-Reef confused me by putting a "comparative rating" and a "realistic rating" on their skimmers. Should I compare the RS-180 to other skimmers based on the "up to 450gal" rating or the "135gal to 180gal" rating?
<Some of them... to be sure, yes... Folks "mileage will vary" and all depends on definitions of suitability, what is being measured...>
*Return Pumps: I have an in-sump Eheim 900gph pump (don't remember the model number) on my 55 that I was considering transferring to the new tank and adding another exactly like it (one for each of the two return lines).
<Good brand, choice>
1.) Would one Mag Drive 24 (2400gph) be a better route to take?
<Not IMO, no>
2.) Any other recommendations on brands/models?
<Mmm, posted... in a size, shape system as this 180, you're encouraged to look into internal pumps, possibly with controllers (Tunze, Hydor...) or better, a contained "closed loop" arrangement... Please read here: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/marsetupindex2.htm
the light blue tray>
3.) Are the "Pond Master" Mag drives the same thing (LFS says they are and I'm skeptical)?
<Mmm, quite... but... have seen where at least the screws holding the volute on were different... rusted>
4.) Is there any reason to use hard PVC as opposed to a strong tubing on either the drains or the returns?
<Some... as posted...>
Sorry for all the questions, but I don't have a Reef Club or anyone knowledgeable enough locally to ask these questions to so the questions build up... and then I turn to you guys.
Thanks again,
Eric
<I/we're very glad to assist you in your plans to design, build, stock, operate your system. Bob Fenner>

Looking For A Skimmer Upgrade – 08/21/07
Hi crew,
<<Howdy Shaun!>>
Shaun here.
<<Eric here>>
I've been using an AquaC Remora for about a year on my 80-gal reef.
<<A good skimmer>>
I have been adding frags like crazy, and I am pretty sure my bioload is just too high for it anymore.
<<I see>>
I am going to set up a sump and can't decide on a skimmer.
<<Perhaps a larger in-sump AquaC model>>
After a week on your site I am compelled to buy an AquaC EV-180 w/ a Mag7, or maybe an EV-120 with Mag5.
<<Either would suffice>>
I am also thinking Euro-Reef RS-100 or 135.
<<Mmm, I have been to the Big Island with Jason and Steve from AquaC. I consider them friends and believe their products are exceptional…but I have to admit that the ER skimmers are my current fave>>
What do you think about the ASM knock offs of the ER skimmer?
<<Function is very similar…but the materials used in the construction are nowhere near the quality of those used in the ER skimmers…thus the cheaper price>>
I was thinking about a G-2, or an Octopus.
<<Youza gets whatcha pay for…>>
I have about 30-40 SPS frags and colonies in my tank, misc zoos and 8 small fish. Any input or advice would be awesome.
Thanks,
Shaun
<<I’ll tell you straight my friend…if you have the bucks go with the Euro-Reef product…else choose an AquaC skimmer…but you won’t go wrong either way! Eric Russell>>

Please help! Skimmer sel.   8/19/07
thanks! Also, i was wondering what skimmer you would suggest for my tank?
<... posted>
the skimmers I've used in the past have all been quite disappointing! Firstly a Red Sea Prism, which was noisy and inconsistent with its skimming and now a V2 Skimmer from TMC which despite all my best efforts is letting me down. Could you suggest a good, solid, no frills skimmer that can do the job? I have no sump so it must be a hang on...hope to hear back
Clint Hamilton
<Please read here: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/hang-onskimfaqs.htm
And the linked files above... Likely the Aqua-C Remora line... Bob Fenner>

DAS skimmer   8/3/07
Hello,
I'm sorry to email you with this question, but I can't seem to find any info anywhere. I'm in the market for a new Skimmer nad I would like to know if you have any opinions on the D.A.S. Ex-1 Skimmer?
<Mmm, none directly, but am very familiar w/ other hand...>
I've searched your site and no such luck. My stand is a bit small so I've had some trouble finding the right skimmer that would work for me. I've heard some great things about it and the setup would work perfectly. Just in case my fish tank is 150g. I would love to know what you feel about it. Thank - you for your time.
--
Warmest Wishes,
David

Bigger Marine Tank Coming...Which Lighting Choice? - – 07/25/07
07/25/07
Hi again,
<<Hello Daniel>>
Thanks for the answers about lightning.
<<Quite welcome>>
I have one more question if I can take few minutes of your time?
<<Certainly>>
Protein skimmer, of course there are "hundreds" different brands on the market, but I am thinking about "Euro-Reef RS-135".
<<A great skimmer maker>>
I need really strong skimmer since my tank is gonna be BB. What do you think about my choice?
Regards'
Daniel P
<<I think you can’t go wrong with a Euro-Reef skimmer…is my current favorite. EricR>>

