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FAQs about Marine Livestocking 27

Related Articles: Stocking, Collecting Marines, Marine Livestock Selection, Reef Livestock Selection, Quarantine, Acclimation, Acclimating Invertebrates, Marine Life Use in Ornamental Aquatics, 

Related FAQs: Best Marine Livestocking FAQs 1, Best FAQs 2, Marine Livestocking FAQs 1, FAQs 2, FAQs 3, FAQs 4, FAQs 5, FAQs 6, FAQs 7, FAQs 8, FAQs 9, FAQs 10, FAQs 11, FAQs 12, FAQs 14, FAQs 15, FAQs 16, FAQs 17, FAQs 18, FAQs 19, FAQs 20, FAQ 21, FAQs 22, FAQs 23, FAQs 24, FAQs 25, FAQs 26, FAQs 28, FAQs 29, FAQs 30, FAQs 31, FOWLR Livestocking, Small System Stocking, Reef Livestocking, Angelfish Selection, Triggerfish Selection, 

Chaetodontoplus caeruleopunctatus in an aquarium. A nice photo by Hiroyuki Tanaka.

Stocking list...
Hello all. Let me start by echoing everybody else's comments that you are collectively the most valuable resource on the Web for the budding to expert marine aquarist. It is appreciated. I am new to salt (long been in fresh) and this site has been huge.
<Thank you for your kind acknowledgement>
Now, I have a new 240 gallon tank with about 120 pounds of cured (WS Fiji) live rock, 2 Aqua-C Pro skimmers, Eheim 2260 canister filter (the big boy, will be cleaned out weekly), salinity measuring 1.023 at 79 degrees. I will be doing the same water change regime I use on my fresh tanks, i.e., about 15% to 25% once a week. Not a single fish in it, yet, but the live rock has been in there for a couple of weeks after being cured at my excellent LFS. I have a stock list in mind, and wanted to throw it by you. I will list in (rough) order of planned introduction over the next six months or year. My list is 1 clown fish (maroon), 7 green Chromis (dithers, basically), 1 Picasso trigger,
<May well consume those dither damsels>
1 Yellow Tang, 1 (either porc. puffer or pantherfish),
<This last, Chromileptis, definitely will eat the damsels in time>
...and, finally, 1 angelfish (either Queen or Emperor, bearing in mind the tank will have been up and running for six or more months at this point). Could I cram a dog-faced puffer or some kind of Toby in there, too?
<Yes>
I would love your thoughts about this list, but also (even though I know these things are SO subjective) something that may have occurred to you as a cool inhabitant or bunch for my tank. Be creative! Also, I think I may need some sort of in-between siphoning clean-up crew that won't get eaten by the foregoing (other than myself!)
Thanks again... Simon.
<What you have in mind should work out splendidly. Bob Fenner> 

Re: Stocking list...
Thanks very much for the quick response. I admit it was something of a thrill to have Bob Fenner himself answer my query! 
<Mmmm, him or somebody with the same name.>
Perhaps not surprisingly, I have pulled back on my initial stocking plan. After sober reflection, I decided that a predatory tank is too limiting in respect of so many of the things that attracted me to saltwater in the first place: movement, colour, interaction... also, with live rock, I am looking forward to things like... bright shrimp and colourful little fish.
<Ahh, you show wisdom beyond most expectation!>
So, if you don't mind my throwing you this curve, my new plan is to start with say, 10 or 15 little (blue leg) hermit crabs, a blood shrimp and three cleaner shrimp.
(Any worries about the shrimp duking it out?). 
<In your size system (240 gallons) s/b fine>
After a couple of weeks, I am thinking of adding a mated pair of ocellaris clowns, and 7 blue/green Chromis. After a few weeks, I would intend to add 7 fire gobies and one magenta Pseudochromis porphyreus (I know he is a little tough guy, but this is a big tank with lots of hiding places. A month or so later would be, all at once, 1 hippo tang, 1 yellow tang, and 1 Foxface (vulpinis). (I have not found anything to suggest it, but would the yellow tang and the Foxface take issue with each other?)
<Should be fine again, due to size, shape of your system. There will be periodic "jousting" but very likely no real damage>
Finally, once the tank is about 6 months to a year old, or longer if it takes me that long to find one, I would add a very carefully selected and perfect (emotionally and physically) angelfish, either Emperor or, if I could not find the perfect one, a Queen. About four inches long. I would likely add a dwarf Flame Angelfish and a few neon gobies at this point, too.
<We should/will address the large/r angel issue at this later time... the rest of your plan sounds very nice indeed. Bob Fenner>

Do I have too much fish?
Hey Bob,
I have a 80 gal. mixed reef (mainly SPS) with a 30 gal DIY sump. I also have a 5" sand bed and about 110 lbs. of live rock. As for the fishes......
I currently have:
6 green Chromis
2 female squamipinnis Anthias
1 male " " Anthias
1 royal Gramma
1 Perc clown
1 mandarin goby
1 Sohal tang..... I know this one shouldn't be in a 80 gal. but he was free. I couldn't resist.. haha
My question is "Do I have too much fish?" and which/ how many fishes should I keep.
Thanks Bob,  Gabe
<All is fine but the Sohal... I would trade that fish in. Bob Fenner> 

Stocking Plan for a 75 gallon
I have a 75 gallon tank with one Longnose Butterfly. Filtration is 50lbs of live rock and a combination protein skimmer/wet/dry trickle filter. There is only a decorative 1/2 inch layer of sand right now.  Due to large losses in my main tank due to a power outage (a FO predator tank) I have decided to make this smaller tank my focus.  After reviewing my options, I think I have come up with a stocking plan:
1) Yellow Longnose Butterfly Forcipiger longirostris (already in tank)
2) Male Scribbled Boxfish Ostracion solorensis (hard to find, but will hold the space for such a beautiful fish)
3) Flame Angel  Centropyge loricula
4) Spotted Cardinalfish Sphaeramia nematoptera
5) Six Line Wrasse Pseudocheilinus hexataenia
6) Scissortail Dartfish Ptereleotris evides
7) Longnose Hawkfish Oxycirrhites typus
I have a few questions:
1) Have I overlooked any compatibility, overstocking or competitive incompatibilities in my plan?<I think those fish should get along as long as there is enough hiding places.>
2)  Should I consider converting to a deep sand bed before adding fish to the tank?<I think you will be fine.>  Should I add more live rock?<I would suggest 25 lbs more live rock.>
3) I had planned a crew of Electric Blue Hermit crabs for color and clean up.  Will this work with the mix?  If so, how many should I have for a tank this size? <I think that you will be fine and 25 hermits should do.>
4) Currently, I simply thaw 2 cubes of Angel/Butterfly frozen food and provide a strip of Nori every day for the butterfly.  What feeding regimen would I follow with this group, since many of the fishes eat the same types of food?
<I find a good variety of food will work best.  Marine angel and Nori will provide the all round your fish need.  Good Luck MikeB.>
Thank you all so much!
Frank

Bio-load for a 90 gallon
Hello Crew,   I'd like to get your opinion on my plans to add fish to my 90 gallon reef tank.  The tank is about 7 months old and is progressing nicely.  I had an algae outbreak early on but that has subsided.  All my water quality parameters are excellent.  I do have an Aiptasia problem that I'm waiting for my copperband to deal with.  Its been about a week since it was added.  The tank is currently stocked with the following fish:
2 onyx percula clowns (hosting a rose anemone)
1 flame angel
1 copperband butterflyfish (there to deal with the Aiptasia)
1 mandarin
1 lawnmower blenny
4 Bartlett's Anthias
The Anthias were just added in the last week.  Beautiful fish and eating right away, but the flame angel is chasing the Anthias.  I'm concerned about adding additional fish with the flame angel present.  I know I should have added the flame angel last but didn't.  What do you think about the adding the following fish given what I currently have:
3 Hawaiian flame wrasses (Cirrhilabrus jordani)
1 orchid Dottyback
1 Male Watanabei angel
Too many fish bioload wise?  Incompatibilities?  Anything I can do about the flame angel - temporarily remove it?  Thanks Matt. 
>Greetings Matt,
7 fish is about right for a 90 gallon reef tank, assuming they are on the small side. Certainly forget about adding another angel. My advice to you would be to get rid of the flame angel and leave things alone. If you absolutely cannot control yourself and MUST add "just one more fish" then add the orchid Dottyback as these are GREAT reef fish. Again though, I'd restrain myself if I were you.
Good Luck
Jim<<

Dwarf lions, too small a tank
Hello,
I'm debating on getting a fu Manchu lion or a fuzzy dwarf lion.  I have
a 55gal with a chain link eel.
<This tank is not big enough for even just this eel. Bob Fenner>
I need your help. Which are more fun to
watch and aren't really that lazy?  I also heard that Fu Manchu lions are
hard to wean. I really like those lions but I don't know what one to
choose. Just give me some info on these guys. Thanks a bunch!
Ben
<See WWM re>

Disaster and Opportunity
Due to a power outage, I lost the bulk of my wet pets last week, including (heartbreak)<Sorry to hear that, Frank> my entire 280 gallon predator tank that included a successful (4 year old) ribbon eel.  The only one to survive was the single occupant of the 75 gallon tank I was getting ready to tear down, a Yellow Longnose Butterfly (can't believe he outlasted a Volitans lion, a Harlequin Tusk.. all the predatory bruisers!).  I don't have the finances to start from scratch with the 280 right now, so I was thinking of shifting my focus to the 75 gallon. Currently, the 75 gallon has 50 lbs of live rock and a wet/dry filter/protein skimmer combo.  As all my previous experience has been with larger predatory fishes, I was wondering if you guys could give some suggestions as to smaller, more colorful fishes compatible with my butterfly.  Fishes I have looked at this week include: a pair of Lineatus Fairy Wrasses, Flame or Coral Beauty Dwarf Angel, a Maroon Clown.. any other suggestions?  Would adding all of these tax my tank to the limit?  My main concerns here are hardiness, personality, and color.  I really feel like I am starting completely over in the hobby since I have always gone for the flashy big predators before!<Frank, I would omit the Maroon Clown. Any of the goby/blenny family would be safe.  Six line wrasses are colorful along with a Dragon Wrasse.  If you go to the Drs. Foster&Smith site, Live Aquaria, they have a compatibility chart you can review.  Also, do a search on the wetwebmedia for compatibility.  There are so many fish that would be compatible that I could not list all of them.  James (Salty Dog)>
Thank you all so much
Frank

