pH acclimatization while moving Plecos 4/6/2009
Hi WWM crew!
<Patrick>
I have a question regarding moving two L134 Plecos from a 10G holding tank with a pH around 6.5 to a 40G breeder with pH of 8.1.
<Mmm, well... first off... I wouldn't do this... this pH is too high for this species. Please read here:
http://plecoking.blogspot.com/2007/04/l134-leopard-frog-pleco-profile.html
and the linked breeding article embedded>
They've been in the 10G for a few weeks as it was the only tank I had that had the same pH as their source water. I am looking for some advice on what would be a safe period of time to bring the pH up to 8.1 while moving these guys. I've heard a lot of differing advice on other forums where people suggest shifting pH over weeks.
<I agree with this>
I find that sort of suggestion somewhat unpractical as the tank they're in settles at pH 6.5 even though my tapwater is around 8.0 (not sure why as it's the only tank that does this)
<Some thing/s in the tank are bolstering... rock, gravel, ornaments...>
so adding water to change the pH probably won't work or the volume of water required will shock the fish.
<Mmmm>
How much time should I take to acclimate these guys?
--
Patrick
<Weeks... if you're intent here... but I would not do this. Instead, read Neale's excellent articles on hardness et al... and mine on pH, Alk.:
http://wetwebmedia.com/FWSubWebIndex/fwph,alk.htm
and the linked files above... And seek the source of your high pH, fix it, and keep this species in a lower range. Bob Fenner>

Pleco... damaged?   2/5/09
Hi
I couldn't find an answer to my question on your website or through Google.
If I missed it I apologise.
I have a 15" Pleco that seems to be in good health except that it appears to have one scale missing from it's side, showing what looks like the bone (white skin ?) underneath. There are no marks, sores, scrapes, red or cloudy areas, it just looks like one small scale has been removed. I have put a fin-rot medication in the tank as about 8 months ago it lost about 1 inch of one fin spike to what I presumed was fin rot - this never grew back but it stopped rotting and has been good since, but the medication seems to have had no reaction either way, good or bad. Could this just be where the Pleco has rubbed against something in the tank or should I be more suspicious ?
Thank you for being there and apologies for the long winded question
Regards
Chris
<Hello Chris. Catfish don't have scales, and what look like armoured plates on Plecs are in fact thick pieces of skin. They do get damaged sometimes, most commonly either through heater burns or through Plec-to-Plec violence.
Heaters can be very dangerous with catfish generally, because if a catfish nestles under a heater that is cool at the time, and the heater switches on, the catfish might not realise until it's been burned. (Presumably, their plates of skin aren't sensitive to heat, so they can't tell they're being burned until the heat has travelled deeper into the body.) Aggression between Plecs is common and yet often ignored by retailers and hobbyists.
If adult Plecs are kept in the same tank, e.g., at a pet store, it is not uncommon for the dominant Plec to scrape the skin away from the weaker ones. Some Plec species are worse than others, with Acanthicus, Panaque, and Pterygoplichthys spp. particularly nasty towards rivals. In extreme cases, deaths can result. Now, Finrot or some similar bacterial infection is a possibility, so treating against them is wise. Do also check water quality: Plecs are big, messy fish that put a lot of stress on their environment. It's hard to keep an adult the size of yours in a tank less than 250 litres (55 Imperial gallons), even allowing for a robust filtration system and copious water changes. Cheers, Neale.>

Re: Pleco, injury, heater? 2/5/09
Thank you so much for the comprehensive answer.
I am going to keep an eye on the Pleco for any repeat sores. There is only one Pleco in the tank, (tank is 48" x 24" x 18") so it may be water (which is changed (20%-25% weekly) and well filtered, or the heater.
Thank you again for your excellent help.
Regards
Chris
<Happy to help. Do look for a heater guard (a simple plastic mesh that encases the heater) or else use an external heater like the Hydro ETH units or the Eheim Thermo--filters. Tank is a bit small, so be aggressive water changes, and check the nitrite level periodically. Cheers, Neale.>

Violet Gobies, and Loricariid sys.   -08/27/08
Hi my name is Shawna and I have 2 violet gobies and 1 leopard Pleco that is roughly 4 to 5 inches long. I have the gobies in a 10 gallon brackish water tank.
<Too small... the Violet Gobies (Gobioides spp.) are territorial and very large. You can expect them to reach 30-50 cm/12-20 inches under aquarium conditions and depending on the species involved. They will fight over hiding places. The Leopard Plec (Glyptoperichthys gibbiceps) gets to about 30-45 cm/12-18 inches. It is a freshwater fish and cannot be kept in brackish water. The Violet Gobies will need SG 1.005-1.010, and that is far too saline for these catfish.>
Will my Pleco do good in the tank with them?
<None of these fish will do well in a 10 gallon tank, and you need something 5 times the size just for the two Gobies, let alone the catfish. They can't be combined either. Do see here:
http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ca/volume_3/cav3i3/Dragon_Gobies/Dragon%20Gobies.htm
>
Thanks.
<Cheers, Neale>

Can you help please ????? Backgrounds in tank and FW algae eaters   4/19/08
Hello crew,
I recently bought a Jewel 300 litre tank to replace a 100 litre tank which cracked . I also bought a Jewel 3d background of some rocks, which was very nice. However over a period of a couple months the design on the 3d background started coming off !! So I called the petshop I bought the tank from and they said they would replace it , the owner off the shop said it happened because I have a small algae eater (approx.10cm.). I have never seen the algae eater on the background and thought that the reason for the design came off was because of a faulty pair of background tiles . I would appreciate your opinion on this matter , have you heard of this before ? Could it be my flow off the pump is flowing wrong direction (water getting pushed to back off tank)? Hope you can help as I'm waiting to find out if I should put in the new tiles or take out my algae eater first . Happy Xmas.
<Hello Andre. Some algae-eating fish can, will destroy textured backgrounds. The Juwel ones are made from expanded polystyrene or epoxy foams. The basic material is one colour, but there is paint applied to the outside to make it look more attractive. In any case, Panaque spp. catfish for example simply shred them. So what you report is not at all surprising. They cannot be used with Panaque spp., and probably not other medium to large Loricariidae. Cheers, Neale.>

Pleco in small tank or aggressive tank? -04/11/08
I recently bought a 20 gallon high tank that included 3 fish; an 8 inch Pleco, a 3 inch Pink Gourami, and a Guppy. They all get along fairly well but I'm afraid the tank is just too small for the Pleco, especially if he continues to grow.
<I'm assuming we're talking about a Hypostomus plecostomus, those "classic" Plecos it seems like everybody has? If so, yes, he'll get huge (like, possibly almost 2ft).>
I was considering moving him to my 130 gallon tank but i am unsure how he would do with, not only the different water conditions, but the Cichlids as well. Currently in the big tank are two 6 inch Jaguars, two 2 inch Jaguars, a 9 inch Flowerhorn, a 4 inch Convict, a 2 inch Convict, a 3 inch Jack Dempsey and a 4 inch Tiger Shovelnose Cat. All are at least somewhat aggressive and the Flowerhorn is just downright mean. I would hate to leave the Pleco in a tiny tank but I would also hate to see him beaten and nipped to death by territorial Cichlids. From what I've read, the chances of a Pleco thriving in a Cichlid tank are very circumstantial
<I think an 8in Pleco stands a decent chance in this tank. Btw, have you ever touched this fish? ...not exactly an appetizing texture (even for a Cichlid). ;-)>
and I'm just too scared to risk it without some professional advice. Any information you could give me would be very helpful.
<If you have enough rockwork in the Cichlid tank for the Pleco to hide around, I'd go ahead and give it a try. You can always remove the Pleco if the other fish are too aggressive towards it. But it definitely shouldn't stay in a 20gH!>
Thanks.
<De nada,
Sara M.>

Pleco... sys., moving  03/16/08
Greetings to the Crew,
<And you Tom>
I have a 180 gal FW tank. (72x24x24) I have mostly smaller fish, including a nice school (20) of Boesemanni rainbow fish.
<Gorgeous here I'd bet>
Here's my difficulty. I have two Plecos, which in the last 12 or so years have grown rather large. In fact, the largest of these is over 12 inches and beefy. How long could/should I leave this fish in my tank?
<Mmm... kind of a hard question (which is good)... on the one hand... the tank is large enough to accommodate this animal... OTOH, it might be more "beautiful" and functional to have some smaller species, individuals...>
I'd like to donate him to my LFS, which has an indoor "pond" where I think he'd be happy.
<Oh, a good choice>
My wife would like to keep him because we raised him from very small. He mostly doesn't mess with the other fish, although he does have an occasional "tantrum" where he chases all the other fish out of a small area. Then, he goes off under a rock to sulk. For my part, though I'd like to donate him, I dread the catching part.
<Best to do with your gloved hand... pinning down while in the tank, maybe doing a good-sized water change... I move mine "back and forth" every few weeks twixt systems this way>
Your thoughts would be appreciated.
Tom
<Mmm, perhaps explaining to your wife that the Pleco might be far happier in larger circumstances... Bob Fenner>