Skimmer Problems/Selection 7/19/07
Hey Crew.
<Hello Andy>
I have a question about skimmer selection. Currently, I have a Coral Life Super Skimmer rated for 125 gallons. I wish I had known about WWM when I was setting up my marine setup, because I would not have bought this skimmer, although when functioning properly (more about this below) it does produce a good amount of dark green skimmate.
I have a 110g display with 65-70lbs of live rock, one 4" Sailfin Tang, one 3" Brown Combtooth Blenny (which is actually dark blue and my favorite fish), one 2" Gold Stripe Maroon Clown and paired BTA, one small Royal Gramma, 2 Cleaner Shrimp, 6 or so Hairy Green Mushrooms, a small Tree Coral, about 24 small hermits, and 12 Turbos (and a few small crabs that came in with my rock). I intend to add only one more fish--a Canary Wrasse. Water parameters are 0 for ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate, pH of 8.2, calcium of 400, alk is 3.5 meq/L, and temp 77.5*-80*. Lighting is by 6 T5 HO (4 10,000K and 2 actinics). I recently added a 30 gallon refugium (probably only holding about 20 gallons of water) with 40lbs of fine aragonite sand, 4 lbs of live rock and Chaeto, with lighting by two simple fluorescent grow lights on a reverse daylight cycle.
Filtration is via a wet-dry system with bioballs (which I will probably eventually remove) and the above-mentioned skimmer (and the live rock and sand). My skimmer's pump is housed in the sump, with the actual skimmer sitting next to/outside my sump but enclosed in the cabinet. In the summer months, I probably lose about 2 gallons of water per day to evaporation (fueled in part by evaporative cooling using a fan)--I top off daily with RO/DI water. I'm sure that, even at some minimal level, the return from my pump (1250 gph Little Giant) is greater than the in-flow of water from the overflow. I use a ball valve to control return flow (tank is not reef ready), and I'm sure that the in-flow and out-flow don't match up exactly.
<That is why ball valves are needed, not uncommon.>
This is where my problem comes in.
When the water level in my sump is nice and high (4"+) (i.e., when I top it off in the morning), my skimmer works very well. However, when my water level gets low and starts to get close to the my skimmer pump intake (estimate this level to be about 3"), my skimmer is pretty much ineffective.
<There are many skimmers sensitive to water level.>
I have read in other posts that the Coral Life skimmer is inefficient in this same situation and WWM Crew have recommended that an alternative location be found for the pump. Now, I realize that this skimmer can hang on the back of my tank, but this setup it is REALLY an eyesore. The pump is huge and, in any event, does not rest flush against the back of the tank (which I could secure with a suction cup I'm sure). As you also know, this skimmer has a separate bubble diffuser that sits in the tank into which the output flows. Thus, this skimmer has a pretty large footprint that is not pretty, to say the least. I tried to put the skimmer in or on my fuge, but that doesn't work (water too deep and can't find a good hang-on spot, respectively) and, in any event, I'm worried about chomping up all my pods, etc.
Is there a good skimmer with a smaller footprint (and a reasonable price tag) that could work in my situation? I think if I could get a pump that has a lower intake, that would solve my problem.
<If you decide to keep the skimmer, you will have to incorporate an automatic top-off system to correct the problem. As for a skimmer suggestion, I would go with an AquaC. These skimmers work by spray injection and are not as sensitive to water level as your present skimmer. Go to the AquaC site, www.proteinskimmer.com and email Jason with your skimmer concerns/needs. He will be more than happy to assist you. The Urchin Pro
is probably the one I'd ask about. Should fit your needs and etails for well under $200. with pump.>
Also, totally unrelated, but I'll save you the e-mail--the lighting from my fuge does illuminate my display at night to some degree, as it sits on a separate stand next to the tank. I realize that, in the real world, the moon illuminates the reef, but I'm thinking that my illumination is probably a bit brighter than natural moon light. Any thoughts on whether such illumination can, in the long term, have an adverse effect on the health/happiness of my fish/inverts?
<Like us, fish do need rest. I can't sleep with the lights on unless I've had a few too many beers.
Try putting a divider of some kind between the two during the night.>
As always, your insight is appreciated.
<You're welcome. James (Salty Dog)>
Andy

Protein Skimmer Selection (HOTB)  7/11/07
Good day my friends-
<Hello.>
I feel I must start out like everyone else and state that you guys are my one stop "shop" for info.
<Thanks.>
You never know what you get on the internet in terms of information but without any doubt (easy sleeping at night ) you guys are the best.
<Appreciate the kind words, really we do.>
Ok ok, here's my question for the pros, please enlighten me.
<Will do my best.>
46 gallon bow, 20 pounds live rock, 15 pounds more on the way, DSB, 3 VERY small green Chromis, 6 hermits, 5-6 assorted snails, fighting conch, the usual small clean up crew. 2 AquaClear 30's powerfilter, Chemi-pure and bio ceramic deals in each.
<With the live rock, there really isn't a need for plastic/ceramic bio-media. I would keep the powerfilters around only for the occasional running of chemical media like carbon. Somewhere down the road you might even consider replacing them for a hang on refugium.>
As you see, its in my plans so spend most of my money in terms of filtering on my skimmer.
<They are essential, especially to the smaller system.>
(and frequent water changes)
<That's good too.>
I want the best, most efficient HOT skimmer.
<The economical choice is the Aqua-C Remora with the Deltec being the overpriced but very high quality unit...in this situation I don't think you can go wring with a Remora Pro though.>
I'm not a fan of BAK-PAK.
<It has it's place but considering it's price, I'd almost always opt up for the Aqua-C.>
I don't know why, they're ugly, huge and have heard less good things about them. What do you guys recommend.
<See above.>
I'm leaning towards the Aqua C remora PRO with mag drive of course.
<Good.>
oh-yeah...future plans....easy to keep mushrooms, maybe pumping xenia, polyp colonies...that's it.
<Simple, and that's a good thing.>
fish to add- mated pair clown, carpenters wrasse, pistol shrimp and watchman goby combo...and maybe one more active, small, peaceful fish if I can.
<I have a thing for bi-color blennies in small mixed-reef tanks.>
if it matters I'm working with a 196w coral life powercompact.
<Just keep in mind they burn out very quickly, lumen wise, for best results replace them every 6-9 months with 12 being the absolute limit.>
4 bulbs in all....3 true actinics and one 10,000k .
<I would go for at least two 10,000k bulbs if not three.>
What'da say on the skimmer choice.
<Sounds good.>
ALSO, what do you think with my bulb selection for what I plan to keep.
<Ooh I touche don that already too, see above ^^^ .>
You guys rock!! Could there be a better website with so many people to help us out. NO! Your #1
<Hehe, thanks, Adam J.>

Skimmer types... Not liking his AquaC  – 07/03/07
Hi crew-
Thanks for a wonderful aqua portal!
I have a CPR SR-4 in the sump of my 75g reef tank.
I am not sure about the efficiency of "Rejuvenation Venturi Technology", as they call it, and have not been thrilled with the nutrient export performance of this skimmer.
Are these low-grade skimmers?
<Mmm, no, not IMO>
I have been considering an upgrade to a used Euro-Reef RS80.
<Also a good unit, product in my estimation>
Any sense of how much better this unit might perform?
<Perhaps a bit better, but not a big difference>
Got any advice for me?
So long (and thanks for all the fish)
jimgray
<Heeee! It may be that the make-up of your system/water at this point has little to skim... Bob Fenner... Not Doug Adams, but alive... and will gladly settle for the difference>