Stocking questions
Hi Bob, and Anthony, and Mike, and... all.  I wanted to talk to the best, since my LFS can only tell me why I should sell my car to buy the new fish that I "absolutely must have."  I recently added a juvenile dwarf zebra lion to my 40? gallon (36x16x18) tank.  PH is 8.2, ammonia and nitrites are 0, and nitrates are 10 ppm.  Filtration is managed by an Aqua C remora (an excellent product), pulling 2+ cups of crud a week, and an Emperor 280 with carbon, which I change every three or four weeks.  Lighting is two 35 watt bulbs, which will be replaced with 95 watt VHO's when they burn out.<Hello Patrick.  Not when they burn out, but when they are a year old.>  The tank has 40 lbs of live sand, and 30 lbs of live rock, arranged in two equally sized piles at the ends of the tank, thus a large open sandy space in the middle.  Algae growth is up and down. Along with the lion, the tank is populated by several turbo and astrea snails, six scarlet hermits, a sand sifting star, and an emerald crab.  My questions: I want to add some soft corals, and/or anenomes (and a clownfish, I can get free maroons and perculas from a buddy of mine, would these work well with the lion?)<You will be adding too many fish for that size tank and with the lion, no small fish.  Also no corals till that lighting improves.  Two 35w tubes is not near enough to keep even soft corals.> to the tank.  I know that this mix is not recommended, but could it work if I put the anenomes<No anemones either, they require intense light.> on one rock and the corals on the other.  Incidentally, which group is more compatible with the lion, would anenomes pose a threat?  Oh, and are there any small, herbivorous fish that would help eat algae,<a sailfin (lawnmower) blenny would be best given its small size.> I would get a tang but cannot upgrade to a larger system for two or three years at the least.  Sorry to bother you and thank you very much for your help.<Go to www.wetwebmedia.com and search stocking levels and read this thoroughly.  James (Salty Dog)>
Pat

Re: Eel of some sort
Hi. I'm the girl with the eel of some sort.  I found out that its a snowflake eel, but I went ahead and returned it to the pet store.
<Ah, good to read>
Honestly, it's better off at a home without nearly a hundred teenagers staring at it day-in-day-out.  That and I'm no longer allowed to have my tank in isolation from the rest of the lab group.  As for my white-spotted puffer, he's going to a better home by the end of the week.  We've had someone purchase him from us.  So I believe the only creature we'll have is our starfish and the peppermint shrimp.  One of the other groups have a bunch of Spanish sardines that they're putting in our tank.  
<Neat>
Anyway, thank you for your help.  I wish I had thought of checking around before things got so bad for Hash.  I'll try to do better next time, if there is as next time.
~Jules
<Thank you for your diligence, follow-up. Bob Fenner>

Undulate Triggerfish and Gymnothorax tile, using WWM
Hey,
               I am  sorry to ask so many questions. I have just one more.
  Will an undulate triggerfish live with a Gymnothorax  tile. If so can you
tell me what he eats and how aggressive he is towards other  fish.
                                                        Best regards,                                                          Miles
<Please use the search tool (Google) on the homepage of our site: www.WetWebMedia.com with the names of the animals you list above. Bob Fenner>

Mixing Angels- A Good Idea?
HI Bob,
<Scott F. in today>
Great site. I am in the process of restocking my 75 gal  system. I currently have one fish, a 4" Flagfin angel, which is healthy and eating nicely.
<A nice fish with a somewhat spotty survival reputation...Glad yours is doing well!>  
I would like to add a pair of Saddleback clowns and  possibly an African Flameback angel.  Would the Flameback and the Flagfin  cohabit?  
<Tough call. Generally speaking, it is possible to mix some different genera of Angelfish together in an appropriately-sized system. The African Flameback is one of the smaller Centropyge, and may work with the Flagfin, which is in the genus Apolemichthys. However, your tank is sort of "on the border", in terms of acceptable size for mixing angels, IMO. I guess the bottom line is that it is a potential risk. Even though it's a feisty little fish, the Centropyge may still have some challenges when being introduced into a tank with an established angelfish. I would probably err on the side of caution and not mix multiple angels of any genus in any tank of less than 6' in length, simply because of the well-studied territorial needs of these fishes.>
If this is not appropriate I would then like to add a 3-4" Powder  Brown Tang (Japonicus).
<This is also a potentially problematic fish...Often offered as the "Powder Brown Tang", Acanthurus nigricans is a fish that generally does not do well in captive systems. The "White Faced Tang", Acanthurus japonicus (often mistakenly labeled the "Powder Brown Tang"!) is a better choice. Do check the Surgeonfish FAQs here on the WWM site for pictures on more information on each. That being said, I would hesitate once again to add this fish; I am not a big fan of Acanthurus or Paracanthurus tangs in any tank less than 6 feet in length. They range over large territories in the wild, and do better with roam to "roam" in captivity. I think that the smaller Zebrasoma flavescens (Yellow Tang) is a much more adaptable choice for this sized aquarium.>
This would total 4 fish in a system with 2-4" of  live sand and 20lbs of live rock.  I will be adding more rock in the future  since the holidays($$$) are over. Would this be too big of a  bio-load?  My current water parameters are Ammonia 0, Nitrites 0, Nitrates  20, Ph 8.2, Salinity 1.21, temp 78F.  I am
running Marineland Bio wheels  off of an Eheim canister 2215 along with a Sea clone 150 skimmer( it works for  me) and power heads for circulation. I also conduct 10% water changes  weekly.  Any suggestions or info will be appreciated.
Thanks.
<Your maintenance practices sound great! I would recommend that you stick to adding some smaller fishes instead. Perhaps a Pseudochromis species (careful- some can be rough!) or a Halichoeres species wrasse. Colorful fishes that stay relatively small...Good choices for a medium sized tank like yours. You could probably add two, possibly three smaller fishes to this tank, IMO. Have fun researching the possibilities! Good luck! Regards, Scott F.>
HPD

1st Tank - Clean up crew for my 40 gallon (UK)
Hi, <How goes it?
I've been advised by my LFS to buy his 'critter pack', what a surprise!
It consists of:
6 blue legged hermits
6 turbo snails
a choice of a brittle starfish or emerald crab.
Would this be sufficient to for my tank or too much??
<Probably not enough, and not much variety in species, either.  Check out the clean up packs at www.garf.org or www.liveaquaria.com>
I am going to stock 2 percula clowns at the same time.
<Don't add any fish until your tank is completely cycled!>
Cycling should finish in about 2 weeks time.
<Wait until then>
Thanks
Dave
<Anytime - M. Maddox>

Overstocked?
Hello!
     I just received a new 20 gal aquarium and filters, and I was hoping you could aid me on the fish choices I am hoping for.  I already have a well established 20gal with lots of LR, but it has always been understocked, so water quality has never been an issue.  That aquarium has 1 anemone of unknown species (couldn't find a match on your site, I found the looks, but the habitat preference was totally opposite), 1 fake Acropora coral, 2 snails, and 2 cardinals (my tomato clown and another cardinal recently died) It has good lights, and an eclipse filter/hood.  I wish to add to it 3 additional snails, 2 crabs, 1 clown goby (black or citrinus), 1 purple Pseudochromis, and 2 greenbanded gobies.<For that size aquarium you're pretty limited to about three small fish.?  For the other aquarium, I wish to filter it by running the water to a sump with a large AquaClear filter doing carbon, and a small AquaClear completely filled with biomedia, the intake to the sump would have 2 large sponges, and the overflow would have a screen to prevent any "fish inhalation."  For that aquarium I wish to have 1 valentini puffer, 1 Fu Manchu lionfish, possibly a bicolor or flame angel, and 1 chalk bass, also 5 snails and 3 crabs for maintenance.  Is this OK? <How big is the "other" aquarium?> I plan to cycle the fish with damsels, introduce some fish from the other aquarium (probably the cardinals) put in he puffer and bass (to replace the cardinals) then get the lion and maybe an angel for it.  For the damsels, they would end up as food for either the lion or my friend's huge Volitans or Wobbegong.  Also, what sort of decorations should be provided <Live rock is the best decoration> for the new tank? Any feedback would be appreciated.
Thanks in advance,<I suggest you read this article. http://www.wetwebmedia.com/stocking1.htm> James (Salty Dog)
Robert