Background Tiles, FW... Loricariid sys.    1/5/08
Hello crew,
<Hello,>
I recently bought a Jewel 300 litre tank to replace a 100 litre tank which cracked . I also bought a Jewel 3d background of some rocks, which was very nice. However over a period of a couple months the design on the 3d background started coming off !! So called the pet shop I bought the tank from and they said they would replace it , the owner off the shop said it happened because I have a small algae eater (approx.10cm.). I have never seen the algae eater on the background and thought that the reason for the design came off was because of a faulty pair of background tiles . I would appreciate your opinion on this matter , have you heard of this before ? Could it be my flow off the pump is flowing wrong direction (water getting pushed to back off tank)? Hope you can help as I'm waiting to find out if I should put in the new tiles or take out my algae eater first . Happy new year
<Yes, algae eaters of all types can be hard on 3-D backgrounds. The problem is the scraping teeth these fish have. My Panaque nigrolineatus has literally covered every piece of plastic in my Juwel 180 with scratch marks. She'd shred any 3-D background in no time. The result is any paint or dye applied to a 3-D background quickly gets worn off. If you want to use a 3-D background, your best bet is to use plants for algae control rather than fish. Plants do a better job anyway. If you want fish to spot clean the odd tuft of algae, switch instead to nibblers rather than scrapers: Florida flagfish, Platies, Cherry Shrimp, Amano Shrimp, and so on. In any case, once your Gyrinocheilus aymonieri gets even a little bigger, it will start hammering any fish kept with it. They are seriously unpleasant fish that should only be mixed with heavy duty cichlids and Loricariids able to fight back. Adult Gyrinocheilus aymonieri don't clean the algae from the tank anyway, and prefer meaty/wormy foods along with soft vegetables, algae pellets, etc. Cheers, Neale.>

Re: L-25 Scarlet Pleco feeding, now sys. 12/9/07
Neale,
Sorry for the multiple replies, but I forgot one quick question. My tank dimension is approximately 60"L x 24.5"D x 27"H, give and take a few.
<Around 168 US gallons.
Anyhoo, I have three Fluval 405 canisters evenly spread out along the back side (Length) of the tank. Do you think this is enough circulation for this type of Pseudacanthicus sp. (Scarlet Pleco) coming from the Rio Xingú?
<Should be fine. Fluval 405 filters have a turnover of 340 gallons per hour (when empty of media and place at the same level as the aquarium, not under it, anyway). So 4 filters gives you a turnover of 1,360 GPH. That's about 8 times the volume of the tank. Comfortably in the "safe zone".>
I was thinking about adding the Vortech MP40W powerhead to one end of the tank to create a river condition.
<Not a bad idea at all. Loricariids appreciate extra water flow, especially those from major river systems. In addition, you do have the extra problem of Xingu fish needing slightly warmer water than other fish, while being less tolerant of poor oxygen concentration. While no filter or pump can compensate for overstocking, the more circulation, the better.>
Or is it even necessary in my case?
<Depends on the size of the fish and the stocking level of the tank. You should be fine with just the canister filters, but adding a powerhead or two is a cheap and effective way to improve conditions if you find water quality is good but the fish is still lethargic or otherwise unhappy. This said, Pseudacanthicus have proven to be adaptable, and provided your retailer has acclimated the fish to local conditions and "taken the hit" in terms of fish that didn't tolerate shipping, a well-fed, lively specimen is a sound investment and should do very well.>
Thanks a lot once again. Sorry to be such a bother. Andy
<Happy to help, Neale.>
 

Pleco with weird spots – 10/30/2007
Hello,
<Hello.>
I have, what I assume, is a common Pleco (Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus). He looks like the picture that appears with this name.
<Also check Pterygoplichthys pardalis; the two species are sold interchangeably as "Common Pleco" and are easily confused. There are other Pterygoplichthys that might be traded too. All very similar.>
He is approximately 4 years old and 13 inches long.
<Ah, still a young 'un! Maximum size of Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus is 50 cm. These are BIG fish.>
I got him when he was less than 2 inches long and started in a 10 gallon tank to a 20 gallon tank and now in a 55 gallon tank.
<Yes, they grow fast!>
The tank has good filtration, 2 bubble curtains for aeration and is sparsely decorated so he has room to move around with ease but he can hide. Although, he likes to be out in the open and comes up to the front of the tank to see me. His only tank mates are a pair of zebra Danios.
<Sounds fine. But you might want to add some more Danios.>
I feed him: algae tabs, veggie tabs, cucumbers, occasionally water melon, he cleans up any left over fish flakes and he keeps the tank algae free.?
<All good. But do also try carrot, sweet potato, Sushi Nori and courgette. Cucumber is 99% water, so not really good for anything much, though I agree that all Plecs seem to love it. Do also add some bogwood, which Plecs seem to use as a source of fibre. The odd prawn or mussel will also be welcomed, maybe once a week. Pterygoplichthys is an omnivore rather than a strict herbivore.>
I was having a hard time keeping the tank water clean and water conditions stable.
<No surprise. Welcome to the Big Catfish = Dirty Tank club. I was thinking of having some jackets made up.>
He was producing a lot of waste.
<You're effectively keeping a cow in an aquarium. So expect masses of faeces. On the plus side, there's hardly any ammonia in them, so the ammonia and nitrite will stay low. It's more a cosmetic problem, though obviously a clogged-up filter is a Bad Thing.>
My filters were constantly dirty regardless of how often I rinsed them out or put a clean one in.
<Normal. That's why you need something around 6 times the volume of the tank in turnover, and ideally 10 times. In other words, in a 55 gallon tank, you need filters with ~ 300 to 500 gallons per hour turnover.>
It was suggested to me, to add "Waste Control Organic Waste Eliminator" by Nutrafin and "Nutrafin Cycle Biological Filter Supplement" to help break down my Plecos waste and any left over food. This has solved my water condition problems.
<Can't think why. Neither product sounds magical, especially the latter, which is basically unnecessary in a healthy aquarium. The solid waste produced by your catfish is mostly cellulose. It will break down over time, but it is messy. Because it contains minimal nitrogen, its effect on water quality is virtually zero. Here's my strategy: arrange your gravel so one of the corners is shallower than in the rest of the tank. The filter current should push the faeces into this "crater" over time. Each day, you can siphon out the unsightly waste.>
I noticed he had a round brownish looking spot on the side of his head towards the top. I actually thought he had gotten a burn from the heater. He likes to get close and suck on the heater at times. Today, I noticed he has several spots that are roundish in shape, brownish in color and have a light white fuzz like coating on top of the spots. I had to use a magnifying glass to see the white fuzz. I do not recall these spots before I added the "Waste Control Organic Waste Eliminator" by Nutrafin and "Nutrafin Cycle Biological Filter Supplement".
<Hmm... the fuzz is fungus and needs to be treated immediately. The heater MUST have a "heater guard" around it. These are plastic tube-shaped grills. Some heaters come with them anyway. If yours doesn't, go buy a heater guard. Put it over the heater. That will prevent heater burns. What you are describing is quite common, and easily prevented.>
His overall color is good, he is eating and moving around the tank as normal. Do you have a suggestion of what these spots are and what I should do?
<The fungus is eating up dead skin caused by heater burns.>
Thanks,
Julie
<Good luck, Neale>

Pregnant Zebra Danio 10/2/07
Hello,
<Hi there>
I have a 55 gallon tank with a 13 inch Plecostomus,
<Yikes! Needs more room... or to be traded in for a smaller individual>
3 zebra danios(2 females, 1 male). My problem is with one of the female danios.? She appears to be very very pregnant.? She is huge.? Her skin appears to have cracks? running down the side and underneath her belly. She is eating and swimming.? She will not release any eggs. I am assuming that is what she should be doing. Do you have any advice on what I could do to help her out? It looks like she is going to explode.
Thanks,
Julie
<Likely some sort of gut blockage... what do you feed and how? Please read here re possible Epsom Salt treatment: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/FWSubWebIndex/saltusefaqs.htm
Bob Fenner>