How to improve on Eheim filter / Red Sea skimmer set-up - 06/27/07
Dear Crew
Hope you are all well.
<Thank you>
I have been reading and enjoying your pages as much as ever, but now I have to ask the 2 questions that have been bothering me since I started in the hobby 18 months ago.
<Go ahead>
I have a 40 gallon marine tank with a Red Sea Prism skimmer and 2 Eheim 'Professional' filters, 1 wet and dry and 1 mechanical. I have 5 fish, all of which look healthy and get on well : 2 true percula clowns, 2 blue tangs and a dwarf angel fish. The tank has 3 or 4 soft corals and 4 T5 tubes for lighting (2 blue, 2 white). I have quite a large amount of good quality live rock in the tank, although I am unsure of the weight of that. I use R O water only to top-up and for water changes, and test results show nil for ammonia, nitrite, and phosphate, with nitrates at around 0-15. I have no room for a sump, so will have to stick with essentially the same set-up of filters and skimmer.
Firstly, I have read that the wet and dry filter is not one of Eheim's best ideas,
<Agreed>
and that it is best to do away with some or all of the media in the filters, or even to do away with the filters completely, or run them empty of media. Am I misunderstanding anything here?
<Not as far as I can discern... this is one of Eheim's not so great engineered products>
I like the Eheim filters, partly because I spent a small fortune on them, but also because they provide all of the water movement and circulation in the tank, and they are very quiet.
<I am of the same opinion>
I have been thinking of putting a PolyFilter in the mechanical filter - is there any point in that?  What else can one put into the filters to permanently replace the present media which is so often described as a 'nitrate-factory'?
<Mmm, "denitrator" one-time purchase media... Siporax, Ehfi-Mech... other ceramic and sintered glass products...>
Secondly, is there to your knowledge a skimmer which is a similar
size/shape to the Red sea skimmer but more efficient?
<Look to the Aqua-C Remora line...>
The tank is in the lounge. I find the Red Sea skimmer easy to maintain, but a little noisy. Are skimmers necessarily noisy?
<Mmm, no... this product has a few good ideas, but was not "finished" engineering wise... Try a Remora>
I have this dream of getting nitrates down to naught and the tank looking even better that it does at the moment. Hope you can help.
Thanks.
Peter Hosier
<Thank you for sharing... And do make it known what progress you make. Bob Fenner>

Skimmer Help, op.  6/20/07
Hi
<Hello>
I have recently setup a 30 gallon salt water tank, seeded with live sand and rock (Its only 5 days into the maturing process).
I was looking to get a protein skimmer and accidentally ordered a WeiPro 2014 hang on, which seems to be for up to 150 Gal. I was wondering if I set this up would it over skim the tank (If there is such a thing). <Judging by what I've seen and heard of this product I don't think this will be a problem, it seems to have a poor reputation.. Previously I
have successfully kept marine fish/inverts but this is my first tank since giving them up 4 years ago and a lot has changed, any advice would be greatly welcomed.
Thanks
Colin
<I would probably try to return this and try to get a better skimmer, such as an Aqua-C, Deltec, Tunze, or even CPR BakPak.>
<Chris>

Which Skimmer? (Neither, Given Other Options) – 06/10/07
Hi,
<<Hello James>>
I can't decide between an Aquamedic Turboflotor 5000 Twin and the Reef Octopus 400 (one with 4 pumps).
<<No other choices here? A Euro-Reef, H&S, Bubble King, or AquaC maybe?>>
I would go for the Twin but a lot of people are raving about the Octopus.
<<I’m not yet convinced…am suspicious these are cheaply made (workmanship and materials) copycats>>
This is a big purchase for me so last stop is you guys.
<<Is/can be a large (and necessary, in my opinion) purchase for anybody, so why not go with a top of the line quality skimmer?>>
Both of these skimmers cost around the same here in South Africa. The winner is.........
<<Given these as my only choices, I would have to go with the Turboflotor for the reasons stated above. To be honest the Aquamedic skimmer would “not” be my choice given other options, but they are known to produce, even if a bit fiddly to get to work well>>
Many Thanks in advance,
James
<<Regards, EricR>>

Double Skimming? – 5/19/07
Hello,
<Hi, James>
Is it a good idea to run two skimmers at the same time?
<Sometimes. It depends on your situation.>
I have recently built a new 920 gallon system.
<Ooh, nice!>
I am using an aqua-medic 5000 baby skimmer, which is rated at 528 gallons.
<Does sound like it's a little undersized.>
It is  producing dark good quality skimmate non stop.
<And you are wondering how much it is leaving behind...>
So, I am looking at the AquaMedic 5000 twin which is rated for 1320 gallons.  Should I run the twin along with the baby or just use the twin?
<If you have room to run both while you get the new one tweaked and broken in, you will have a chance to see what both will do.  If they both continue to produce significantly, then you may want to keep both if serious skimming is your goal.  If the larger skimmer makes the original obsolete, it will be obvious.  I am running a similar experiment myself, and am soon to remove the original, as the new skimmer is removing enough that the original is not earning its keep.>
Many Thanks in advance,
James.

Skimmer Functional Questions...   5/18/07
Let's say an internal skimmer is rated for 500gph, does that mean it sucks in water and pushes it out at 500gph or does it mean it only spins the bubbles at 500gph and you will need another pump?
<Generally speaking this means that the pump on the skimmer can process 500gph of water. There are variables...Now this depends on how the skimmer is set-up and what type of skimmer it is; if you are using the same pump to feed water and air to your skimmer (how the common venturi/needle wheels are set-up) then a 500 gph pump is  probably not pushing 500gph, most likely less because you are also asking it to draw in air.  The way to circumvent this is to have two pumps (or more), one to feed only water (or you can gravity feed the water without a pump) and the other pump to recirculate, add air to the chamber for the foam-refraction to occur.>
If is pushes out at that rate and you want to slow it down, how do you do that?
<By restricting flow through some type of valve, i.e. gate valve>
Also if you can slow it down does it matter if the overflow goes directly into the intake of the skimmer or to the sump?
<I wouldn't force your skimmer to process all of your overflow water, you can T-off the overflow and use a valve to control how much water enters the skimmer.>
I want to get a Bubble King 250 Internal but it says that it is rated at3000- 10.000 l/h Air suction min. 1000 - 3.000 l/h.
<A pricey but effective skimmer.>
I will have a sump/refugium that holds 100g water but that would make it turn over 7x. I read it is better to have it around 3-5x.
<7 is okay in my book but I wouldn't want it to much higher than that, definitely not higher than 10. Adam J.>