- Livestock Selection -
Hi Crew,
How are you all, I hope you all had a good Christmas and New Years. <I can only speak for myself, I am well, thanks for asking.> It's been a while since my last question and you guys would be happy that to hear (since your site was partially responsible for leading me down this path) that my 'hobby' has now become a full-time job. I am in the process of starting a marine breeding business and my 80 gallon reef tank has now been joined by around ten other tanks of around 550 gallons (not including the 600 gallons of grow-out tubs I am setting up). I currently have breeding pairs of A. melanopus, brown A. clarkii, gold-banded P. biaculeatus, A. latezonatus (I don't suppose there is any info on these guys breeding habits?) <Not in my archive but perhaps a reader of this FAQ will respond.>, a mixed Solomon and N.T A. percula pair, a mixed species pair of A. akindynos and what appears to be a brown A. clarkii (I have heaps wanted to send pics for positive I.D but have not had much luck with sending pics to WWM), two l. californica, and a pair of Ptereleotris zebra. You also might be interested to hear that I am in the process of requisitioning a couple of pairs of A. mccullochi, my fingers are crossed and my breath is bated, I don't suppose you know where you can get a nice pair of A. leucokranos from :) . At the moment the P. zebra's have spawned (now to find a small enough first food) and the Percs and akindynos/clarkii pair are brooding, they are a couple of fat pot-bellied clowns.
The last time I wrote I was inquiring about appropriate food for a Moorish Idol, I have now had him for around seven months and he is fat, healthy and eats more then I can get to him. It has not been easy though, apart from the bouts of itch, Lymphocystis, pop-eye, a possible case of Oodinium and hunger strikes in the first few months he appears unique in many of his behavioral habits, which usually are seen in his eating habits, ( he seems to punish me for any lack of copious amounts of tasty food by randomly attacking corals, clams and even starfish) I have tried many different things with varied success but he is almost a job in himself, he eats more food then nearly half my fish put together and takes up more time then, say filter maintenance. I have kept a journal but will likely not do anything with it (If you guys were interested in reading it but not distributing it to the public I could send you a copy), the journal was supposed to maybe (if the Moorish Idol survived) help in their captive care but after spending some 'quality' time with only one Moorish Idol I would never encourage any one to keep one, even if they could be kept alive, and I should say that seven months isn't any real success and again I have only kept one, and if it is of importance, me and my Moorish Idol are Australian and after hearing of other Australian aquarist who have achieved some success with their captive care, I start to suspect like some other hardier regional species (like the Aussie Harlequin Tusk) that the Australian or Indo-pacific Moorish Idol could possible be hardier then it's Hawaiian counterparts. <Actually, I think it's more due to the fact that they don't get enough proper food. Observation of these fish in the wild shows that they eat constantly... most that I've seen in captivity get fed once a day, maybe twice... which just isn't enough to keep these fish alive. They require much more work than average fish and it's just not right to recommend a fish that will produce a 98+% mortality rate.>
I should probably get to the question at hand, I purchased a 4 inch Zebrasoma desjardinii about two months ago, the last month I have been organizing a more suitable home then the 55 gallon tank she is currently 'staying' in. I got an old 200 gallon 'tall' tank, it is around 4 foot long, 3 foot high, and 2 feet deep, I originally thought it would do for a year or so until I can upgrade to something like a 10 by 2 foot tank but I have been thinking that the 200 tall may be suitable, what do you think? <I think you'll have fun cleaning this tank, unless your arms are three feet long. I'm sure the fish will be fine.> I am just waiting for the special wet/dry I am getting made to come (the tank has been cycling with LR and canister filters), so I have been planning suitable tank-mates for my sailfin tang and have read a lot on your site in regards to compatibility, so I think my 'list' is suitable, but I wanted to just to run it by you guys and ask your opinion on what order I should add what. So far I have the Sailfin Tang, and a 4 inch Luna Wrasse (he is beginning to 'grow-up' in my display tank), I was thinking of also putting in a Diodon Holocanthus, a Odonus niger or Rhinecanthus aculeatus if the niger is too mean <Likely to be the other way around.> and a large angel like a P. navarchus (he is top on that list, would a juvenile be suitable, that is if it will grow quickly enough to keep up with the rest of the fish) P. diacanthus, P. annularis or P. xanthometapon. <None of these Angels are quick growers so pick one, and purchase it about the same size as your other fish.> If it's possible could you give me your opinion on the suitability of these tank-mates, and what order to stock them, it would be great to get your opinion on any alternative tank-mates for unsuitable ones or just an alternative group of tank-mates for a Sailfin Tang. <List seems fine to me given the size of the system. I would stock the angel last, otherwise I think any order will do.> Also, can you see any problems in regards to the depth of the tank in regards to filtration etc. <The height of the tank will make it difficult to get the lower part of the tank clean. Likewise, you will need circulation pumps/powerheads at many levels in the tank to insure there are no dead spots, otherwise you'll find yourself fighting problem algae.>
Sorry about the length of this e-mail, I have been having a hard time restraining my self in the last few months with all the excitement, so there was a bit more then just the question. <I noticed.> If you are interested in seeing pics of any thing I have mentioned I would be happy to send some, if not I will try and send a few pics with my next e-mail.
Thanks for all your help and keep up the fishy business
Ryan Christopher Dwyer
Ryan's Reef.
p.s. I used to sign Chris to e-mails, hence the Christopher above, I thought seeing this is my business now I should use my proper name, you never know, you guys may be interested in some of my A. mccullochi babies :).
<Cheers, J -- >

Marine mix
Hello,
I would like ask two fast questions: Will a snowflake and a round stingray get along?<Shouldn't be a problem there> and also will a Naso and a hippo tang get along.<Might be a problem there depending on the size of the tank.  Two tangs will need at least 75 gallons and if the snowflake and stingray are in the same tank then you will be overcrowding.  Both the eel and the stingray are excellent waste factories.  
Kind Regards,
Christo

- Compatibility Question -
I have a 20 gal high tank.  Fish only.  No live rock but plenty of filtration and aeration.  Had a salt water tank years ago and couldn't stand the little creepy crawly things that come with live rock.  They freaked me out too much!!! <Ahh... too bad, live rock and the accompanying fauna would really help you in a tank of this type.> Anyway, the tank has cycled (fishless cycle).  I need to do a water change before adding my fish to bring the nitrates down to the minimum level. Here is my question... Would a false perc clown, royal Gramma and 6 line wrasse be compatible???? <Yes, but due to the size of this tank I would recommend that you pick two of the three and perhaps substitute something smaller like a neon goby for the third.> Those would be the only fish in the tank due to the tank size.  Thanks
Jen
<Cheers, J -- >

Bio -Load for 75 gallon
Hello,
<Gut morgen>
I just want to see what you think about this bio load.
I have a 75 gallon RR with a 20 gallon long sump.  I
have about a 10-12 times turnover with ammonia and
nitrites reading 0 and nitrates between 20-30ppm.  I
keep the salinity between 1.025 and 1.026.  I'm trying
to get the nitrates down.  My tank has a 5 inch DSB
and about 130 pounds of live rock 60 gulf/70 Kaelini.
In addition to about 6 soft corals and 2 LPS's I have:
1 gold rimmed tang (A. nigricans) 2.5 inches
1 Yellow Eye Tang (Hawaii) 2.5 inches
2 Maroon clowns (3 inches/1 inch)
1 Green spot Mandarin
4 Blue-Green Reef Chromis (1.5 to 3/4 inch)
1 Six Line Wrasse (3/4 inch)
1 Forktail Blenny (1 Inch)
1 Bi-color Pseudo (1 inch)
1 Jawfish (1.5 Inch)
1 Flamehawk Fish (1.5 inch)
1 large Bubble tip ( about 9 inches across)
3 peppermint shrimp
2 cleaner shrimp
1 serpent star
1 red brittle star
about 20 turbo and cerith snails.
<Sounds okay... now and for the foreseeable future (growth)>
Everything looks healthy.  No problem with ich or any
other diseases and everything is eating well.  I just
don't want to overload the tank.  If I had to I would
get rid of the Chromis first (easier said than done).
Let me know what you think.  Also let me know if you
see any potential problems.  I am getting a larger
tank 210 plus, but will not be moving into my new
house for about a year and a half.  Thank you for your
time and any suggestions
Aaron
<Mmm, I'd add a light, some macroalgae to your sump, now a refugium, watch what, how much you feed and dang the torpedoes. Bob Fenner>

Just starting out...
Hi there...
<Hello>
I'm a newbie and have been wandering through your site, and the web trying
to find what fish would be best for my tank.
<I see>
It's a 29 gallon tank.  Right now there's about 9 pounds of live rock (I
plan to get more) and a substrate (1/2-1") of crushed coral.  I have a
single 50-50 light bulb in the hood.
So far, I have a yellow-tailed damsel and a blue devil damsel.  (I didn't
want either one of them... but that's what I got.  I asked for blue Chromis
and was given these instead.  When I questioned the guy, he insisted that
they were both blue Chromis.
<Likely of the genus Chrysiptera... not Chromis as you state>
  Since I trusted him to know better than I, I
bought them but have since done the research and discovered what they
really are.)
<Not likely a big deal to "trade them in"... and they may well prove to be too pugnacious in this size system...>
Anyway, yesterday I added 2 percula clownfish (the reason I started the
tank) and all seem to be quite happy.
<Mmm, are you aware of quarantine, dipping procedures to exclude biological disease...?>
Can you recommend some fish that would be suitable tankmates for these?
<Actually, this small system is about "filled up" fish-wise with what you have. You might try some hardy small marine invertebrates>
I
would really like to get rid of the blue devil damsel because she annoys
me.  She keeps darting at the yellow-tail, and hides a lot in a little cave
that she has claimed.
<Then do so>
I would like to get a royal Gramma and a cleaner shrimp, but have no great
opinions beyond that.
<These might be good replacements for the two feisty damsels>
  I like the bright colours of the fish that I have
so far.  Do you have any recommendations?  I know you probably can't say,
but how many fish could I successfully raise in a tank of this size?
<Not a matter of number, unless you stated the referent conditions... an example, what is the maximum number of given species... that could survive/grow to X size... in what time... Small volumes can not safely house many fishes of any given mix of species>
I have been told 1" per 5 gallons, but that it depends on the filtration and such things.
<Ah, yes>
I have read 1/2" per gallon on your site.  I'd like to get
several cleaner shrimp when I can save the money, because I've read that
they do better in groups, but I don't want to overload the system.
<Mmm... good... most cleaners are better not mixed, definitely not crowded... they do/can eat each other... if stressed, hungry... molting>
By the way, my husband and I would like to upgrade to at least a 100 gallon
tank within the next several years, once we become proficient with this tank.
<Yay! Now you're talking! I assure you, the larger tank is not only much easier to stock, but immensely more facile to maintain>
Thanks for your help,
Amy Skipper
<Bob Fenner>