Re: Pregnant Zebra Danio... Lg. Pleco in small world  10/3/07
Hello,
<Hi there>
Thank you for your reply about my problem with my pregnant danio.
<Welcome>
However, I was taken back by your response to me having a 13 inch Plecostomus in a 55 gallon tank.
<Yes... the fish is as long as the width of this tank...>
I don't have the tank over loaded with plants or decorations so he moves around easily.
<Mmm... do you know which species of Loricariid this actually is? There are some that would/might be stunted here...>
I see him swimming on his side, upside down, enjoying the bubble curtains - eating the algae all over the tank. He "appears" happy and able to move around freely. I have moved him from a 10 to 20 to 55 gallon tank as he has grown from 2 inches to 13 inches in the last 4 years. I am a novice at the Plecos and didn't have any idea of what I was getting into.
Could you explain this to me in a little for detail please - this fish has become a part of my family - my husband thinks I love the fish more than him (haha)- as I sit and talk to the fish and just watch the fish's personality unfold daily.
Thanks,
Julie
<Do take a look on fishbase.org re the family... some of the species listed... This fish really does need more room still. BobF>

Guppy fry and Sailfin catfish (L83)  6/12/07
Hi,
<Ave!>
I have several aquariums with fancy guppies fry. I keep 1 sailfin catfish (L83) in every tank and they do a great work.
<Very good.>
However - I have 2 questions:
1. How much salt can be added to the aquarium while the sailfin is there? what about Epsom salt? (due to guppies with constipation).
<I'd personally not use Epsom salts here but instead simply feed the right diet. Guppies shouldn't get constipated because they are so easy to feed on the right foods. Stop using generic fish flake if that's what you're using. Instead, use livebearer flake, Sushi Nori, thin slices of cucumber, tinned peas, etc. The good thing is any leftovers will be scarfed up by the catfish. Only add small amounts of animal protein, ideally "high fibre" things like brine shrimp and daphnia. The problem with Epsom salts is used routinely they can interfere with the normal digestive processes of the fish. Think of Epsom salts as the equivalent of laxatives in humans. Used to treat an acute case of constipation makes sense, but if the person is regularly constipated, then laxatives aren't the solution, a change of diet is.>
2. Can it be that the sailfin will eat live guppy fry? I'm also certain that I've seen one do it yesterday, while it was looking for the algae wafer. It was moved to another tank.
<Potentially I suppose it's possible but hardly likely. Under normal circumstances the guppy fry should be at the top of the tank and swimming too quickly to be eaten by this catfish. Possibly your catfish will eat a sick (or stupid) guppy, but hey, that's Nature taking care of culling the poor quality stock!>
Thanks,
Shay.
<Cheers, Neale

Re: Guppy fry and Sailfin catfish (L83)  6/12/07
Thanks for the answer.
<No problems.>
About the feeding:
I mainly feed the fry with live or frozen baby brine shrimp, Kenfish.com kens premium growth meal (size 00 and later 01), Hikari Tropical Fancy guppy and Hikari Tropical first bites.
<All fine foods, but the accent with these foods is on protein rather than vegetables. There's no escaping the fact guppies are partly herbivorous, and they need some algae in their diet. Just the same as with humans: give us a high-protein diet and we may put on weight quickly, but our health isn't otherwise very good.>
I use automatic feeders to feed all of the above 5 times a day, and give the baby brine shrimp twice a day after the dry food.
<OK, but do try and focus on the veggies.>
It might be that the constipation isn’t really constipation. Occasionally a fish will have a swollen up belly, becomes grey, doesn’t eat (even live brine shrimp), stays at the bottom and dies after several days. Growth rate is good, and water is kept at 25-28c, changed every 2-3 days 50%. What could be the cause to that?
<There's always a certain number of baby fish that don't survive. The reasons are various. Diet is one factor. Genes are another. Water chemistry/quality a third and fourth. At the end of the day you can't really expect every single baby fish to make it. You seem to be doing all the right things, so I wouldn't worry too much. Optimise water chemistry and quality. For guppies, a fairly high pH and hardness level is needed.>
Thanks again,
Shay.
<Cheers, Neale>

Plecos, hold the salt please – 5/30/07
Hello,
<<Hello, Julie. Tom with you.>>
I have a question about adding salt to my freshwater tank. I have a 55 gallon tank. Currently, it contains black mollies, gold balloon belly mollies, zebra danios and one 12 inch Pleco.
<<Hmmm…okay. Mollies are typically categorized as “brackish” water fish, Julie. Your Pleco has little, if any, tolerance for salt. Not ideal but let’s see what we can do.>>
My problem - the black mollies have ich and I am having trouble getting rid of it. I read that my tank needs salt and this will aid in getting rid of and keeping the ich out of my tank.
<<Salt is one of the “safest” ways to go, Julie, but not the only one. In this case, a “treatment” level of salt for Ick will do your Pleco no good whatsoever. We need to look for an alternate course of action.>>
I also read that my Pleco will not do well with too much salt in the water.
<<True.>>
Is there a certain amount of salt that I could add to my tank that might help my mollies but not hurt my Pleco?
<<In this case, Julie, there isn’t. Plecos can “tolerate” no more than a dosage of one tablespoon of salt per five gallons of water and even that is “iffy”. You’d likely need to up this to around two-three tablespoons per five gallons to effectively do battle with this parasite. Not an option, I’m afraid. You should consider Maracide here. Not quite as effective as other forms of treatment but “scaleless” fish seem to do quite well with this treatment. ‘Quick Cure’ is a formulation of formalin and malachite green which is very effective, particularly when combined like this but, it does have “safety” drawbacks as it’s toxic to fish and plants if dosing isn’t done properly or, if treated for a prolonged period. Treatments with this product can be very successful when half-dosed in 12-hour intervals, however. I’d go with the Maracide here, though. If this were a more serious outbreak, I’d direct you to go with the Quick Cure but I’d rather that you feel comfortable with this rather than put you on the spot. Also, remember to increase the temperature of the tank to 82-86 degrees F. over a period of several hours to speed up the life cycle of the Ick.>>
Thanks,
Julie
<<You’re welcome, Julie. Best of luck. Tom>>

ACF, Pleco and small goldfish (feeders)   5/22/07
I have had 3 small goldfish in a nice 10 gallon tank for 2 years. I have a top fin 10 filter.
<To start with, a 10 gallon tank is too small for adult goldfish, and at some point the pollution they produce will start degrading their health.>
Algae started to grow in the tank, so we were told to buy a Pleco.
<Algae is not eliminated by adding any animals. The reverse in fact: more fish = more nitrate in the water = faster rate of algae growth. The "add a catfish" idea is a myth and cannot scientifically work unless the catfish ate the algae in the aquarium and then went out the tank and into the outhouse to excrete all the ammonia there instead.>
We went to PetLand discounts, got the Pleco (about 1 ½”) and next to that tank were the cutest frogs. I never realized there were
under water frogs, or knew anything about them, but my daughter wanted one, so we bought one.
<No offense, but buying animals you know nothing about is hardly sensible and sets a poor example to children, i.e., that animals are toys not responsibilities.>
Now we realize it is an African Clawed Frog. We bought these 5 days ago. We feed the fish blood worms, so we figured the frog would eat this too. Anyway, we woke up today, and all 3 of our fish are dead.
<Oh dear. Dare one ask if you'd done any water tests recently? Usually when fish die "all of a sudden" the issue is water quality, not disease. Besides, your 10 gallon tank is WAAAYYYYY overstocked and the little filter overwhelmed. A Plec can reach 30-45 cm depending on the species, and needs a tank at least 30 gallons and preferably 55 gallons in size. Your goldfish potentially reach 30 cm and the record is 60 cm, so again, BIG fish.>
The frog and the Pleco seem to be doing fine.
<Probably because the loading in the tank has "crashed" down to a safe level where the aquarium and filter can cope.>
Do you think by introducing the frog and the Pleco to the tank this killed our fish?
<Most likely, yes.>
I feel so bad.
<Don't feel bad, but do try and learn. Fish and frogs are animals, just like cats and dogs, and you wouldn't impulse purchase a dog, would you? So, look over the site and read the articles on goldfish and Plecs: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/FWSubWebIndex/gldfshsystems.htm and http://www.wetwebmedia.com/FWSubWebIndex/loricariids.htm .>
I am going to go out and buy 2 more frogs, and just keep the frogs and Pleco in the tank, and not add fish. Is this what I should do?
<Sounds about right. There are two kinds of aquatic frog in the hobby, a dwarf species that gets around 5 cm long and the regular species that gets to around 15 cm long. Both are interesting, hardy animals, but do research their needs.>
Thank you,
Laura
<No problems. Good luck! Neale>