Skimmer dilemma??? Sel., Inst.    5/16/07
Hi there,
<Ho there>
We've had our  90 RR cycling for 2 weeks without our skimmer, haven't had much free time lately.
<Okay...>
just got around to setting up the skimmer tonight and failed to check beforehand if it'll fit inside the stand.
<Yikes!>
With all the space my sump & pump take up, it'll take alot
<No such word>
to fit it in now.  I'd have to Dremel around the square base at the bottom of my Lifereef skimmer, as well as cutting out some of the bottom inside triangles on the stand
<Mmm, don't know if I'd do this...>
so I can move the sump flush against the stand.  Not something I was hoping to have to do and the tools I'd need aren't so handy I also have another option but I'm not sure if it will work.  About 4 feet away from the tank I have an armoire that I was planning on installing a future refugium in, it could easily house the skimmer with no problem.
Would I run into trouble with putting the skimmer that far away from the tank/sump?
<Nope, no worries... though I would like to mention that you should pay attention to what moisture, spray damage this gear may cause to the furniture>
The bottom of the armoire is about 3 inches off the floor, the sump is on the floor, would this be ok that they aren't on the same level surface?
<No problem... as a matter of fact, likely useful to getting the water back to the sump...>
Option 3 which I don't really want to do is look to trade the Lifereef for something that fits a little better.
Thanks for your time
<This is the best suggestion yet... Do please look into the dimensions, suitability of other lines... like Aqua-C, Euro-Reef... their dimensions are stated on their sites... Bob Fenner>

Too much skimmer??   5/12/07
Hey!  I am in the process of slowly (next year or 2) upgrading from my current 55 gallon reef system to a 135 gallon with 55 gallon sump/refugium.
I have been buying equipment gradually over the last few months so I won't be overwhelmed with the cost when the time to put the system together comes.
<Good planning>
I'm currently trying to decide on a protein skimmer and am a bit stuck.   At first I was set on the aqua c ev180, but recently started changing my mind and leaning toward the Turboflotor 1000 line, mainly due to cost.  I have read some reviews on these and they seem like a decent piece of equipment.
<Yes, just take a bit of adjusting...>
I really became interested in them when I saw the Turboflotor multi sl (http://www.aqua-medic.com/turboflotor_multi.shtml) which doubles as a hang-on or in sump skimmer.  It's rated at 120-250 gallons so I'm assuming it would suffice for my future system, right?
<Should>
Now what I really want to know is would it be ok for my current 55 gallon as a hang on, or would it be way too much of an overkill?
<Will/would be fine here as well>
I currently have a Red Sea Prizm skimmer on the 55 gallon, which is mediocre.  I figured I could purchase the Turboflotor now and kill two birds with one stone; upgrading my current skimmer and having one ready for the new aquarium.  What do you think?
Thank you in advance for your input.
Jon
<I do think this is a good plan. Bob Fenner>

New Skimmer Selection and Skimmer Set-Up    5/7/07
Hey guys,
<Hello Rich!.>
love the site!
<Thank you.>
First, my set-up:
75 gal fish only
ESHOPPS-100 wet/dry with Rio-2500 return pump
<Watch the Rio my friend...>
TurboTwist UV (on the return line)
SeaClone 100 in sump (yes, I've learned my lesson)
<I bet!>
Stock: Dog Face Puffer, Small humu, Tomato Clown, Threadfin Butterfly, Queen Angel, Dwarf Golden Moray and Baby Snowflake
<Big and messy fellows...you'll be needing new homes for most of these critters down the road.>
My question:
<On to it...>
My skimmer is in sump and simply drawing from the bottom, post-bio media. Is this set-up effective or do I need to re-plumb to draw off prior to the bio-media.  If so, suggestions?
<Well as you elude to above and again below...the first problem is the skimmer itself...the one you have isn't much more than an expensive bubble maker. Anyway, to increase the effectiveness of your skimmer, if possible, you should always have it in-line first  to process raw overflow water.  In this case you have the bio-media first, now personally I don't like using bio-media at all in your typical marine-home aquarium but that's another story.>
Yes, I'm going to replace the SeaClone.  Big mistake.
<A lesson though, an expensive one but still a lesson.>
Seems you guys favor either the EuroReef or AquaC.
<Those are both great brands, both are easy to set-up...am not using one at the moment but have in the past.  If your deciding between an Aqua-C and a Euro-reef you'll be happy with either one, both have superb customer service.>
Looks like either is a good choice.  Appreciate any insight.
<If your going to replumb the system when you get the new skimmer, you can set it up (depending on the skimmer model) in-line with the sump (not actually in the sump), you can T-off your overflow line and allow the skimmer to be fed directly with overflow water.>
Regards, Richard
<Good luck, and let me know what you decide and how it turns out, AJ.>

Re: New Skimmer Selection/Set-Up AND Some plastic Bio-media issues...    5/7/07
Thanks guys,
<Welcome.>
appreciate the quick response.
<Of course.>
From what you are describing, sounds like it may be simpler to plumb a hang on (Remora Pro??), then to rearrange everything under the tank.
<Simpler yes, as effective as a larger skimmer though?...no.>
I'll probably go that route unless there is some other pitfall I'm missing.
Interested in your thoughts on why the bio-media is not a favorite of yours.
<Use the search engine on the WWM home page and search re: plastic bio-media in marine aquarium and also look into refugiums (hint-hint).>
I'm learning every day!
<Cool.>
Thanks again, Richard
<Anytime, Adam J.>

Skimmer Problems...Looking For New Choices - 05/01/07
Hello,
<<Morning Ron>>
I was hoping that someone could pass on a little guidance and possibly some past experience.
<<Happy to share what I can...>>
My skimmer malfunctioned over the weekend causing a major flood.
<<Mmm, yes...does happen...and one reason I am fond of "in-sump" skimmer models/installations>>
I have been wanting to replace it (AquaC Remora Pro) because I have not been happy with its performance.
<<Hmm, generally a very good skimmer choice.  Have you tried contacting Jason Kim (owner) at AquaC?  I am sure he would do his best to help determine/fix the problem>>
There are so many choices and everyone says this one is great and that one is excellent.  Very confusing.
<<Indeed...and does help to hear from those who own/use the models you are interested in to help "you" make an informed decision>>
My setup is a 75 GAL with a 37 Gal sump.  My quantity of live rock is increasing every month.  I have a moderate fish load; four Tangs and the rest is small stuff.  I would like to start adding corals to the tank.  The skimmer and live rock are my primary filtration.
<<I see>>
Could you offer any suggestions to help me make a sensible choice?
<<I think I can, yes.  My current fave skimmer is the Euro-Reef.  I employ an older model CS12-3 on my system...I think the RS100 would be about perfect for your system with an average stocking load, or the RS135 if you plan to stock heavy.  Though I haven't used one myself, I've been quite impressed with what I have seen of the H&S skimmers...quality construction employing Eheim pumps...and the performance looks very similar to the Euro-Reef in my experience.  Either of these skimmer brands would serve you well>>
Thank you for your time,
Ron
<<Happy to assist...  I do think the AquaC line is also a good choice, especially for systems in your size range (excellent quality/value for the price)...perhaps their in-sump model (Urchin Pro) would suit better.  Regardless of what brand you choose, I suggest you still give Jason a call and discuss your issues with the Remora Pro.  EricR>>