Mis-stocking marines
    Hi this is Jonathan I have just a few
questions. I have 125gal tank and I have
1) small blue damsel
2) Clarks anemonefish
1) glass goby
1) firefish
I have just started putting coral in,
I have (4) flame scallops, button polyps, and a Carpet
anemone. I Thinking of getting some soft corals and maybe
some Euphyllia. My question is will a comet, regal tang,   
and trigger do okay.
<Uhh, no... Jonathan, the scallops are hard to keep in most types of aquariums (mostly starve), Regal Tangs (if you're referring to Acanthurus lineatus, not Paracanthurus hepatus) are amongst the most difficult of acanthurids for marine aquarium use... and triggers will chew up most all your invertebrates...>
Can you suggest a fairly docile reef safe
trigger.
<Read WWM re>
The only one that fit my description was
a Blue chin trigger. I was also somewhat worried that
the Comet might try to eat my docile fish. Could
that be avoided by keeping it well feed, and
could the Comet also be feed enriched live Brine shrimp.
I use Vita-chem to enrich the brine shrimp. Is feeding my
Carpet Anemone two times a week with scallop enough
Thanks for our help. Without you guys I'd be a lost Teen.
<Read on my young friend. Your questions are answered and the ones beyond them on WetWebMedia.com
Bob Fenner>

Marine livestock recommendations
Hello those of WWM!
<Hi there Tamara>
I just wanted to first let you know that I love all the information I have been able to find on your site so far, very helpful.  I'm writing because we have been unfortunately losing fish one at a time for different reasons for a couple of months and it some of them have been due to poor choices of fish (i.e. the fish are difficult to keep).  When we purchase a fish from the LFS we always ask a lot of questions, but perhaps not always the right ones.  My question for you is what you would recommend to round out our tank.  I don't want to overstock or put in those who would be incompatible with our current inhabitants.  We have a 46 gal bowfront with about a 1" of live sand, 15-20 lbs. of live rock, a 3" blue tang, a 1.5" percula clown, a cleaner shrimp, and a handful of blue-leg crabs.  Any recommendations for other fish would be greatly appreciated!
Thanks in advance.
Tamara
<Perhaps a Gramma or one of the more peaceful Dottyback species would add color, another point of interest. Your choices are actually in the thousands. Bob Fenner>

Adding fish
Hi there, <Hey, MacL here with you tonight.> Wish all of you a happy new year & hope you had a merry Christmas as well. <Very kind and thank you so much.> I am deeply concerned with the major earthquake just happened in Indonesia that would have devastated the marine life around there. Lets hope that it is not as bad....<Such a tragic toll on human life as well. The scenes of devastation are so sad.>
Well, I need to consult you gentlemen on the issues confronting me again, as usual, it is great comfort to know that you experienced & knowledgeable guys can be counted on for such valuable services to us, the hobbyist. <You are very kind, once again thank you.>
1. I have run "fallow" my 90 gal main display for seven weeks ( with only 2 cleaner shrimps happily roaming about)& I intend to put my fish back in the display. Currently, each of my five fish is housed in separate Q tanks & has been under treatment & they all seem well & ready to go back to main tank now. <I bet you are excited! Just be aware that your shrimps could possibly have held on to the parasite if that's why you went fallow. Not that it did happen but that it could happen.>
2. I have Emperor angel( 6") , Majestic Angel (4"), Sohal Tang (4"), Cleaner Wrasse(2") & Picasso Trigger(2").  
3. The question I have is: In what order I should put the fish back in the main display with proper consideration of their affinity for territorial fight & desirability of dominating the tank? <You are going to have to add the angels at the same time in my opinion. They are too close together in size and territoriality.> Some local folks here advise me to put all in together & let them re-establish their own turfs without any one assuming the prior dominance. I can see the advantage of such suggestion but  concerned with the surge of bio-loading causing "new tank syndrome". <I do think you'd be causing a lot of stress by adding them all at once.> On the other hand, if I have to resort to putting them back one by one in 1-2 weeks interval, then which one should go first, second, third & fourth & fifth  (By the way: Can the Picasso trigger go in the main tank ...I would like to do that BUT fearful of it taking my cleaner shrimps as tempura prawns... Can you advise me on this too? <The trigger might not eat them immediately but he will eventually eat them.> My current guess is Cleaner Wrasse, being small, will go in first. My struggle is which order is good among the emperor (6") , Sohal Tang (4") & Majestic angel( 4")? OR EVEN possibly Trigger?  I provide the  additional info below.
4. Display tank was originally stocked with Majestic in April this year, followed by Cleaner Wrasse. Than a Sohal Tang was added in. This Sohal quickly established its arrogance & preventing the Majestic from getting out of its cave at night. Then Sohal was found to have velvet. We removed it to Q tank. Than we added an Emperor (after quarantine for 2 weeks). It was aggressive at first, chasing the majestic away from the food feeding corner. But that didn't last long. Majestic fought back. Some times later, we could see the emperor lying low & scared in its hole. Then it developed fin rot & velvet. We removed it. Then we found the majestic fell prey to that same disease again. We decided to take it out & ran the main tank "fallow". ---- I hope this helps to paint a better picture to you.<It does help quite a bit. I really do think that you will need to add them both at the same time in order to let them establish their territories at the proper time. The other fish I would add after a week or perhaps two.> The Sohal never met the Emperor. If they do, I wonder which one will dominate? <Generally tangs and angels don't have problems unless they  are too crowded. You might end up having to consider a larger tank for these fish all get fairly large when full grown.>  Do you have prior experience? I think that can be crucial to the order of sequence?
5. by the way, I have booked an alert & vibrant Bicolour Dwarf angel for my newly established reef tank. May I consult your opinion on Cu treatment for Quarantine of this fish. I heard that they are sensitive to CU, what other alternative I have? Please advise... <There is the option of freshwater dipping, You can find directions on the site and just keeping him isolated for four weeks to see if there are any problems that arise from him.>
Thanks in advance for your ever helpful response. <Hope that helps. MacL>
Best regards.

Stocking an aggressive tank
Hi, thanks for all your helpful info on your website.  I am setting up an aggressive fish only tank.  It is a 140 gal tank with bio balls, skimmer, and a 25 w UV sterilizer.  I plan on buying a Picasso Triggerfish, a Harlequin Tuskfish, and a Lionfish.  What is your recommendation on type of Lionfish and some potential tankmates. << I love Fu Man Chu lions.  But all lions are great.  Make sure to have lots of live rock and a refugium on that system. >>  Also, in what order do these fish go in the tank? << I would add the Tuskfish last.  Other great tank mates would be large wrasse and large damsels (which I would add first). >>
<<  Blundell  >>

Royal Gramma or Bicolor Pseudochromis
I've always wanted a Royal Gramma in my saltwater system.  I do have a 90
gallon rectangular tank with 90lbs live rock.  I've constructed two rock
clusters with ample tunnels and hiding spots.  I figured that I was simply
looking for a half purple and half yellow fish.  Went to Big Al's Aquarium
and saw a sign for a Royal Dottyback.  I asked if it was a Royal Gramma...
the staff member said "Dottyback, Gramma... same fish".  I was satisfied and
proceeded with my purchase. << Hmmm, not sure about that one. >>
I also have in my tank:
1 smaller Orange Spotted Goby
1 fairly thick 4" Yellow Watchman goby
2 Percula Clowns
Coral Banded Shrimp
Pistol Shrimp
I also purchased an Algae Blenny that is of a fair size, about same size as
my yellow watchman goby.  I do have a # of blue legged hermits and would
like to add one cleaner shrimp and some more crabs, brittle star, maybe a
feather duster.
Should I be concerned of my mistaken purchase??  I've read that the Royal
Dottyback is territorial but would most likely only pose problems to another
Dottyback or wrasse in confined spaces.  Are they ok with feather dusters,
stars, and crabs? << Regardless of whether your fish is a Gramma or a Dottyback it is a safe purchase.  Both fish are suitable for your aquarium. >>
I noticed the Dottyback disappeared in my rockwork for a day, but finally
came out the second day when my timed tank light went on.  He was
interesting to watch and I learned how porous some of my liverock was when
he disappeared into the rock and came out the other end.  Beside the
point... he swam up to and investigated my smaller goby.  He left him alone,
but it almost looked as though he was 'sizing him up'... either that or he
was curious.  I've also read on another website that Pseudochromis and
blennies should be kept together with caution.  My algae blenny at the
moment seems the most territorial (even though he's new) and I don't think I
am concerned because he's probably 3 times as thick as the Dottyback... but
then again, I've heard Dottybacks taking on fish 3 times their size.
<< They should be fine.  Especially in a tank as large as your tank. >>
In short, do you think I should be ok, should I catch him and return him?
I guess in nature anything can happen... heck my cute little Yellow Watchman
Goby caught and more or less swallowed by Cleaner Shrimp a month ago.
They'd been living together for over a year without any problems.  The
shrimp was fairly big too.  Weird.
<< Now that is odd. >>
One last thing, my two Clowns (they are the bigger fish in the aquarium)
usually hangout at the back when lights are off.  Today they were almost
frantically pacing the front of my tank bumping against the tank walls.  I
did rearrange the rock work and the fish were out of the system for two
days.  Think they are just disoriented?  Or do you think they want out of
the tank because of a mean Dottyback?
<< Disoriented.  I wouldn't stress any of the fish by removing them at this point. >>
Kinda pi$$e$ me off that a place like Big Al's would be so uneducated on
what appears to be two very common yet different fish?  << They may have sold you a Gramma, I'm not sure without seeing a picture.  But a quick internet search could tell you that as I'm sure there are lots of pictures of grammas on the internet. >> I had no interest in
a Pseudochromis and never had read anything about them... therefore had no
knowledge of the Bi-color Pseudochromis.  Perhaps on your website under the
Royal Gramma you could post a warning not to confuse with a Bi-color
Pseudochromis???
Thanks guys... your site continually saves me (sometimes after the fact).
Note:  Last year when I was concerned that there was a bomb in my tank
(because it was ticking...)  yep, it was a pistol shrimp (thank god not a
mantis) that somehow made it's way into my liverock I guess?
<< Good luck. >>
Merry Christmas to ya!
<< And to you as well. >>
Dave
<<  Blundell  >>