Re: ACF, Pleco and small goldfish (feeders)   5/22/07
Thank you for your quick response. This morning when I  woke up, the Pleco was also dead!
<Oh dear. I'm afraid to say that this isn't uncommon. It sounds as if your aquarium was simply overloaded with livestock, and adding the catfish and frog crashed the system, rendering it inhospitable to life. Please stop are read some basic fishkeeping stuff on this web site or in a book. The importance of maintaining a healthy filter cannot be overstated. Many newcomers to the hobby do things like clean the filter media under the tap/faucet, wiping out the "good" bacteria that clean the water. Also, there are things like dechlorinating the water before using it that matter a great deal. So before you buy anything else, read a little more so you feel comfortable. The basics of fishkeeping are extremely easy to master, but if you ignore them... disaster!>
So now I only have the little frog :(. I am  afraid the frog is going to die too.
<I hope note. Please do a big water change now (50%) and another tomorrow (also 50%) to flush out all the "bad" water. Make sure you use dechlorinator. Add tiny amounts of food (don't feed at all for the next 48 hours). Leave things to stabilise after this, for a week or two, checking the water quality with your handy new nitrIte (not nitrAte) test kit. Better yet, buy some of those little dip-sticks that have pH, hardness, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate measurements built into them. Once you're happy the tank is stable, then you can start adding more critters.>
I am so upset that we introduced these to  the tank. Should I still get a few more frogs, because I read that they are  social and like to be in groups.
<Indeed so, but hold off buying more frogs until you are safe the tank is stable. You want perfect water quality for at least 2 weeks.>
I will also buy a water test kit.
<Very good! Frogs are fun in themselves, and mix well with "oddball" critters like apple snails and shrimps. You don't even need fish, and in a tank of 10 gallons, dwarf frogs, snails, and shrimps would be practical and easy to maintain.>
Thanks again for your response.
<No problems, and good luck. Neale>

Releasing Tropical Fish Into The Wild; question on royal sucker fish   – 04/29/07
Hi there, I have a royal sucker fish in my fish tank for over the 2 years. I've had loads of my gold fish die due to the sucker. I think I'm going to get rid of my tank and the pet shop doesn't take fish back. Would it be ok to put the fish in a canal or a stream? Would it be OK  or would it die straight away? Thanks Sharon
< Never release any tropical fish into the wild! First, the water is probably too cold. It may last during the summer, but when it gets cold in the Fall it will die outright. Second, if you live in an area where it is warm enough to survive, it may harm or compete with a native species. Third, you may be introducing a disease that may kill off all the other fish in the area that you released the fish. Forth, it is probably illegal. There are many instances of people releasing tropical fish into the wild. Pacus are reported as piranhas and always make the news. While you are getting out of the hobby, the rest of us that are going to be around for a long time really don't need the bad press and problems with the public. A royal Pleco is a very desirable fish. I don't think you will have any problem getting a tropical fish store to take it in. Thanks for checking in before making any moves.-Chuck>

Sucker Fish ID – 04/30/07
I made a mistake, It is a Pleco, a fresh water fish.
< Sucker fish are often referred to as Plecos in the aquarium trade.-Chuck>

Question Re: Oto placement   12/10/06
Hi Tom,
<<Hey, Sean.>>
I have another question for you already.
<<Let's hear it...>>
I was at a major chain pet store today, and much to my surprise, they were selling Otos (Otocinclus) for $1.99. Since this is the first time I've seen them in my area, and that price is too good to pass up, I bought 3 (I read on WWM that they do well in groups). I have 2 tanks, and I can't decide which one they would do best in.
<<The quarantine tank, Sean. (Being a little silly but I’ll explain.) The store I buy my fish from, my Otos included, is, literally, a “Mom and Pop” operation and won’t sell their freshwater animals for the first two weeks after they take delivery, i.e. they quarantine them all. Saltwater fish are held for four weeks with cards posted on the tanks showing the dates that the fish arrived at the store. That said, I can guarantee that this isn’t the case with your Otos. Point number one. Next, Otos are notorious for being difficult to acclimate. Wonderful little guys that they are, they’re easily lost early on no doubt due to the stress of transporting, handling, lack of sufficient food and – the big one – means of capture. Because of their tiny size and naturally tangled environment, many (most?) of the Otos that reach the store have been taken in the wild using cyanide, or other chemicals, to disable them for collection. (I would be skeptical that ‘tank-raised’ Otos would be going for $1.99 each. Mine were $3.99 each which I thought was a bargain.) The upshot here is that these chemicals can remain in the internal organs of the fish either shortening their natural lifespans of about five years or leading to a much, much earlier demise. Darned hard on the Oto, to be sure, but if one is lost and picked at by another fish, it, too, may end up with contamination from the chemicals I referred to. Now, let’s move on to your options.>>
Tank one is a 24g tall/show tank, moderately planted, with a cheap "fizz tab" CO2 system. Its inhabitants are 4 Opaline gouramis, Trichogaster trichopterus (2 are the gold variety), 2 paradise fish, Macropodus opercularis, 2 Ramshorn snails, and one common Pleco, who will be re-homed soon as this tank will be way too small for him (he's only about 4" right now).
<<Sounds like a good choice, Sean. And, I appreciate your thinking regarding the upgrade for the Pleco.>>
Tank 2 is a 5g, moderately planted, with no CO2. Its inhabitants are 1 Betta and 3 cherry shrimp.
<<Could be a good option as well but, personally, I like to add some aquarium salt in with my Betta. Your Otos would “tolerate” the amount of salt I use but I don’t think they’d appreciate it very much.>>
Both tanks have laterite and gravel substrate, a good amount of driftwood, and a pH just above 7. Neither tank has much of an algae problem, although both tanks have small amounts of green "spot" algae.
Now, here's my question: which of these tanks would be a better fit for my Otos?
<<As you may have gathered, Sean, I like the larger tank for your new pets. The smaller tank would likely work just fine but I’m not a huge fan of keeping Bettas with other fish. Just me, perhaps. Also, if you do decide to add salt to your Betta’s tank down the road, and I do recommend this, it probably wouldn’t sit well with the Otos if they were in the tank.>>
Sean
<<Enjoy your new fish, Sean. Tom>>
 

Salinity Woes 11/27/06
I recently bought 1 Pleco (3 inch), 3 Cory Cats (1inch), an Iridescent Shark (2 inch), and a Colombian Shark (2 inch) for my 55 gal. aquarium.  I know that the sharks will outgrow this tank.  <Yep>  My question deals with the salinity of the water, as I found out (after the fact) that the Colombian Shark will prefer a brackish/marine environment as it matures.  How much salinity will my other fish tolerate?  Thanks!
Kevin R.
<Not much/any for the Corys and Pleco.  This mix is not viable for the long term.>
<Chris>