Re: Skimmer Problems...Looking For New Choices - 05/01/07
Thank you so much for your help; it's time to do a little comparative shopping.
<<Yes indeedy>>
I will definitely contact AquaC.
<<Please do, at least give Jason the opportunity to address your concerns/issues...you may find you don't need another skimmer after all>>
Thanks so much.
<<Quite welcome.  Eric Russell>>

Protein Skimmer Choices...  4/26/07
How do you feel about a Coralife Super Skimmer 65 for a new 55 gallon tank?
<I would prefer another brand honestly, if you are going to use the Coralife in it's hang-on arrangement, the Aqua-C Remora would be my choice for a swap. If you are set on the Coralife I would go with the next size up, I believe it's the 125? Adam J.>

Skimmer help! Sel.  4/25/07 
Hi Crew!!!
I am in the beginning stages of setting up a 56 gallon reef system, and am finally ready to buy my skimmer.  I will be setting up a sump with a refugium, and will put the skimmer in the sump.  I have been searching your site, there is so much info!, but can not find what I am looking for.  I am looking at skimmers on the SWF
<Single White Female?>
site, and am looking at the ASM Mini G Skimmer.  Any thoughts?
<Don't know this product>
Thank you so much for your wonderful site!!
Kelly
<Please read here: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/skimselfaqs.htm
and the linked files above, including our notes on querying hobbyist users through BB's... re gear issues. Bob Fenner>

SPS lighting and skimmer questions   4/21/07
Dear Crew
Love the site. Most of my knowledge in the hobby has come straight from you guys, so I'm of course very grateful.
<Here to help>
Now on to the good stuff... I'm in the planning and development stages of a SPS dominated system with LPS's near the bottom. I'm new to SPS's and would like to do it right the first time to avoid costly mistakes. I've bought the tank already, a 225-gallon acrylic show tank, 72" wide by 30" tall by 24" deep.
<Olly’s jealous Heehee>
I plan on using two 3/4" sea swirls on the front corners and two stationary nozzles on the back corners running 24 hours a day, fed from the sump return pump. Then a closed loop with two spray bars behind the rock and two 3/4" nozzles positioned in the front/middle of the tank pointed at the rock, tied to an Oceans Motions 4-way (version 2) device that will turn on and off when the lights turn on and off to mimic tidal movements.
<Sounds a very good set-up; of course try and aim the varying outputs at each other to create added random displacement>
Sand bed will be about four inches, with lots and lots of live rock. First up is lighting. I would think that three 400-watt metal halides would be perfect; problem is my canopy lid is split down the middle into two separate lids. So to have a symmetrical look I'll need to install four bulbs. I know SPS corals like a lot of light but I'm concerned I might bleach some corals with 1600 watts of metal halides, not to mention four 96-watt PC actinics that I was thinking of using.
<”Not to mention” electric bills>
I'll be running a very powerful chiller and although the canopy is low, clearance is 8.5 inches; I'll be installing fans in the canopy and two vents directly behind the canopy with fans on the roof that will pull humid hot air up and out of the room.
<Depending on the fixture used then the clearance may be reduced significantly, I imagine you will be left with around 5-6 inches>
This should combat the intense heat produced by four 400-watt bulbs. So my question is, what combo of lighting would be best for the corals? Should I consider two 400's and two 250's? Or will four 400's be ok?
<I personally think 400’s are often used unnecessarily and a normally overkill. A tank with a depth of more than 28” is when they come into their own. For this reason I would use the combination of two 250’s and two 400’s. Or if you installed retrofit and read up on the many articles on ballast/bulb and reflector output then I think four 250’s would work fine
http://www.reefkeeping.com/issues/2007-04/jb/index.php>
On to my skimming question. I was sold on an ASM G3 but now I'm thinking... why not over skim a little and go for the G4? I have room for it, question is, is it really possible to skim TOO much? And how much is too much? The G4 is rated at 350 gallons, the G3 at 250. My Tank is 225 and I figure the sump/refugium will be around 75. But actual water volume will be much lower. I don't want a crazy amount of fish but would like to be covered in case I over do it a little ;-)
<I have no experience with this brand but looking over their products and ratings; I would go with the G4 as over skimming is a very influential part of many successful SPS systems. Also like you say, this covers the odd indulgence in future>
Looking forward to hearing from you.
Sincerely,
Chad
<Hope to have helped. On the lighting issue – I believe that part of being a Conscientious Aquarist involves striking a balance between taking from nature and maintaining what is already there. Using 400-watt halides isn’t normally necessary unless you’re striving for quicker enforced growth, and this often doesn’t materialize. However you will significantly increase the amount of pollutants affecting the wild reefs with excessive energy consumption and also spend more on this electricity which could be used to further benefit your tank from other additions. I’m not trying to sway you ^grins^ but I’d stick with 250’s – save energy, benefit your tank, feel better with yourself! Cheers and that wasn’t a lecture at you, it an opinion that I wished to share and found my incentive. Hope I’ve helped, Olly>