Creating a Cool Mix (Compatibility)
Howdy Wet ones!
<Hey there! Scott F. with you tonight!>
I have a question on fish compatibility and stocking order.  I have a 90G reef (SPS and clams), been running for many years now.  I am planning to re-stock it completely, so I was wondering about my choices, thought I would bounce it off you nice folks.
<Sure...Just remember, the answers here are just my opinions.>
I would like to have a Yellow Tang and a Blue (Paracanthurus hepatus) Tang.  Wondering about the size of the tank housing both though...might be a tad small.
<Agreed. I wouldn't put two tangs together in any tank less than 6 feet in length, and I'd avoid the P. hepatus in a tank smaller than this, too.>
If not the two, than at least one, but which one?
<Yellow Tang. Hands down!>
Also, a small group (how many??) of Anthias, Bartlett's perhaps, or a better choice of Anthias??
<Bartlett's are nice; one of the easiest of the Anthias to keep, too. I wouldn't keep more than 3 in a tank of this size, though>
A "reef safe" wrasse (Fairy, Mystery...), which one would you recommend based on the previous choice of fish.  Maybe a Bodianus bimaculatus??  
<I love almost all of the Halichoeres species Wrasses. They are not as "sexy" as the pricier Fairy Wrasses, but they are hardy, colorful, and have wonderful personalities. Most are a lot less skittish than the Fairy Wrasses, too!>
I do have an open top though, could prove to be a problem for the wrasses.
<Although they are less skittish than the Fairy Wrasses, they still can, and do- jump. An egg crate barrier might help keep them in.>
What other recommendations would you have for the above mentioned mix?
<I like Blennies and Gobies, myself. Some of the more passive (that's a relative term, though!) Pseudochromids, like P. flavivertex or P. fridmani work nicely.>
As for stocking order, I imagine the Yellow Tang would be the last to add?
<If it's the only tang, yes. Otherwise, you could put it in at any time, IMO>
What if I get the Regal and Yellow Tang, what order would they be added.
<I'd add the (touchier) Regal first. But then again, I would not mix these Tangs in this tank!>
Thanks a lot, your opinions are greatly appreciated!
Paul
<Glad to be of service, Paul! Good luck! Regards, Scott F.>

Stocking question :)
As usual I would like to start by giving props on such an awesome site.  All of you and your never-ending knowledge are a great help to my non-existent knowledge.  I currently have a 54 gal. corner fish only with about 25 lbs. live rock and crushed shell for the bottom.  I have a 2215 Eheim and a prism pro skimmer.. (very soon upgrading!!) and a UV
sterilizer. (forgot the wattage but LFS said it's good enough.. I hope)!  Around March or April I'll be upgrading to a 100-140gallon.
okay, first question.  Would it be advisable to add live sand to the bottom to help with filtration and if so what kind and how much??<I would recommend sand for a fish only tank.  It doesn't matter what kind.  I prefer sand but some prefer crushed coral.  Make sure it is aragonite and use 1lb per gal.>
second question: I currently have 2 percula clowns, one coral beauty, one regal tang, one
really sweet damsel fish, (yes I know hard to believe but she is)<No, it is not.  I have one too.!>, and a yellow tang. the tangs and the angel are about 1.5 - 2 inches. I was wondering if you could help me on my next and last fish because I'm totally lost and confused. <Well I think that is enough fish for a 54 gallon tank.  I wouldn't recommend another fish for that set up.  But if you are talking about the upgrade then O.K.> first of all... can I add another angel and if so what kind.<Anything that is a different color from the coral beauty.> I was also thinking of a butterfly and if I can do that then what kind.<I always like the long nose butterfly or the copperband.>  Any other suggestions please share them, but also pretty please be specific since I'm pretty clueless.  Thanks again all of you.<Not a problem, MikeB>
-heather

Marine stocking ideas
Afternoon guys... <Howdy Dave, MacL here with you today.>
I have had a 90 gallon saltwater tank for two years now.  I have left my tank pretty empty with only 4 fish and a couple of shrimp. <BRAVO!!!> I have been reading through your website as well as some others for some ideas on populating my tank.  I will not add too much all at once of course and will be careful to quarantine all new arrivals.  I do like a mix of crab/shrimp/fish/stars/plants? <You can have such a lovely tank like that.>
Do you have any recommendations or favorites that you would add to a community tank? <Well my favorites are tangs but depending on the amount of plants they will chow down on them.> I have pretty basic lighting which I understand won't be suitable for most corals; however I do think it would be neat to have some sort of live plant/worm life. <Caulerpas and some Halimeda might work.> I also do seem to have continuous minor algae problems. <Before you add additional fish I heartily recommend that you figure out what is causing it.>
2 Percula Clowns (the larger one is quite nippy)
1 Yellow Watchman Goby (very territorial)
1 Orange Spotted Goby
Coral Banded Shrimp
Pistol Shrimp
90lbs of Live Rock
Will have about a 3" + live sand bottom
Minor green hair algae issues
I do have a protein skimmer
I would really like to coordinate my livestock around one larger feature fish.  I was thinking the Blue Tang might be a good choice? <They are a lovely fish>  Would you advise against a Zebra Moray Eel or Snowflake Eel? <I love zebra morays but they will eat shrimps and other invertebrates.> From what I have read, the Zebra would be pretty good, but perhaps my tank is a little too small?  Would the Snowflake feast on my shrimp and crabs? <Unfortunately they all would.>  Are any of the dwarf lionfish suitable? <I like the fu man chu's but they can be difficult to get eating.>  What about nice looking colorful plants or worms? <I kept a red and green cuke for 6 years so I love them but your tank parameters would need to be totally stable.>
Was thinking of a lawnmower blenny... would a blenny and the two gobies be crowding the bottom of my tank? <Lawnmower blenny's won't stay on the bottom. My personal favorite blenny is the "bicolor blenny">
What is a suitable cleanup crew and variety of tank life (some of your favorites) that you think would work well? <Great mixes of snails, and I really recommend fighting conchs.>
Thanks for the input guys! <There are so many ways to go with this tank Dave, you could have such fun with it. >
Dave

Tank compatibility 12/6/04
My current 125 FOWLR has the following tenants:
yellow tang
juvenile blue angel
purple firefish
sixline wrasse
royal Gramma
chalk bass
green Chromis
Three compatibility questions:  First, any problems adding a Foxface? <I recently added a Foxface to my tank. The tangs went wild chasing him for several days but things calmed down and now he's fine.>  WWM says the Foxface generally leaves everyone alone except their own kind, but LFS says he may attack the firefish.  <Mine is just terribly peaceful towards the other fish.> Second, what about a Desjardin sailfin tang?  LFS says my yellow tang may attack him, but if I add two more tangs I'll be ok. <They are different types of fish and different colors so most thought is that you can add them together but tangs are territorial fish and they can and will fight for their territory with all different kinds of fish.> If so, what about a sailfin and either a Kole or Goldrim (japonicus)? <I would say that three tangs will eventually outgrow your tank so if you add another or two others be prepared that eventually they will need to be put in a larger tank.> Finally, can I add an eibli angel? LFS says he won't get along with my blue angel. <Usually as a dwarf Eibl's will get along with the full sized angels>  They are different genus, shape, size, and color, so I'm not sure if there's a real problem there.  They also said that, like the tangs, if I add two more angels I should be ok. <I wouldn't suggest adding more angels.>  Any truth to this "threesome is ok" rule, or are they just trying to sell me another fish? <Sometimes three fish will school but you have to be VERY careful about their size and what you add. Also, I have never seen any kind of angelfish school.>  Any other livestock recommendations would be greatly appreciated. <I'd add the Foxface and the eibli angel if it was me. I think that would be a lovely tank. Although instead of a Foxface you might look at some of the other Rabbitfish for a different coloration. MacL>

Questions from a beginner. Angel, Butterfly et al. stocking
Hello WWM Crew.
<Hi there>
I'm a beginner in this hobby with very limited experience.  My only
experience is with freshwater fish (African cichlids).  I've decided to move
on and get a 150-gallon marine tank.  I'm primarily interested in large
angels and butterflies.
(1)  With full adult sizes in mind, how many large angels can I keep in this
tank?
<One or even less>
(2)  If I can only keep 1 because of the size of the tank and/or
compatibility between large angels, how many butterflies can I have with 1
large angel?  Can I add tangs/surgeons, too?  How many?
<Possibly... depends on species...>
(3)  Will this be the maximum bioload for this system?
<Could be>
Any help you can offer will be much appreciated.
Thanks.
Arnel
<Best help... take your time... enjoy the journey/process of educating yourself, ferreting through your choices, options. READ over the materials on Stocking, these groups of fishes posted on www.WetWebMedia.com
Haste makes waste my friend. Bob Fenner>

Fish Compatibility + eel and ray
Hello,
<Hi there>
I would like to know if eels (snowflake or zebra) will be compatible with a juv. California Sting Ray appx. 5" in Diameter.
If yes what size, and will they still be compatible once they grow larger. Also I would like to know for the same tank if all these fish would be compatible with each other and the Stingray, and maybe the eel, if he is fine with the ray. A juv. Naso 4", Regal Hippo tang 2", Sailfin Tang 3", Auriga Butterfly 3" Coral Beauty Pygmy Angel 3", juv Passer Angel 2"-3" and a Lo Foxface 3".
Thanks for the input
Chris
<Nope... likely Urolophus halleri, but all CA rays are too coldwater to go with tropical Morays... and too likely they'd get stuck by a stingray to boot. Bob Fenner>>

Re: Fish Compatibility + eel and ray
How about the fish, will they do good together with the ray ? I really appreciate everything! I bought a yellow tang for my reef yesterday  ( a different tank). I am feeding him Nori, he eats it but not a lot. He's about an inch w/o the fin. What else will be a good food source? Red Nori, freeze-dried brine?
Thank You
Chris 
<My young friend... you have not even stated the size of this system... Take your time... and read over the materials archived for your purpose on www.WetWebMedia.com re Selection, Feeding... even issues of set-up. All is revealed there. Bob Fenner>