Clown Loach and Bristlenose Troubles... Actually iatrogenic problems, ignorance, lack of self-reliance... in killing freshwater fishes  9/25/06
Hello WWM helping elves,
<Where's Santa?>
I am having some troubles with my fish.  I seem to have a slow but steady mortality rate.  I have a 28L tank (sorry, not sure what that is in gallons).
<... dismal. Look it up...>
It has been up an running with fish for 5 months now,
<... in six-seven or so gallons...>
but there seems to be a consistent pattern that has evolved in regards to my fish and their lifespans.
   We started with 2 goldfish, to get the tank cycled and happy.
<A poor idea>
  When our LFS man gave us the all clear (he is strict with us) he allowed us to get some tropical fish.  
<With pathogens already installed by way of your goldfish adventure...>
We have been gradually adding to the tank till now to get a nice community tank.  The 2 goldfish have been given away as there was not so much room as before.  We have 1blue and 1 golden Gourami, a smallish angel fish, a bristle nose catfish and 2 clown loaches.
<These are too much, way too much for this small volume>
   The trouble with the fish is that we are now onto our 3rd catfish, and as of this morning I only have 1 clown loach.  For all 3 fish that have died, there has been a similar pattern.  All have stopped eating, then after 3 days of their hunger strike their tummies bloat, then this goes away the next day, then they die the day after.  Both the catfish only lived for 3 weeks, and the clown loach died 3 weeks after my last catfish.
<Ultra dismal... I'm changing my mind, opinion>
For the catfish, they just stopped licking the glass, and the clown loach took to swimming upside down near the spray bar pipe - constantly.
<Environmental...>
I have had my LFS man check my water for everything (I think he dreads every time I walk through the door),
<I would as well...>
and he says that my water is perfect for the fish that I have and commented that if my latest catfish died it was a factor he cannot test for.  To make me feel better, he has given me a slightly bigger catfish this time in the hopes that it is more hardy.
<... the opposite here...>
I feed them a combination of dried food, blood worms (once a week), algae wafers and a little piece of zucchini every now and then.  I do monthly water changes of 10% with good water, and keep check on the basic water condition weekly.
   I am aware that a 28L tank is not very big,
<Bingo>
and am wondering if clown loaches are the best choice with the other fish.
<Nope... poor choices...>
I purchased 2 as they are social fish, but have read that odd numbers are better.  At this time the remaining one I have is small. Should I get 2 friends for it, or should I change the type of fish, or will one more be enough.  I will eventually get a bigger tank, so the fact that they grow has been accounted for, however I would like to know what is best for now and would first very much like them to stop dying.
I don't know where I am going wrong, and would like some help before I replace my little one.
Ta, from Cian
<... Let's see... your real problem is rooted in the too-small world for the species you list. It cannot support this type of life, density... The Bristlenose Loricariids need volumes of three, four plus size to survive... Tiny volumes of water are too inherently unstable to provide proper environments... You might look into much smaller (ultimately) species... Next, your system is very likely infested with some sort/s of disease organisms from the goldfish period... Next, your reliance on others for the care you can only provide is short-sighted to use a kind term... Lastly, the answers to the "present situation" you find yourself the maker/keeper of are of your own ignorance and lack of research... Consider what you want to do, educate yourself, then act... BobF>

Plecos Poor Survival in Tank  9/16/-6
Hi there,
<Hi Cali, Pufferpunk here>
I have a 20 gallon hexagon freshwater aquarium.  I've had it for about a year and a half now.  I have 2 red rainbow fish, 2 strawberry tetras, 2 silver/white mollies, 1 black molly, a frog,
<Dwarf frog, I hope!>
1 powder blue dwarf Gourami and an upside down catfish.  
<The Synodontis (upside down cat) can grow quite large & so do the rainbows--way too large for your tank, especially with the lesser swimming room in a hex.  The rainbows need a very long tank to swim across.>
I have fake silk plants and some tank decorations.  I have tried several species of Pleco fish over the last year and none of them survive.  I have algae and when there is no algae I supplement with algae tablets.  The longest surviving Pleco was a butterfly variety and that lasted about 2 weeks.  Considering they are supposed to be hearty fish, I'm not sure why they keep dying.  Any suggestions?
<You want to start by testing your water parameters for ammonia, nitrites (should be 0 at all times), nitrates (should be under 20) & pH (most Plecos prefer low pH but can handle neutral, 7.2).  If all that is good, then the next Pleco you buy (must be a dwarf species for such a small tank), be sure it has a nice convex tummy--not caved in.  Most Plecos are wild-caught & need to be treated for internal parasites after purchase or they will quickly waste away.  You might have better luck with the dwarf Bristlenose Pleco, as many are tank-raised.  ~PP> <<Likely the species involved need much more room as well. RMF>>
Thanks, Cali Day

Setting Up a Pleco Only Tank   8/19/06
Hello, Bet you've never heard this one before...Well, I'm looking to getting my first aquarium.  Aiming for a 10 or 20 gallon. What I want to do it have primarily suckerfish!  I think they're very cute and would like to have as many as appropriate-for-tank-size possible. Is there a problem with what I want to do?  Can I keep them satisfied with algae tablets? Thanks!~ Adam
< Go to planetcatfish.com. They have many species profiles listed and you can check on most of the Plecos available in the hobby. Then match them up with your water conditions and space.-Chuck>

Big Plecos In A Community Tank   5/26/06
Hi, Great Site! I have a bit of a problem, and figure you guys can  help me out.
I have a 55 gallon aquarium with a cascade filter  (Rated at 75 gallons) heater, plants, eco complete, light, etc. Would it be ok to keep 3 common Plecos (8", 6", and  4"), 6 cardinal tetras, 4 lemon tetras, several Cory cats, 4: 4" killie fish,  and 2 smaller tiger clown Plecos, and 6 Rams in this 55 gallon tank?
< Go with everything except the two larger Plecos. They will dominate the bottom of the tank and make life very tough on the other fish.>
PLEASE NOTE: These are fish I have already (in separate tanks) I know this sounds like an odd assortment, but I am trying to, umm... what's the right word here... condense my collection. If this is not ok, please tell me the minimum tank  size in which I can keep these three Plecos.
<There are hundreds of  different species of Plecos. Go to planetcatfish.com and search for your Pleco to determine the total size. They will also have tank recommendations too. Some of the more common Plecos can get very big.>
Also, at what temperature should this assortment be  kept?
< Somewhere between 76 to 82 f would be fine. The rams prefer it on the high end.>
BASICALLY, I am asking if 3 large Plecos will be ok  to keep with smaller tetras/cichlids!?
< Too much disruption from the larger fish.-Chuck>
Thanks in advance!!! Anthony

Adding Salt To a FW Tank  12/24/05
Hi, I would like to add some salt to my tank water to help my gravid female guppy, but I don't know if my other fish can tolerate the salt.  I have 4 zebra danios and 1 mini Pleco (about 2 inches long) besides 3 guppies.  Will the danios and Pleco be harmed by the salt? Thank you, and great site!
< The Pleco will not like the salt but it can probably tolerate a little. The others should be fine.-Chuck>

Plecos not surviving... in a ten gallon tank 10/7/05
Hello,
<Howdy>
We have a 10G freshwater tank with an AquaClear filter and two aerators. It contains five Giant Danios ranging in size from 2" to 3.5".
<This is too much for this ten>
The pH is ~7, nitrates 10 or below and temp is ~78. We do a partial water change every week/ten days and clean the filter at the same time. The environmental conditions described above are quite consistent.
We had a Pleco, two Sailfin Mollies and two Angelfish when we first set-up the tank about a year ago. The Angel fish died within weeks.
<Ten gallons is too small to keep angels, or most "Plecos"... most species get too large, starve...>
They seemed to be too slow for the Mollies who hogged the food. We eventually replaced the Angel fish with two Giant Danios. The Mollies lasted for about six months but the Danios have flourished. We added three more Danios to the tank to form a community and they have done really well. The initial Pleco kept growing and got to be about five inches before it abruptly passed away a couple of months ago.
<Sigh>
The algae had started to show a fair bit (compared to before) in the tank so we figured the water quality had eventually declined. We did a full tank clean-up, scrubbed excess algae off the decorative rocks, walls and synthetic plants. Again the Danios are doing great and the water stats are stable. However we have had three baby Plecos since then and they don't last beyond three days with the last one departing today. I noticed today the under belly of this Pleco was green. We feed the fish flake food three times daily and blood worms every two-three. There are always flakes that sink to the bottom and there is mild visible algae. The clerk who sold the latest Pleco suggested they might not be getting enough food but the previous Pleco survived and grew for months on the same amount of subsistence.
Please advise as we fell quite badly about the Plecos not surviving and our clueless about the cause of their demise. My understanding is that Both Giant Danios and Plecos alike are very hardy fish which is certainly true for our Danios!
<Fishes have differing requirements, tolerances... If you're happy with the ten gallon tank, I'd try a Chinese Algae Eater... Bob Fenner>
Thanks, AJ

Fish Mates for a 12Gallon Tank  07/02/05
Fish-A-Roonies,
<Yes>
I have had plenty of time to think, almost two weeks now, while my new Eclipse System 12 has been cycling.  I really only have one question and I have researched this to the hilt, but unfortunately I can not come up with my own conclusion of what fish to stock in my tank.  My tank currently boards two Common Pleco's.
<These get too large for your twelve gallon system>
I would really like to have a violet goby, but I know this is probably not a good idea seeing how the violet goby are brackish water fish, and I would never want to hurt them.  Is there any type of fish that is fresh water that I can put something similar to the violet goby in my tank and/or what else should I stock.
<...? Something similar?>
  I know the common rule of thumb: 1 inch for every gallon.
<Actually, better to think of cubic inches...>
If you could please list several types that would live with my Pleco's that would be great.  They are my favorite and I want to make sure their mates will make them happy and vise versa.
Thank you,
Chris
<Time to send you back to WWM to study... the goby is not freshwater as you state... your catfish are misplaced. Bob Fenner>

Sailfin Pleco
Hi WWM,
I found the link that you sent very useful, thanks. I have found that I had a sailfin Plec. Is this species able to tolerate a cooler environment with coldwater fish as mine seemed happy for the few weeks we had him but we lost him quite suddenly. He had been feeding well on algae in the tank & we were also feeding Hikari algae wafers. I am in the process of trying to assess the water quality & wonder if there are pointers I should be aware of, & if they are more susceptible to any particular disease. Many thanks again
>>Hello Lisa, That is a very strong fish, I would not worry about it getting sick. I would keep the temperature above 72 degrees Fahrenheit. Good Luck, Oliver.