Skimmer et al. set up  4/14/07
Hi folks,
Thanks for the wealth of info on the site, I'm learning slowly. Our system is a 110 drilled tank with a typical wet/dry filter sump. The tank water first runs through a mechanical filter pad ( coralife pureflow
<Proper nouns are capitalized>
that I have several of and rotate every 3 or 4 days bleaching the used one and then rinsing and drying it to be used later)
<Good technique>
then trickles through the bio balls,
<I'd remove these... see WWM>
then to the open sump area where the skimmer is (aquarium life support systems 22v model venturi) then some chemical media (occasionally run ChemiPure and have started trying some stuff called Algone) then is pumped back to main tank via mag drive 950.
From reading your info I now realize this is not a great setup,
<Mmm, if you're happy with it, what it does, your maintenance...>
but I'm not sure what to do different.
<Keep reading>
I don't think I could really do a whole new sump. What if I bought an aqua c remora?
<Good product, addition here>
I haven't been really thrilled with the skimmer but is does produce some dark stuff. sometimes it gets about a cup in a week but not always. My nitrates have been about 20 ppm before my every two week water changes and about 15 ppm after. I'm changing approx. 20%. In the main tank I have about 180 lbs of live rock, 60 lbs aragonite 30 lbs live sand from GARF (about 3.5 inches thick total), 1 regal tang, 1 ocellaris clown, 1 flame angel, 1 neon goby, 1 sailfin tang, 1 royal Gramma, 2 flasher wrasses (not sure what species), and 5 green chromis. Several scarlet reef hermits, a couple of electric blue hermits, several Nassarius and turbo snails. There are quite a lot of different corals, some growing, some just kind of sitting there.
<... I'd improve this environment...>
I've been dosing a two part calcium, trace element, ph, and alkalinity additive to try to keep the calcium around 400. Lighting is a Coralife pro AquaLight with 2 150 watt 10k (5 hrs a day) metal halides, 96 watt actinic power compacts (12 hrs a day) and the 3 moon lights (some times I run them 12 hrs a day and sometimes a shut them off completely). I have two Seio 880 for circulation in addition to the filter pump. I'd like to get the nitrates lower but have been having trouble doing it. I feed one cube of formula 2  and one similar sized chunk of mysis shrimp once daily. The fish eat it all very quickly and they seem to be fairly fat and happy. I have recently started running the Algone to hopefully lower the nitrate some but haven't noticed a big drop yet. Any advice you could give would be very appreciated.
God bless you,
Dusty
<... Please read here: http://wetwebmedia.com/wdmodconv.htm
and the linked files above. Bob Fenner>

Re: Refugium....I think he's got it! – 4/13/07
Thank you very much for your advice.
<Of course.>
I have been trying to get mushrooms to grow in my tank but they always die.
<Water quality issues, cnidarian life, even those as adaptable as 'shrooms can only tolerate so many dissolve organics/nutrients in the water.>
I am really going to go and buy (or make if possible) a refugium.
<A very worthy addition.>
I have a coral life 260w power compact
(130blue +130white)
<...Fine for most photosynthetic life in this size tank, but be sure to change those bulbs out about every 9 months...12 at the very most.>
Thanks again.
<Anytime, Adam J.>

Skimmer Selection 4/13/07
Hi,
<Hello Anthony>
I am currently running a pro clear aquatics
<Oh no, another keyboard with a defective shift key.><<Heeeeee! RMF>>
Pro Clear Aquatics.>
150 wet dry with a built in protein skimmer for a 92 gallon corner tank.  This protein  skimmer has not been working so good and I <I> would like to put a new one in but the first chamber of the wet dry would only be able to fit a skimmer with a  footprint no larger than 6'' X 8.5''.  I am not sure if I <I> should try and  find a skimmer small enough to fit into this first chamber or mount the new  protein skimmer on the outside of the sump.
<There are many quality skimmers that sit outside the sump.  The return lines can be run directly back into the sump minimizing any potential flooding.>
I was also thinking  about replacing the bioballs in the second chamber with live rock and putting  the protein skimmer in this chamber.  This would leave me much more space  for the skimmer.  I am confused.  I was wondering if you would be able  to give me your thoughts/recommendations?
<Bad thing about putting it there is that this is an area where the most turbulence occurs and may lead to excessive micro bubbles in your system.>  
The tank currently has about 60  lbs of live rock in it as well as 1 Mandarin, 2 Clown Fish, 1 Six Line Wrasse, 1  Diamond Goby, and 3 Glass Cardinals.  I am planning on adding some soft  corals when I am done making the changes to the filter.  I would appreciate  any feedback.
<May want to read here and other articles concerning skimmer selection that can be found on our site.  http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ca/cav1i1/protein_skimmer_impressions.htm>
Thanks,
<You're welcome.  James (Salty Dog)>
Anthony

Sinularia sp. coral cutting? Filtration questions. Alcyoniid comp., skimmer sel.   3/31/07
Hello Bob,
I have been watching a sinularia sp coral in my 90 gallon reef for the last week since it was injured by something in the tank, (we came to the conclusion it was more than likely stung).
<I do recall this>
The dead patch on the coral seems to be spreading now, I was thinking of using a razor blade and slicing off (out) the infected (Dead) tissue then giving the coral a tech D or Lugol's solution dip directly after.
<A useful approach... Do this cutting outside the main system... of course>
The torch coral I mentioned in previous emails seems to be doing  well now, the one damaged head died off, however no sign of infection as far as  I am aware of and all of the other heads look great. I have another sinularia sp  coral same type and color about 8 inches from the injured one
<Mmm... not advised... really... in the wild, all the Alcyoniids, in fact almost all alcyonaceans are found in single species AND single genus stands... Unless these are clones, I would keep them in separate systems...>
and it seems to be  doing excellent. All other corals in the tank are doing very good.
I am putting a larger filtration system on this tank, I don't have much  room to do a larger tank as you mentioned before so I decided to put in a larger filtration system below it. I will be using a sump that while running holds 30 -  32 gallons, (full sump size 53 gallons) with 1,270 gallons per hour flowing from sump to tank. In this sump I created an area for biological media since the tank is pretty heavily stocked. The water from the overflow runs through filter floss, then through bio media, a settling chamber then over  flows into a space for activated carbon (Chemi-pure), then into a chamber  that houses a poly filter pad. From there the water goes into a large empty  area for protein skimming, temperature control, and return to the reef.  Does this sound like a good idea to you?
<Mmm, yes. Some folks would encourage the placement of the skimmer first... the chemical media last... In actual application there is little (a few percent) advantage...>
I am also putting a larger protein skimmer on the tank measurements  7" diameter, 36" to top of neck in collection cup, the skimmer will be run by a 1,100 gallon per hour pump. Would this pump be excessive to you?
<Mmm... no... if this "fits" the use of this device...>
I already have the pump and I figured that is a pretty big skimmer. This skimmer is a venturi style skimmer.
<For you and all readers, beware of "venturi" this or that... Sure, sure, it's a fun word to say, but has actually little to do with whether a skimmer is more/less "efficient"...>
The bubbles from the venturi will have to rise 30" in complete contact with the water to the neck of the skimmer. The skimmer will also have a 10" diameter cup on it to allow for more collection between cleanings. I designed the skimmer to be completely taken apart for access to all parts of it  for cleaning and maintenance,
<Ah, good!>
and when put back together it is completely sealed. The return to the sump will have a gate valve,
<Do remove the metal screw in the handle...>
and entry to the skimmer  will also have a flow control valve. I will be using 3/8" air line for the venturi that will feed into the top of the collection cup to cut down on noise.  Both lines running into and out of the skimmer are 1" diameter PVC.
Any feedback or comments on this would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you so much for your time and consideration.
Brian  Crenshaw
PS. I  also received my microscope (QX5) and the Fish Disease Diagnosis, and Treatment  book you recommended. Both are great! Thank you  again.
<Ahh! Many enjoyable and constructive hours ahead... and the sharing with others!!! BobF>