Skimmer and Fish Selection
HI...
You have a fantastic resource.  I was lost and frustrated with the answers I was getting from my LFS.  That leads to my 2 questions.  At their recommendation I bought a 65G tank, Penguin 400 BioWheel, medium crushed coral, 10 lbs Fiji LR and 25 lbs. of base rock.  I set up the tank and let it run for a few days until it was clear and the temp. and salinity was stable ( 79 deg & 1.022).
<Good>
Then I put in 6 damsels,
<Yikes... this is too many... scrappy fishes>
like I was told, to start cycling the tank. (I'm 1 month in now and everything is on track they say)  One died in the first week and they said it was "normal."
<Glad they're not responsible for your dog... children!>
This worried me and that was how I found your site.  I was looking for more answers than "normal."  Now they are recommending that I get a CPR BakPakII skimmer.  They say that the bio bale is what makes it better.  
<Yes, not a bad choice>
From what I've read here it's too small for my tank to work effectively.  Is that true?
<Mmm, no... "good enough" depending on what and how much life you intend to keep>
I've seen a lot of talk about the AquaC Remora skimmer.  Would it be a better choice?
<In general, yes>
Should I add more LR to help with the Biofiltration?
<Sure>
I know it's more than 2 questions but my 2nd topic is fish selection.  I'm trying to plan ahead.  I tried to read as much as I can and it all seems a bit like guessing.  I want "happy" fish to watch.  What I'm considering are:
Foxface Rabbitfish
Picasso Trigger
Valentini Puffer
Dwarf Lionfish
Snowflake eel
I plan on adding them in 2 week intervals.
<Good idea>
I'm afraid that either they'd eat each other or outgrow the tank.
<They will do this... and the Trigger is likely to cause at least the Lion trouble... competing for food, perhaps biting the Lion... and possibly the Eel...>
  The Foxface and the Picasso are the definites.  What are some suggestions to what would go with them.
<I suggest going back to the "drawing table" here... and re-investigating your choices... Other than the Valentini Puffer, which can be a nuisance biting other livestock, all the fishes listed have some serious drawbacks for your size system... I would seek more suitable choices>
I just want something that's different and colorful.
Thank you for your help. Your FAQ's work better than Ativan for my nerves. :)
Mike
<Glad to present a more suitable alternate. Study a bit longer my friend. Important to get your assortment right... to avoid troubles later. Bob Fenner>

Bioload question
Hey crew,
<Mickey>
I'd like to tap into your vast collective knowledge again!  My tank is
a 175g bowfront with a sizable sump (100g capacity), contains around
250lbs of Haitian live rock, and is aggressively skimmed.  
Ammonia/Nitrite/Nitrate are kept at undetectable levels.  Calcium ~400.
  PH 8.3.  1.026 specific gravity.  Current stock includes:
Motile:
5 Azure Damsels  (I wish there were less, but can't catch 'em!)
2 Banggai Cardinals
1 Firefish Goby
1 Blackcap Basslet
1 Purple Tang
1 Powder Brown Tang (A. nigricans according to Scott Michael ...
there's some confusion with A. japonicus?)
<Yes, I believe Scotter, editors has this fish mis-identified in the "handbook">
1 baby Hippo/Regal Tang
2 Skunk Cleaner Shrimp
3 Peppermint Shrimp
3 Emerald Crabs
1 Rose BTA
1 Orange Linckia
1 Blue Tuxedo Urchin
Assorted snails / hermits
Sessile:
Sarcophyton trocheliophorum Leather
Euphyllia divisa Frogspawn
Euphyllia ancora Anchor
Plerogyra sinuosa Bubble
Plerogyra sinuosa Octobubble or Pearl
Favites flexuosa Closed Brain
Platygyra daedalea Maze Brain
Caulastrea furcata Trumpet
Galaxea paucisepta
3 Trachyphyllia geoffroyi Open Brains
Cynarina lachrymalis Button
Various Zoanthus sociatus polyps
Various Ricordea
Various Discosoma mushrooms
Now to the question!  How close to maximum bioload do suppose the
system is?
<If all at are maximum size, especially the sessile invert.s, then pretty full-up>
We would like to add a few more fish, perhaps Anthias
(Threadfin or Bartlett's) or Fairy Wrasses (Cirrhilabrus) but I don't
want to tax the system and risk losing any inhabitants.
<Mmm, these could go in... and likely be very nice additions>
I always want
to keep overall aggression to a low thunder.  (For the record, the
Damsels rarely pick on anyone but each other ... and even the
supposedly timid Firefish is normally front and center picking tidbits
out of the current.)
Thanks!
Mickey
<Sounds like a very nice system, arrangement... I would go forward with your planned additions. Bob Fenner>

Skimmer and Fish Selection
HI...
You have a fantastic resource.  I was lost and frustrated with the answers I was getting from my LFS.  That leads to my 2 questions.  At their recommendation I bought a 65G tank, Penguin 400 BioWheel, medium crushed coral, 10 lbs Fiji LR and 25 lbs. of base rock.  I set up the tank and let it run for a few days until it was clear and the temp and salinity was stable ( 79 deg & 1.022).  Then I put in 6 damsels ,like I was told, to start cycling the tank.
<A very common and unnecessary mistake.> (I'm 1 month in now and everything is on track they say)  One died in the first week and they said it was "normal."
<Run away from this LFS!>  This worried me and that was how I found your site.  I was looking for more answers than "normal."
<Well it probably died from ammonia in the water.  Definitely not "normal" in a reef tank.>  Now they are recommending that I get a CPR BakPakII skimmer.  They say that the bio bale is what makes it better.  From what I've read here it's too small for my tank to work effectively.  Is that true?
<Yes, IMO>
  I've seen a lot of talk about the AquaC Remora skimmer.  Would it be a better choice?
<Great skimmer, and yes, probably.>
  Should I add more LR to help with the Biofiltration?
<A good rule of thumb is between 1-2 lbs per gallon total.>  I know it's more than 2 questions but my 2nd topic is fish selection.  I'm trying to plan ahead.  I tried to read as much as I can and it all seems a bit like guessing.  I want "happy" fish to watch.  What I'm considering are:
Foxface Rabbitfish
<Great fish.>
Picasso Trigger
<Will eventually outgrow your tank, and will make short work of any shrimp or small fish you'd like to keep.  Will also eat all the neat little creatures on your live rock that you paid so much for!>
Valentini Puffer
<Stays small, but same as above.>
Dwarf Lionfish
<A good choice if you don't intend on keeping any small fish or shrimp.>
Snowflake eel
<Same as the lion.>
I plan on adding them in 2 week intervals
<Might want to lengthen that to one per month.  And please quarantine!>.  I'm afraid that either they'd eat each other or outgrow the tank.  The Foxface and the Picasso are the definites.  What are some suggestions to what would go with them. I just want something that's different and colorful.
<A few small colorful choices:
Sixline wrasse
Orchid Dottyback
Clownfish, of course
Flame angel
Fairy wrasses
Firefish
Hawkfish
Hope this helps!>
Thank you for your help. Your FAQ's work better than Ativan for my nerves. :)
Mike

Stocking a 135
Hello thanks for answering all of my questions which have helped me a lot. We have just set up our tank. Its 135 gallon reef tank with a 40 gallon sump and refugium. Here is our stocking list
3-5 chalk bass
1 orchid Dottyback
1 royal Gramma
1 coral beauty
pair of pink skunk clowns
pair of perculas
1 scarlet wrasse
1 Midas blenny
3 cleaner gobies
1 yellow watchman goby
1 Atlantic blue tang
1 scopas tang
<Look like good choices>
How's does this look. The two things I am worried about are the tangs and the Gramma and Dottyback. Will there be any problems do you think?
<Should be no problem... these should get along fine... due to the system size, differences in body shape, habitat use>
and If the Atlantic blue wont go with the scopas what other tang can you recommend? Also what order should I stock these guys in? And what is the best macro algae for a refugium?
<For macroalgae, please read over the various opinions archived on WWM>
thanks a lot
Tristan
<I would place the Clownfishes last... and the dwarf angel toward the end... to allow for more growth of food items in situ. Bob Fenner>

Pinktail and Kole tang?
I have a 75 gallon aquarium with a 20 inch zebra moray eel and a 3 inch
coral beauty angelfish.  I would love to add a Kole (yellow eye) tang
and a pink tail triggerfish. Do I have enough room for a small Pinktail
to grow for a couple of years or is it too small. Thanks for the GREAT
website!!!
Julie Bryant, Marquette MI.
<If the Trigger starts small (a few inches) and is fed sparingly these animals should get along fine for a few years... do keep an eye on water quality (of course) as there is sure to be occasional challenges to pH, alkaline reserve. Bob Fenner>

Fish Selection
Hello!  I came upon your website a few weeks ago, and have subsequently spent many hours combing for research on various topics.  This is my first saltwater tank.  I have a 75 gallon currently.  My problem is this, there are several species of fish that I want to have, but they all seem to be territorial.
<The world's reefs are vast...>
I want a tank that is happy and don't want to put incompatible fish together.  So, I would like to solicit your help in selection.  Currently, I have 3 green Chromis, a six line wrasse, bicolor blenny, cleaner shrimp, and 4 turbo snails.  Please give me your input on the following additions: sailfin tang, yellow tang, ocellaris clown pair, flame angel, coral beauty angel, scooter blenny, and green mandarin (later).
<In order of likely aggressiveness: the Sailfin Tang (which species?), Clowns... add only one of the Centropyge angels... the rest. The Yellow Tang, Scooter and Mandarin you can add at any time.>
I will not get all of these fish, but what are your thoughts on any of these (together or not) with my existing fish.  What can go together and what should not be placed in the tank.  Also, could I have invertebrates (starfish, anemones, etc.)?  
Thanks so much!
Jennifer
<Leave off on invertebrates till you understand a bit more... read over the practical husbandry of these groups, animals on WetWebMedia
Bob Fenner>