Tank size, salty Plecos, FW book recommendation
Wow, that was really fast! Thank you so much for the reply, I will get the kit tomorrow hopefully from PetSmart, I live in Texarkana, Texas which is a small town in east Texas, you may have seen the movie the Town that Dreaded Sundown which was a true story that happened here in the sixties, it was a low budget movie about a serial killer, that movie pretty much shows how small this town is but it's getting much bigger. PetSmart just opened in January and there are only two other pet stores that carry fish supplies here that are pretty small and do not carry hardly any fish supplies so thank god we got the PetSmart! Thank you for the info on the Plecos and the violet goby. What size tank should I purchase to house them in?
<At least a thirty gallon>
Can the Plecos be housed with the goby and can the Plecos handle brackish water?
<Can tolerate some salt, but most species are best kept in salt-free circumstances (most tap/source waters do have some salt content... combinations of metals and non-metals...>
Sorry for more questions! Also, could you recommend a good book for me that would contain like all the information
like meds and maintenance on these fish?
<I wish... maybe see Amazon.com, read their reviews re what others consider most complete and up-to-date... In the meanwhile I and Sabrina here are cranking out such a title>
Thank you so much, I know your time and info are very valuable to me and many others!
<Glad to share. Bob Fenner> 

A Pair of Plecos
Hi, I have a pair of Plecostomus which are both now between 7 - 8 inches long. They are in a 4ft (48in) by 1.5ft (18?in) tank. I think they are of the common variety, though I'm by no means sure. Is this tank big enough for them do you think? I am a little concerned as they make so much mess that even my 2 filters (Fluval 4 Plus, Fluval 3 Plus) struggle to keep up with it. They share the tank with 11 smaller fish (5 neon tetras, 4 danio, 2 clown loaches). I am doing 20 - 25%water changes every 1 -2 weeks. Thanks!
Rachael
<Hi Rachael, Don here. I think that's a 75 gallon tank you have there. A nice size for this pair of plecs. But they can grow to over a foot, sometimes to 18 inches! At that point the 75 would be very cramped. But they grow slower as they mature, so you are fine for now. And they are big waste producers! I would do water changes more often. If you test your water adjust your schedule to keep nitrates under 20ppm. Always use a gravel vac to remove the poop that settles. No amount of filtration will get it all. Another good reason for more water changes>    

Big Pleco in a New Tank
Hello there. My name is Dayna and I have recently found your very helpful website. <Thank you> I was wondering if you could answer a few questions that I have? <Fire away> My husband and I recently (3 weeks ago to be exact) set up a 55 gallon freshwater aquarium. We only have a large 11" Pleco and no other fish. <That's a big Pleco to add to an uncycled tank> We are having a little problem with the ph. We bought Sodium Biphosphate recommended by our local fish store. It seems to work that day, but then the next couple of days the ph goes back to 7.6. <7.6 is not out of line unless you plan on keeping fish that require a more acidic level> Do you have to add this stuff daily? Is it toxic to the fish? Or could the ph problem be because the tank hasn't completely gone through it's "cycle"? <I would not add it at all unless the plan is for Discus or Rams. It is far, far better to get fish whose needs match, or can adapt to, your local water conditions. Once you change your pH you are committed to matching it with every water change. Should the need to do a very large water change arise, being off just a few tenths could cause pH shock. It's the swing in pH that kills, not an "incorrect", but steady, level> Also, the Pleco seems to defecate quite a lot. <Welcome to my world, normal for these large waste producers> I know that's what we all gotta do, but could we be feeding him too much? We feed him one disc of the algae food. <No, that's not a lot at all for an 11" Pleco. Too little, if anything. Try giving him some fresh vegetables. A piece of zucchini, squash, carrot etc.. Also offer a small raw shrimp a few times a month. Attach to a rock and add at night. Remove leftovers in the AM. But wait until the tank is cycled to start target feeding him> The bottom of the tank and the plants have quite a bit of feces (looks very unattractive) even though we vacuum. But, when we vacuum it also takes a lot of the water out and I was wondering if it's okay to be taking out that much water that frequently? <Yes, in fact great! Small frequent water changes have many advantages in the long run. However it will slow down the establishment of your cycle. Keep them up so your Pleco does not have to go through a major ammonia or nitrite spike. Having the ability to easily do these frequent water changes is another reason not to mess with pH.> One more question. Do you recommend air stones and how many? The local fish store says that since we have the bio-wheel filtration <What size filter?> and under gravel filtration, with power heads, that we don't need any. <I would remove the UGF. They can have vast amounts of waste build up under them. If this decays in a "dead" spot (no O2) a deadly gas can be released into the water. They are also very hard to clean without tearing everything up and releasing the junk into the water. Your bio wheel, if it is the correct size, will provide far superior bio filtration than the UGF. The gravel vac will remove, not hide the waste. As to adding airstones, no problem either way. If you have the proper size filter they are not really needed, but can not hurt. I use two Emperor 400 filters on my 55 gallon Pleco tank and no airstones. My six Plecos do fine> Yet I have read that it's recommended to have 5 air stones for a 55 gallon. <That seems a bit excessive, but wouldn't cause a problem> Please help! We really want to get some pretty fish soon but are too scared to add any. <Good, do not add anything else yet. Check for ammonia, nitrite and nitrate. Do not add any more fish until ammonia and nitrite spike and crash to zero, and nitrates are rising. Until then daily partial water changes are called for. After your cycle is established you can adjust your water changes to keep nitrates below 20ppm. Keep your stocking level light. As you are seeing, that Pleco alone adds a lot of waste to the water. Heavy filtration is called for, but NOT undergravel filtration. Don>  
Thanks!
Dayna

Zebra Pleco 
Hello 
I found a page you did on the internet about Plecos and was wondering if you had the time to answer a quick question. I am interested in getting a zebra Pleco or two. I've been doing a lot of research on the fish and 
have read a lot of contradictory info. on the pH range that is acceptable for them. My question is this, what pH range can they tolerate? 
<Let's see, how to put this... The wild-collected ones display a smaller tolerance and prefer lower pHs... like 6.5-6.8... Captive bred and reared ones have wider tolerance and a bit higher pH is okay with them... up to the low 7.'s...>
I live in upstate NY and the water is relatively hard and alkaline (I have a few gold nuggets in a large tank where the pH is 7.6 and they are thriving and was wondering if they zebras could live in this or if I would have to take special care to lower the pH for them). 
Thank-you 
Jerry
<I would lower the pH for the new specimens initially... with organic acids preferably... and a keen understanding and steady eye on an acidity/alkalinity test kit as well as pH... Zebra's are generally much less "touchy" than Gold Nuggets... so, if you're doing well with them... For all, if I were interested in breeding these small Loricariid species, I would pre-prepare water (likely reverse osmosis, then peat moss in a stocking/filter bag...)to use for make up, changes...
Be chatting. Bob Fenner>