Less than Quality Protein Skimmers....to replace? (YES!) 3-13-07
Hey All.
<Hello Eric.>
I have a question about protein skimmers.
<Sure.>
I have a 75 gallon reef tank.  I recently replaced my Excalibur protein skimmer with a SeaClone 150,
<D'oh! One clunker for another.>
in large part because I had to replace the impeller in the Rio 10hf once every few months.
<Yeah these pumps....well let's just say there are others I prefer.>
Now the SeaClone is spewing microbubbles into the display, and everywhere they are sticking to the rock I am getting a funky algae.
<They aren't of great or even mediocre quality to be honest.>
However all other parameters, including phosphates, seem to be well within range.  In your opinion, should I get a new skimmer,
<The real question is should you get a skimmer at all...because in effect right now you don't have one....to be honest the ones you have now are no more than expensive aeration devices.  So in short yes I would get a new one.>
perhaps an Aqua C, mod the SeaClone, or find a different pump for the Excalibur.
<The mods I have seen for the SeaClone help but they definitely don't turn it into an A quality device in my opinion. The Aqua-C is the best choice of those you listed.>
Sorry for the long question.
<Oh to be honest this one was short and easy compared to most, thanks.>
You guys rock!
<Thanks again.>
Thanks,
<Welcome.>
Eric
<Adam J.>

Skimmer Selection (Make Sure It's Big Enough!) - 03/12/07
Hello all!
<<Howdy Brent!>>  
I emailed last week about a clown trigger, snowflake eel and an emperor angel in a 240g (96x24x24).  They would be the only fish in the tank.
<<Mmm, do keep an eye on that Triggerus reallymeanus...am sure you are aware they often become the "sole occupant" of their captive environments...>>
The tank is not up and running yet.  Still in the planning stages.
<<Ok>>
I have been reading the section on protein skimmers and can't decide which one to go with.
<<Only a handful of true options...in my opinion>>
In a lot of the emails sent in everybody seems to recommend the Euro-Reef.
<<Indeed, is my fave and what I use>>
I was curious, with the bio-load that I do have, would a Euro-Reef RS250 in-sump protein skimmer do just fine?
<<It might, though I think it may be "borderline" with this tank/mix of large messy feeders...the RC250, or the CS400 would likely be better choices and give you greater flexibility "down the road">>
If not, could you recommend a reputable brand that would do a great job?
<<As stated, Euro-Reef is "my" current favorite, but do have a look at the offerings from AquaC and H&S...maybe even Deltec>>
Once again your opinion is of great value to me.
<<And I'm happy to proffer it>>
Thank you for all the time and effort all of you put in.
<<Quite welcome>>
It is very reassuring to have somewhere to turn for knowledgeable advice.
<<We're pleased to be of service>>
Thank you,
Brent
<<Regards, Eric Russell>>

Re: Skimmer Selection (Make Sure It's Big Enough!) - 03/12/07
Thanks for your quick reply!
<<Very welcome>>
Brent here again to bug you with one more question.
<<No worries mate>>
I am considering an ozonizer.
<<Ah, very good...is a worthwhile addition in my opinion, especially on larger systems>>
I have read the FAQ's about ozonizers on the web site and I am still not sure how they work.
<<Mmm, several different methodologies (e.g.- UV, hot-spark, cold-corona discharge) but the end result is the same...oxygen molecules sporting an "extra" oxygen atom that makes the molecules very unstable and reactive to their environment>>
Could an ozonizer be used with a Euro-Reef RC250 protein skimmer?
<<Indeed it can.  I use a 250mg unit in conjunction with my ER CS12-3>>
Could you recommend a good brand to go with the Euro-reef RC250 protein skimmer?
<<I can...Ozotech.  These units are high-end units and cost accordingly, but will outperform/outlast the other "hobby grade" units available>>
Would you recommend an ozonizer at all?
<<I would, yes.  I believe an ozonizer compliments a skimmer by breaking down (burning up) organic waste molecules...changing complex chemical compositions to "simple" compounds more readily "skimmed" or otherwise utilized by the system, and eliminating “yellowing” compounds for unparalleled water clarity (better/more efficient than carbon in my opinion).  There may be some concern over excess bromine generated as a by-product of ozone reaction with bromide (part of that breakdown of compounds I mentioned), but I have yet to notice any ill effects I would associate with this though admittedly it is not an avenue I have spent much time pursuing.  I guess my bottom line would be the benefits outweigh any negative aspects…in my opinion>>
Once again I am in the planning stages.  I am buying a 240g (96x24x24).  I plan to put a clown trigger (I am aware of the clown's temperament and at the slightest hint of aggression I am prepared financially to put him/her in another large system dedicated to the clown), emperor angel and a snowflake eel in the tank.
<<Excellent to know>>
With about 250 lbs of live rock and a 2-3" deep live sand bed.  Would a refugium also be beneficial?
<<Added water volume is always beneficial...and a large vegetable refugium to help process organics would help...but in your case, the addition of a fluidized-bed filter to help cope with "rapidly" fluctuating bio-levels might be of a greater benefit>>
Thank you for your thoughts.  They are always greatly appreciated.
Brent
<<Always happy to share.  Eric Russell>>