Compatibility in 60 gal FOWLR
Greetings WWM CREW,
I am getting a 60 gal (4 feet) fish only with about 15lbs of liverock
in the tank and about 20 in the sump. Is this enough for biological
filtration?
<Yes>
I am also using a Via Aqua canister filter 650, a Jebo
protein skimmer and a 9 watt ultra violet. Is this filtration pretty
ok for a fish only?
<With the sump it should be>
How much live sand will be good? Can I mix some
play sand (the ones made form Caribbean sand) and some Florida live
sand? How much of Each?
<Please read over these subjects on our site: www.WetWebMedia.com
If you want you can use the Google Search tool, or peruse the indices on the Marine root web>
Now about the stocking, I always make many
lists of different fish etc. (I have a reef tank as well, and another
fish only). First of all I'm thinking of putting some large synthetic
coral skeletons (white, about 2 with the 15lbs live rock) for
decorations and to allow for hiding places, but still a lot of
swimming room. For the fish I will start out after the cycling with a
yellow tang (which will later be put into my reef) to make sure all is
well.
<I would NOT cycle the system with a tang>
Then for the fish that will stay- a blue hippo, (small one at my
LFS probably 2") a yellow lo Foxface (pretty small again 3") then a
juv. Naso tang( I know they need large tanks, but my friend has kept
on in his 60 for about a year and a half with no problems, probably
4") or can I go even smaller?
<Yes... a sturdy fish even at small sizes>
I've read on WWM that buying smaller than
4" is not a good idea. Then a threadfin butterfly (3") and a
Pakistani (3") (will they get along? what other butterflies will get
along better with a threadfin?).
<Please read this over on WWM>
These will be added over a period of
a year, except probably the hippo and Naso- close to the same time
for territorial purposes (do they need to be added at the same time
or is it ok for different times?). Then my last fish after probably a
year I want juv Passer angel (3"-4") I've read they're probably one of
the easiest large angels...should I buy juv, or adult?
<Neither the Passer or Naso will be happy in a sixty gallon>
Well these are
my hopes for this tank, If it is too overstocked then please let me
know which ones will be best to let go (the only fish I really want
strongly in this tank is the Naso and threadfin, I can work around
the others) This is a total of 18" and in about a year will be 21".
That is about 1 inch per 3 gallons. How does this sound? Is they're
anyway I can add a another butterfly or pygmy angel if there is
space? there is never enough space right? ha-ha) if any other fish
then what kind (raccoon, banner....coral beauty, flame???)
Oh, an about the Naso ( I really like the distinct coloring of the
lips etc....)is the Darker Naso or blonde Naso best for the bright
colors and size?)
<Again, a four foot long tank is too small for this genus, any N. lituratus. Bob Fenner>
Thank you so much
Chris

Tank Compatibility Questions
I have a 6 inch clown trigger, a 7 inch Picasso trigger, a porcupine puffer,
green wrasse, miniatus grouper and 12 other fish in a 350 gallon tank.
<The other twelve we'll assume all are compatible, similar in temperament>
I love puffer and would like to add a 6 inch stars and stripes and I love
lions and was going to add a 6 inch Volitans lion.  I also would like to add
a second fox face lo. The first lion (antennata) lasted 12 hours.  
Any chance that the lion can hold it's own?  How about the second fox face
or second puffer??
<The puffer would likely be fine... as long as you can get it (I'd train it while in quarantine) to accept food from a "feeding stick" (to assure it's getting fed), and the Lo/Siganus should also be able to be added... but Lionfishes in with triggers are a bad match... too likely to get eaten by them if not starved by competition. I would get/use another system for your Lions. Bob Fenner>
Thanks,
Cara

New tank first inhabitants
Hello to whomever reads this,<Hello, MikeB here.>
I have a 59 gallon saltwater reef tank that I have set up (live rock, inverts, one polyp) and has cycled and been devoid of any fish up until now (aprox 4 months).  I was looking for good hardy starter fish.  I want to add an anemone (red bubble) and decided to add it with a clown before any more corals (to allow it time to find a good place to situate since I have heard they don't usually move once they find a happy spot).<This is true.>  As the tank is sitting
the inverts (cleaner shrimp x2, coral banded, blood red fire, zebra hermits, scarlet hermits, emerald crab x3) all of the algae has been taken care of and I supplement the inverts with frozen food. The only algae I have left is
some green fuzzy hair like algae (lawnmower blenny or Foxface?)<I would go with the blenny.> What would be good fish to add for the first months or so to help finish this cycling this system out? I was thinking of getting a Foxface, but the idea of getting stung has me hesitant. I love the way the fish look and their hardiness, but what is the protocol for when I have to put my hands in the tank and best way to keep from hurting him while still being able to place corals etc.
Your advice is appreciated.
Kenneth
<Hello, Kenneth.  I would suggest the blenny for the algae and if you would like to add a Foxface I don't think that would be a problem.  The  fish will hide in the rock and coral when you put your hand in the tank to place the coral.  As long as you keep an eye on it you should not be stung.  If you are that concerned then DO NOT get the fish and add something else.  Some suggestions would be Fairy Wrasses or maybe a small tang.  The tang will outgrow that tank as will the Foxface so you would want to take that into consideration.  Good Luck.  MikeB>

Newbie livestock question ...
Hi,
<Hello there>
I have been researching for the past week or so and it
seems for every successful story there is a horror
story.
<Likely more folks write in with problems...>
This site has been a great resource, yet all
the information can be overwhelming at times.  I have
a customized 350-gallon tank 74x30x36 (built into a
wall with the ability to see through the tank into the
other rooms).  
<Neat>
I am going for a marine/fish only set
up (with a lot more experience, maybe I'll try corals
someday).  The tank has been running for 2 months now
and the water quality is good to go.
What I have in the tank now:
- 170 lbs showroom Fiji live rock
- 170 lbs Tonga Branch Rock
The lighting I have:
- 4 x 384 Watt (4x96) Coral life light fixtures
Before I mistakenly turn my tank into a war zone I
would like to get some feedback on my livestock "wish"
list (this is my first tank so go easy on me ;-) ):
<Okay>
Fish:
- 4 clownfish (2 ocellaris and 2 clarkii or
Saddleback, or would it be better to get 4 of the same
species)
- 1 lawnmower blenny
- 1 bi-color blenny
- 1 Black sailfin blenny
- ??? any (colorful) suggestions ???
<There are MANY! I would look into maybe a small "school" (3, 5) of Yellow Tangs... good, hardy, interesting behaviorally... for your size system>
Anemones:
- ???
<Ah, no... hard to keep alive, may pollute your system... wait on these>
Crabs:
- 50 scarlet hermit crabs
- 60 Mexican red leg hermits
-  4 emerald Mithrax crabs
-  1 Arrow crab
<I'd leave off with the Stenorhynchus/Arrow... a fish-eater as it gets larger... and not fun to remove in your size, type set-up>
Snails:
-  2 Red Foot
- 40 Astrea
-  4 Abalone
- 20 Nassarius
- 12 Mexican turbo
-  6 conch
- 12 margarita
Star fish:
- 1 purple Linckia
- 2 green brittle
- 1 black banded serpent
<Mmm, no to the first two choices. Please read here: http://wetwebmedia.com/seastars.htm
and on to the Related FAQs (at top, in blue)>
Shrimp:
- 1 Cleaner shrimp
- 1 Coral Banded Shrimp
- 5 peppermint Shrimp
- 1 skunk cleaner Shrimp
Plants:
- ???
Thanks for all your help and for this great site,
J
<Hold off on all other choices till the "clean up crew" and these few fishes have been placed... best to take ones time, place livestock at intervals... AFTER quarantine. Please see WWM re this issue. Bob Fenner>

For marine fish, how many fish should be added into a tank a time?
<Hi John, this is Jorie.  Really, it depends on several factors, such as how old the tank is, how well-established, what sort of filtration you have (including whether or not you have live rock), etc.  It's definitely better to remain on the more-cautious side, in my opinion.  What type of fish are currently in your tank and what do you want to introduce? Also, of course, this is assuming you've already quarantined the new specimen(s) for a month or so, right? You certainly don't want to risk introducing a nasty disease or parasite into your main tank...>
How long should each introduction be spaced out? For the first introduction for a new tank can I add 2 fish the wait a couple of weeks add 2 more so on and so forth?
<Again, it really depends on the criteria set forth above.  If you could provide me with a little bit more information about your specific tank setup, experience with the hobby, and other pertinent details, I'd be much better able to help you out! Feel free to e-mail me back and I'll respond as soon as I can (sorry for the delay this time...Thanksgiving holidays, hope you understand...)>
Thank You,
John
<You are welcome.  Talk to you soon.  Jorie>

Livestock selection
Hi. I'm starting a 30 gallon salt water tank. I was wondering if you can tell
me some fishes I can have in my tank that are beautiful and easy to care for. so
if u have any suggestions please tell me.
<Please take a long read through the fish group articles and FAQs posted on www.WetWebMedia.com and make a list of animals that stay small (enough), and seem to be of easygoing temperament... and then write back with what you find interesting. Bob Fenner>