Tank construction
Hey Bob,
<Hello there>
I just discovered your website today and I found it very informative. I wish I would have found it sooner, it answered a lot of questions that I had yet to answer. 
<Ah, good>
One thing that really was a surprise was the driftwood for the "Plecos". 
<Yes, amazing how much, what "we" know collectively...>
I have two common's, a miniature (still 8"), and a Trinidad. I feed them vegetables and sinking disks, but I have never heard of giving them wood. Is there a certain kind that they need, and where would I get this (I live in Dallas, TX, not much of an Oceanfront). 
<Yes to these species definitely doing better with freshwater "driftwood" of types sold in the trade (most hail from Africa or Southeast Asia, but this is not important)... for food/digestion, decor/habitat, and water chemistry modification... Look to your LFS or e-mail-order "fish shops" for this material>
Also, I am looking at purchasing a freshwater dolphin. Can you tell me anything about them. I can't seem to find any information on them. The one I saw at my local fish store was about 10" long. How big do they get? 
<A few Mormyrids (Elephantfishes, family Mormyridae) are called by this common name. Check www.FishBase.org under the family name, and get ready to do a bit of reading (201 species)... some of the species you'll peruse have images associated with them... this is probably a Marcusenius or Mormyrus species... likely to more than two feet long in the wild.>
You also had great information on the Arowana's. I recently purchased one for my wife, and your section on them really answered all of our questions.
<Wow, surprising to me...>
I just got some information on a local group called "fish rescue". I was wondering if you had heard about these groups and if you recommended joining one.
<What is the gist of their purpose for being? Is this one of the Cichlid family associations that hopes to save wild stocks genome from disappearing?>
On to the main reason for this email...........
I am interested in building several large tanks for myself, and then maybe growing that into a business. There seems to be little information available on this subject. Are there any books/websites available on this? I saw that this was slightly covered in your Aquatics Business section, but I had a few more questions. Some questions I have are:
<Yes... about the best DIY website compilation in our interest is "Oz's Reef"... you can find their URL on the Links pages of the www.WetWebMedia.com site>
1. What is the best material to use? Plexi-glass?
<Hmm, actually marine plywood and glass for the viewing panels IMO for function... looks, no-costs considerations thrown in: sure on the plexi>
2. Where can you get or order the wood to go around the glass?
<Most any large "hardware" store... if not in stock, they can order easily>
3. The best adhesive?
<For the wood? Pre-made strips of fiberglass cloth, laminating resin... Along with good size, type wood screws... and silicone rubber (just 100% of any designated-use product) for the viewing panels for the wood/glass types... Weld-0n solvents for the acrylic...>
4. How to calculate needed thickness?
<On the Oz'Reef site>
5. Any other concerns, comments?
<How much time do you/we have? Overbuild... make sure the stands for such are level, planar AND strong... Give consideration to how you're going to maintain these... perhaps build in overflows, definitely drains....>
I appreciate the help Bob and I can't wait to get your book, I just ordered it. Keep up the amazing work.
<Thank you, with your help, I shall>
Thank you, Neal Weinstein
<Bob Fenner, who used to have a roommate with your last name...>

I need info on a fish
Hello Bob I have a problem, 
<WWM crew member, Anthony Calfo in your service>
my son just came home with 2 gold fish and a fish he calls (I don't know how to spell it, so I hope you know what I am talking about) PLATASCUOMUS). 
<yes, a tropical Plecostomus catfish...AKA algae eater>
I hope you know what I'm talking about. If you do then my question is does this fish need a filter and air? 
<yes, as all really do (without you having to do daily water changes) but more so than the gold fish in this case>
I would be grateful if you can answer me as soon as possible. I don't want to kill my sons pets. he doesn't have much luck with his pets, they usually die on him or run away.) Thank you so much. Have a great day. Mikey
<talk that little fella into bringing home books before livestock <wink>. Conduct partial water changes (say 25-40%) daily with dechlorinated like temperature water until you secure a proper aquarium and filtration or trade the fish in, my friend. Anthony>

Newly Set Up Tropical Tank
Hi Guys!
<Well helloooooow, Lesley!>
You've kindly advised me before regarding our marine tank, however, this
time my query relates to my new freshwater/tropical tank (obviously, I am working backwards - will be buying goldfish next!)
<I have an ant farm and some silly putty back-ordered for you instead>
Two weeks ago I set up a 15 (UK) gallon tank (Mirabella 70). The tank has built in filters. 
<novel idea...at least on paper>
It has live plants and last week I added 6 assorted platies (as advised by my LFS). (As a matter of interest, the fish store I bought the tank from is using their display model - of the same tank - as a
micro reef set up with two clowns and a few corals).
<which might indicate that they aren't the sharpest tools in the shed...OR... that they are really talented aquarists>
Anyway, a few days before I got the fish, I noticed the beginnings of a
brown algal bloom on the plant leaves, decor and glass. I am assuming this is part of the natural "cycling" process (as with the marine tank). Is this correct?
<usually, yes>
As I have seen them eat algae from the leaves and as I have been advised to do so by my LFS, 
<they advised you to eat algae from the leaves too?!?>
I am under feeding the platies to encourage this "browsing" on algae. No food reaches the bottom - it's eaten in seconds! 
<sounds like normal feeding...food should never hit the bottom before active community fish consume it... otherwise it is considered overfeeding... but I do agree with your premise altogether>
However, although they have eaten quite a lot of algae from the leaves, the plants still seem to be covered in it. I am worried that the algae will prevent the plants from photosynthesizing (hope I've spelt that correctly!)
<do look into buying a small Otocinclus "catfish". Wonderful and peaceful and HARDY scavenger that will correct this problem right quick>
Am I correct in assuming that the algae will start to recede once the "cycling" process is over or do I have a real problem? 
<correct...but necessarily before harm is done to the plants>
Is there anything else I can do meantime? (I have reserved two Suckermouth fish at the LFS for when my tank is more "mature" - a zebra plec and a "spotty" one - sorry, I was so taken by it's beauty I didn't catch what it was called! It is black with small gold spots).
<hehe... I'm starting to have serious doubts about the advice you are being given by your LFS...neither of the two Plecos that you have mentioned above eat algae!!! Incredibly, you have picked two of the few exceptions in this family of catfish. If you weren't informed that they are not obligate grazers...then you were going to watch two expensive fish slowly starve to death from a nutritive deficiency (it would take months...perhaps more than a year). The Peckoltia type "Zebra" and the Panaque type "gold spot/nugget" eat an extraordinary amount of meaty foods (bloodworms top the list) and are miserable algae grazers. Do keep these two beauties... but still consider some real algae grazers, the tiny Otocinclus, as well and promptly>
I would also confess that I am adding plant fertilizer (containing iron) as advised by my LFS which I appreciate will be feeding the algae too!
<indeed>
I have read over your freshwater algae articles and FAQs but they don't seem to relate to a newly set up tank like mine.
The only other fish I want to add are a shoal of neon tetras and a few guppies.
<really an awkward mix...they like two very different water qualities. Best to stick with the slightly hardened, slightly salted water for the livebearers if the platies will stay (with the guppies)...or, run a more neutral to soft/acidic water south American display for the tetras/catfish>
The platies are doing well and are swimming happily with all their fins extended.
<excellent>
Any advice you could give would be much appreciated.
<OK... don't count on votes from the Russian or French judges>
Many thanks. Lesley
<with kind regards, Anthony>

Re: Pleco and driftwood
Can I use ocean driftwood in my freshwater tank if I've soaked it for a few days, or do I need to purchase special driftwood from a store?
<It will need to be soaked a lot longer than a couple of days and it’s recommended that you don’t use it at all. If it’s not fully cured (soaked long enough) then it can leach into your water and affect several of your readings, especially the pH. And you always run the risk of introducing unwanted things into your tank when you use items that were wild collected.>
I am very new and inexperienced in the fish world....I've had this Pleco (a small spotted common variety, cheap from a pet store) for a couple of weeks, and so far it hasn't seemed to bother my 2 little goldfish. (My mom got them for my daughter's birthday about a month ago, and I'm trying to keep them happy.) A friend told me to get a Pleco to keep the tank clean, not knowing they have a reputation for eating the slime coat off of goldfish. But so far, I haven't given it anything besides a romaine lettuce leaf and peas. Is this enough?
<Only occasionally will a Pleco bother other fish. Just keep an eye on him. As for feeding him, he will do much better if he gets algae to eat. If there is none growing in your tank you can buy algae wafers that are inexpensive and easy to feed. Lettuce doesn’t have a good nutritive value and the peas should only be given occasionally. You can also feed him green beans (canned or thawed frozen) once in a while.>
I have a 10 gallon tank with a filter and light, and am hoping not to have to expand my set up.
<You will eventually need to and it may be sooner than you want. Goldfish can get quite large and so can Plecos. And Goldfish can grow very fast.>
I don't have a local fish store, and the pet store guy wasn't too helpful. Any advice is welcome.
<Hope this helps!>
Thanks. Erica
<You're welcome! Ronni>