Aqua-Medic Mini/Midi Flotor, skimmer sel.    2/27/07
Hi guys,
  what a great service you guys have done to the community! Thank you!!
<Welcome>
I am new in the reef keeping, I have a 55-gal acrylic tank with a small 15 gal sump.
I would like to add a skimmer in the sump, unfortunately, there's a very little space left free of sand.  This area (12" x 7") is to be shared with the return pump.
<Mmm, big enough...>
I am considering Excalibur HV1
<Mmm, isn't this a HOB (Hang on the Back) model?>
which you recommend highly, however, this might be slightly too large (4"x6" footprint).
<Should fit...>
My second option is the Aquamedic MINI/MIDI FLOTOR (which is a sibling of TurboFlotor).
What's the performance of these MINI/MIDI Flotor? How does it compare to BakPak II?
<I think these are all comparable function-wise... the AM product a bit harder to initially adjust... but all three would work>
Looking forward to hear your advice.
Thanks,
Moeljo
<Welcome. Bob Fenner>

Lifereef Skimmer, sel. period for a 600 gal. SW   2/27/07
Just one quick question today, I have had a 180 gallon for 6 months now. My skimmer is Lifereef VS3-30 powered by a Mag 12. I love my skimmer and everyone has their opinions on which is the best. The Lifereef is simple to use and keep tuned and pulls a full 1-2 cups of nog per week.
Million dollar question: If you were going to set up a 600 gallon reef what skimmer would you use?
<Mmm, either one or more Euro-Reef products, but would consider a Deltec...>
I am thinking to just go with what I know and get a Lifereef VS3-72 (rated to 1500 gallons--I always double what its rated for) But there are so many custom and well known high dollar skimmer's out there that seem to work just as great. Deltec is seen many times on huge beautiful tanks. IMO the skimmer is the engine and I want to make sure there's not a diesel out there I would be more happy with even though my V6 is doing just fine. thanks Jeff
<And am hoping still for the advent of RK2 hobbyist sized units... Bob Fenner>

ATI Bubble master 250. Skimmer Choices    02/17/07
I would like to know your opinion of the following skimmer:
<Okay.>
ATI Bubble master 250.
http://blueribbonkoi.com/catalog.cfm?catalog_id=341
<It is efficient...There are other options (as always) but I do not think you would be disappointed.>
It uses the thread wheel technology and skims very well. I have seen one at the LFS.
<Sounds like you have your answer.>
However, I am trying to see what other Needlewheel/thread wheel skimmers are available in this price range (~$800).
<Euro-reef, ASM, Octopus skimmers, H&S, Deltec...and more.>
I will be setting up a 315g reef tank, primarily fish (combination of angelfish, tangs, and butterflies), but some LFS corals and clams.
<Research carefully.>
  I need a skimmer that is rated for 400-500 gallons. I am not a fan of the downdraft skimmer (i.e. ETSS).
<Nor am I.>
Any suggestions you can give is appreciated.
Thanks,
<Of course.>
Kirk
<Adam J.>

Re: Filtration Options   2/6/07
Thank you, Adam.
<Anytime.>
You guys really burn the midnight oil!
<Well I work graveyard so I'm nocturnal by nature...you can call my house at 4am but don't dare think about calling before noon lol.>
Right now I have two prism's hanging on the back for protein skimming. I'm not happy with the performance and am considering a Deltec hang on MC500 skimmer.
<Now that's a worthy upgrade.>
Although the cost is a little prohibitive, it's rated for up to 170 gallons with normal stocking and 100 gallons for heavy stocking. Do you recommend Deltec?
<If you hang on this is the top-of-the-line hang on skimmer....price tag to match too.>
Can you recommend a protein skimmer that would be effective for my 125 gallon aquarium that is more economical?
<Remora Pro if it modestly stocked.>
Thanks Again, Mark
<Anytime, AJ.>

Protein Skimmer For A 210 Gallon Tank 2/1/07
Dear Crew,
<Paul>
I have a brand new Aqua C Remora HOB protein skimmer. I originally planned on setting up a 75 gallon FOWLR which is what the Aqua C was planned for. However, good fortune has allowed me to get a 210 gallon tank instead.  I know the Aqua C would not be enough for this size tank.
However, I can't return it and know how well they work.  In your opinion would I be okay if I added another Aqua C Remora and use two together.  Additionally, since I will now be able to have a sump, would it be okay to use the HOB type and one in the sump.  I thank you for your time and help as you have assisted me in the past as well.
<Sure, no such thing as overskimming.  You may be surprised with the AquaC HOB.  My feeling is they are underrated and you may be fine with this providing your animal load isn't too high.  If nuisance algae starts to invade the system, then go with an additional skimmer.  You may want to try and sell it on EBay or elsewhere and just buy one large enough for your tank.
James (Salty Dog)>
Paul Demas

Re: Skimmer Advice, Cyano   1/28/07
The skimmer is a Sea Clone 100 Instant Ocean by marine land.
<One of the most infamous skimmers in the marine hobby, it notoriously difficult to tune this machine to be consistent and reliable….to put it lightly.  By having the adjustment valve removed I would assume you are allowing the maximum amount of air/oxygen possible in this machine….but as I mentioned it’s just historically not a highly praised piece of machinery.>
All water conditions such as nitrite, nitrate, pH., ammonia, alk etc. are all well. My problem is that I developed a purple slime on my sand and have discovered that is not a Algae but is a bacteria. little concerned.  
<Search WWM re: cyanbacterium/blue-green (red) hair algae….there is likely a root problem here either dealing with the chemistry (phosphates/dissolved organics) or even improper (old) bulbs lighting schemes…water flow is to be considered as well.>
:-(   Virginia
<Adam J.>
> Skimmer advice...but what type?   1/28/07
> I have a 72 bow saltwater reef tank. I find that my protein skimmer
> works best if I take the adjustment regulator off completely. Skimmer
> becomes a little noisy but works great. Am I hurting the skimmer? I am
> using a Aqua Clear 110 for filtration, seems to be fine. I am told that I should be on a sump.
> <Virginia I would love to answer this question but without more detail I don't think I can give you the information you are looking for...what type of skimmer (brand? design? size? pump model/size?) Also how is the skimmate production...tank parameters?>
> Virginia
> <Adam J.>