Large Pleco and Plastic Liner
Hi,
My LFS has a orphan Pleco that is just huge, probably 18".  I don't have room for him at home but I work at the University of Washington, and in the greenhouse they have a tank that I think might fit him.  It is a round pond about 7' in diameter and 30" high, holding about 700 gallons.  It contains a giant Brazilian lily and about 5 large Koi.  The temp is kept between 21 and 24C, pH about 6.8.  Water from the pond is pushed through a bead filter, then to a container full of water hyacinth that do a great job of removing nutrients-- but there is still a thick layer of algae all the way around the pound, hence the need for a big hungry Pleco.  The greenhouse manager likes the idea but he is worried that the Pleco might gnaw through the liner, which I think is probably 15 or 20 mil plastic.    I know Pleco like to rasp on driftwood but I think the teeth are well inside the mouth... do you think this would be a problem?
<Not a problem. I would however provide a piece of sunken wood for this catfish to gnaw on, hide under. Bob Fenner>
Thanks,
Brett

BIG Pleco! 10/28/03
Hi all,
<Hi, Pufferpunk here>
Thanks for your help in the past, I had an ordeal with a little puffer a while back.
<I missed that post.  Do you still have the puffer?>
I have a 10 gallon tank that I'm having difficulty keeping clean.  The water is always cloudy an often a bit smelly.  
<Usually caused by high ammonia & not cycling properly.>
I am using both a Penguin Mini BioWheel filter and an undergravel unit.  The stupid BioWheel always gets stuck and won't spin, perhaps due to accumulation of gunk, cleaning doesn't seem to help it spin though.  
<I never liked those filters.  Love my AquaClears!>
I have those shiny stones in there instead of gravel.  
<Gravel has more surface area for good bacteria to grow on.>
I have three fish in there.  One 7" chocolate Albino Pleco (I think he is full grown),
and two little catfish.  
<Whoa!  You're Pleco is way too big for that tank!  He belongs in at least a 55gal+.>
I just can't keep this tank clean.  I do methodical water changes.  My temp is 78
degrees, and pH is around 7.0.  Usually the Ammonia level is zero but at the moment it is above 0, maybe .5 ppm or so.  Nitrite is around .25.  I can't keep the waste from the Pleco from accumulating, I guess there is not adequate filtration or something.  Am I fighting a losing battle??  
<I definitely think so!  Plecos are giant poop machines.>
If the Pleco is too big for the tank I will give it away to a good foster parent with a larger tank.
<Good idea, find it a good, big home & I think your problems will be solved.  Most folks have no idea how large some Plecos can get.  I have a couple that are almost 12".  Do an 80% water change & add gravel substrate to the tank.  You can always put the larger stones on top or in one corner if you wish, but that may make it difficult to clean the gravel.>   
In the meantime, any suggestions??  I'm getting nervous about my readings because I have used Amquel Plus and Ammo lock.
<Save your money & get rid of the Pleco.  That is definitely not an inch/gallon kind of fish!>  
Thanks in advance, Frank.
<You're Welcome--Pufferpunk>  

Re: Tank Water
Thank You for taking the time to answer. What is the proper cleaning methods for a 10 gallon aquarium,
<When you do a water change, put the end of the siphon into the gravel and siphon the gunk out of the bottom of the tank. Do only part of the tank each time, because there are beneficial bacteria living in the substrate.>
and as I understand now that even though other fish may not have been affected by dropsy that it is still in the tank, how do I ensure that the others do not come down with this? I completed the antibiotic treatment even after the prior fish died, is this enough or should I treat the water a second time?
<Hopefully the first treatment will be enough. Keep the tank clean and the water quality high, feed the fish a variety of good-quality foods, and they're less likely to get sick.>
How much gravel should be in a 10 gallon tank, we currently have 1 bag from where we bought the aquarium but it doesn't appear to be quite enough because we cannot get decorations to stay down.
<Ah..."one bag" doesn't really tell me how much gravel you have, as gravel is sold in several different sizes of bags. More gravel might help, or you might put plant weights on the artificial plants.>
Our sucker fish has tripled in size, and is appearing to be way to big for the tank at this time, how do we resolve that?  
<Find someone with a larger tank, or return/exchange him at your local fish store.>
Is there any suckers that stay smaller?
<For a 10 gallon tank, the only fish that will stay sufficiently small is an Otocinclus species, which are commonly called "Otos". An alternative is algae-eating shrimp, aka Amano shrimp (after the guy who pioneered their use in aquaria), with the scientific name of Caridina japonica. Best of luck with the tank! --Ananda>

Back To The Future...(Starting Over Again!>
Hi, I'm just getting back into keeping fish after a 30 year layoff! A lot has changed, for sure.
<It sure has! And the Chicago Cubs made it to the World Series, er...Oh- I guess they didn't...Some things still have not changed...But hey, the Undergravel filter is no longer the state of the art, anyways! And I miss those metal-framed tanks, as I'm sure you do! Scott F. sharing useless commentary with you tonight...>
Not only in the actual hobby, but in the amount of available knowledge. I've spent the last month or so getting myself up to speed while starting a new fresh water tank. Your site has been very helpful.
<Glad to hear that! We sure have a lot of fun learning and sharing experiences together!>
Here's the set up. A 55 gallon tank filtered with an Emperor 400 with duel bio wheels. I installed a small pump at the rear of the tank and at the opposite end from the filter. It jets the water along the rear glass towards the filter inlet. I put a small bubble wand along the side wall, on the pump side. Substrate is about 1/2" of natural, dark pebbles, small "half pea" size. No UGF, I use a vacuum to do my water changes. Landscaping consists of 2 pieces of driftwood and about 10 slate caves. No live plants, but 3 plastic to hide the hardware. I added 13 Zebra Danios to start the cycling. 3 died during the process, but the other 10 are very active.
<Glad to hear that. I love Zebras- just great all around fish, and fun to watch!>
I do 10 gallon water changes twice a week. This keeps the nitrates well below 20 with the small bioload now in the tank.
<Love you...>
I added one small algae eater, an Otocinclus species. Ammonia and nitrites have stayed at zero since the cycle completed. I'll increase the water changes if needed as I slowly add QT'ed fish. (See, even old dogs can learn!) Water tests at 120 ppm for hardness and a ph of 6.8.  
<Sounds good!>
Plan is to house a breeding colony of one of the small Plecos on the market today. Nothing over 5" or so. The Queen Arabesque (L260) for example. 3 to 5 adults. I'm not looking to go commercial, but I feel strongly that it is better to breed than capture when dealing with any wild animal.
<Whenever possible! I agree>
So I want to give them everything they need to breed and hopefully pass the genes along.
<Excellent>
Of course this is going to be one boring daytime tank if that's all I put in it, so my question (finally) is about tank mates. I would like a group of colorful, active fish to liven up the tank. I was thinking livebearers, but a thought occurred to me. Would the Plecos benefit from an egg scattering species that would supply them with a protein rich "live" food? If so, can you recommend a common species? (Remember the "pass the gene thing"?) It would have to be a type that would be unlikely to turn the (dinner) tables on the Plecos should they breed. Just seems to me that if I'm going to be feeding them, they might as well help feed and condition the Plecos. Just like keeping guppies or swords with small cichlids. Of course I would not count on it as a steady food supply, just a supplement to the meaty diet I would supply.  Don C.
<Well, Don- I'm not overly confident in them supplying a food source to the Plecos, which are essentially herbivorous, but there certainly is no reason not to have some small, colorful fishes to bring some life to your tank. Sure, livebearers will fit the bill, but I am a big fan of tetras and rasboras. If you can get some nice Cardinal Tetras and/or Harlequin Rasboras, you'll get some great small fishes that will add color and interest, and-who knows- maybe a spawn or two! Yep- these little guys rock, IMO! Good luck in your venture...Welcome back! Regards, Scott F.>

Moor Root?!
Do you know what moor root is?  
<Well, I could be wrong, but I think this is just a European way of saying bogwood.   A moor is a vast boggy heath, basically, and I imagine "moor root" refers to sunken, waterlogged wood/roots.  Bogwood.  Driftwood.>
I read about it in the Aqualog catalogs.  I have a 75g Pleco tank and I would like to have some in my tank.  
<Indeed, bogwood is of great importance to the diets and overall well-being of many plecs.>
I've asked people in my area no one knows.  PLEASE HELP!  Also where do you think I can get some living in Tampa?
<Any local fish store, most likely.  Ask about bogwood/driftwood instead of moor root, though, unless you're visiting London for your wood!  ;)  Or, if you're feeling adventurous, you can collect/clean/prepare your own.  Have fun!  -Sabrina>