Set Up and Stocking Questions 11/24/04
Whomever is answering questions--thanks.
<Adam Here.  My pleasure!>
These may seem repetitive. I have The Conscientious Marine Aquarist in my lap, and I've looked at your set up and stocking pages but am still confused.
<Sounds like you are looking in good places for info!>
Background: I started keeping freshwater about 3 years ago and last  November started a 12-gallon nano-reef, which was set up at the local fish store for me. It had a tomato clown, a bubble-tip anemone, 1  firefish, umbrella and leather soft corals, live rock and live sand, and later three tiny gobies (they called them red-cheeked at the store, but  I've never seen them in a fish book) as well as many snails, a peppermint  shrimp, and some macroalgae.
<Sounds like a lot of animals for such a small tank.  The tomato clown in particular will be a little cramped as it grows.>
I had no problems. Changed 2 gallons of water a  week and changed out carbon once a month. I gave that set up and all my freshwater set ups away when I moved in September.
<Hmm... Giving away tanks and animals is always a heartbreak.>
Am now trying to set up a 46-gallon tank as a mini-reef tank.  Found a very helpful LFS but they insisted that I buy uncured live rock (which  is nice rock, but uncured) and base rock (total of 55 pounds) and put it in the tank above not live sand. So I now have that set up and the  ammonia is off the charts. What should I do now?  <"Raw" rock definitely leaves you with the most life, but the cycle is pretty rough.  Water changes under these circumstances can be dangerous since they will raise the pH.  As soon as the ammonia starts coming down, I would institute water changes (20% a week or so).
Also, I need to keep a clown fish and an anemone. With that  information, the LFS had me buy a 110 36 inch watt 9325K light. Is that enough light? (I need the clown fish and anemone because their relationship is the only thing my husband likes.) If it's not enough light, I'll buy what is.  <That is probably not enough light for any anemone.  Bubble tips can do fine under about double that amount if they are fed regularly.  Anemones are difficult to care for and I would suggest re-evaluating your "need" to keep one.>
Here's what I'd like to keep in the tank, in addition to the clownfish. It seems too much, but some answers seemed to suggest it'd be o.k., others not. 1 Jawfish, 1 symbiotic goby and shrimp, 2 cardinalfishes (pajama or Banggai), 1  firefish, and 1 (or 2) Bannerfish, whichever is the smallest hardy breed. I am planning on adding macroalgae to the system.  <The quantity sounds OK, but a watchman goby and Jawfish are probably a bad idea together.>
Cleaner crews: should I buy a pre-established set? Some of them seem to  have things like sea cucumbers in them which don't make sense from what I've read, as well as scarlet hermit crabs. That's confusing, suggesting that the aquarium stores are wrong. Also, when should I add it?  <I detest "clean up crew" packages.  IMO, crabs (including hermits) have little or no place in reef tanks and in general, the recommendations are for far too many animals.  One Turbo snail or three Astrea snails per 20 gallons is plenty.  A couple of serpent stars and a sea cucumber (if you have fine sand) makes a fine clean up crew.  You can add these animals right after the cycle is complete.>
I really appreciate your help, and think that the Conscientious Marine Aquarist is a wonderful book.  All the Best, Margaret Cooter
<Glad to help, and glad you enjoy and benefit from Bob's book!  AdamC.>

Set Up and Stocking Questions
Whomever is answering questions--thanks.
<Welcome>
These may seem repetitive. I have The Conscientious Marine Aquarist in my  
lap, and I've looked at your set up and stocking pages but am still confused.  
Background: I started keeping freshwater about 3 years ago and last  November
started a 12-gallon nano-reef, which was set up at the local fish store  for
me. It had a tomato clown, a bubble-tip anemone, 1  firefish, umbrella and
leather soft corals,
<These get much bigger than this tank... can be disastrous chemically if "upset">
live rock and live sand, and  later three tiny gobies (they
called them red-cheeked at the store, but  I've never seen them in a fish
book)
<Likely Elacatinus puncticulatus: http://wetwebmedia.com/neongobies.htm
Do you see this fish here?
as well as many snails, a peppermint  shrimp, and some macroalgae. I had no
problems. Changed 2 gallons of water a  week and changed out carbon once a
month. I gave that set up and all my  freshwater set ups away when I moved in
September.  
Am now trying to set up a 46-gallon tank as a mini-reef tank.  
<Ah, much better>
Found a very
helpful LFS but they insisted that I buy uncured live rock (which  is nice
rock, but uncured) and base rock (total of 55 pounds) and put  it in the tank
above not live sand. So I now have that set up and the  ammonia is off the charts.
What should I do now?
<Off the charts as in more than 1 ppm? I would change a good part of the water out with some pre-made... keep the skimmer clean, running at peak efficiency... maybe dose the system with a Kalk product...>
Also, I need to keep a clown fish and an anemone.
<Need?>
With that information,  the
LFS had me buy a 110 36 inch watt 9325K light. Is that enough light?
<Not likely... unless it is a specimen, species that can/does derive a good deal of its nutrition from eating vs. photosynthesis... you will soon see... as it will move about...>
(I need  
the clown fish and anemone because their relationship is the only thing my  
husband likes.) If it's not enough light, I'll buy what is.
<I see>
Here's what I'd like to keep in the tank, in addition to the clownfish. It  
seems too much, but some answers seemed to suggest it'd be o.k., others not. 1  
Jawfish, 1 symbiotic goby and shrimp, 2 cardinalfishes (pajama or Banggai),
1  firefish, and 1 (or 2) Bannerfish, whichever is the smallest hardy breed.
<Heniochus acuminatus>
I
am  planning on adding macroalgae to the system.
<Do consider adding a refugium... locating at least some of the macroalgae there>
Cleaner crews: should I buy a pre-established set?
<Maybe... but like securities, stock picking, you could do as well putting your own assortment together as by purchasing a "mutual fund">
Some of them seem to  have
things like sea cucumbers in them which don't make sense from what I've  
read, as well as scarlet hermit crabs. That's confusing, suggesting that the  
aquarium stores are wrong. Also, when should I add it?
<After the system is completely cured, ahead of the fishes>
I really appreciate your help, and think that the Conscientious Marine  
Aquarist is a wonderful book.
All the Best,
Margaret Cooter
<Thank you for your kind words. Bob Fenner>

Re: Set Up and Stocking Questions
Bob,
<Margaret>
Thanks for your answers. Don't know who's answering now, but I appreciate  
your kindness.
<And your patience with us>
Yes, off the scale means it's green on my test scale within 2 minutes  
(supposed to be 20 minutes) and green is as dark as it gets. Not good.
<No, not good>
The skimmer's running (the fish store suggested I didn't need one, but  
re-reading your book, figured out I needed one and went and bought one). Will  get
the additive suggested. Thanks.
<Welcome>
Suppose I didn't ask the question I should have asked. Will the fish I'm  
hoping to get go in the tank or will it be a bio-overload?
<Close to maximum>
I'd really like the  
banner fish--your book suggests one per 20 gallons, which suggests I could get  
2, unless that means that the 20 gallons means no other fish in that 20
gallons.  Would give up some of the others if necessary, as you
dictate/suggest/recommend.  (Except the clownfish and anemone. Feel guilty getting an anemone,
<Seek one that is tank-bred... likely a Bubble-Tip, E. quadricolor... aka Rose...>
but did have success with it in the too small tank--and knew I'd have to
upgrade soon, but  the lady I gave everything to put my saltwater fish and various
invertebrates in  a 55 gallon, so I felt good about it.)
Will pick and choose my cleaner crew based on your statement. Not  
comfortable with some of the critters in the recommendations.
<Me neither>
Thanks for your assistance. I feel humble talking to the author of  that
fabulously written and insightful book and will try to purchase tank raised  
animals whenever possible.
<A wise choice>
All the Best,
Margaret
<You as well my friend. Bob Fenner>

Pt 2: Set up and Stocking Questions 11/27/04
Adam, Thanks for your answers. Received earlier answers from Bob (feel as if I should call him Dr. Fenner, but recognize his dislike for that title--and suspect you have similar high credentials) but yours added "grist to the mill."  
<I think Bob and I would both take exception to "Dr." since neither of us is!  Most of us are just experienced aquarists with a shared love of the hobby and strong belief in the conscientious pursuit of our love.>
Bob suggested I add an additive, which I did, and the ammonia has come down tremendously (from more than 5 ppm to 1.5 ppm); is that the time to start changing the water? Am beginning to get an algae bloom--brown--which I never had in my overcrowded nano tank. <I generally reserve the use of such additives for emergencies, but there is nothing wrong with their use.  Yes...  I would start water changes.>
(And I knew the life in it would get too large after I bought Dr. Fenner's book, which of course was after I  bought the tank--the
lady I gave it to put it all in a 55 gallon tank, which  relieved my concerns.)<Kudos on letting your animals go to someone with a bigger tank rather than letting them suffer overcrowding!>
Should I be concerned? Or just let the tank cleaners get the algae when I add them? <I would probably scrape the glass and remove what algae I could and then siphon out the remnants during a water change.>
Is it really o.k. to add brittlestar for that  purpose? I think they're cool, but have been a bit afraid of starfish,  since they eat crustaceans. <Some brittle stars are risky... choose a serpent star.  See this link: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ca/cav1i4/echinoderms/echinoderms.htm >
Also, regarding the fish stocking scheme, are you stating that if I get rid of the planned shrimp/goby combo (love Jawfish, so pick it above the symbiotic  relationship), <Keep in mind that Jawfish require at least 4" of sand of mixed size (sugar size up to small rubble) to build a suitable burrow.>
then I could successfully keep two of the banner butterfly fish?  Would make me very happy to do so, but wouldn't want to put them in an unacceptable environment. Any advice would be appreciated.  <I would suggest a bare minimum of a 75 gallon tank for Bannerfish.  They grow fast and get large and are active swimmers.>
Forgot to state that the light is a "compact fluorescent." If I doubled it, do you think it would be sufficient for a bubble tip? Best regards and many thanks for your assistance. Margaret <You would need quite a bit of light for a BTA.  Please write back and remind me of your tank size and current lighting to specifically address this issue.  Best Regards.  AdamC.>

Stocking Question that hasn't been given a response in a while
Sorry to bother but I have heard many opinions on my questions both good and
bad and I would like to know your insights. I am thinking of getting a tang and
I would like to know which one is a most PEACEFUL  community fish for a 65
Gallon FOWLR tank:
Blue Hippo Tang
Purple Tang
<The Blue Hippo>
If I would to get a hippo (about 3"-4") would it do good in the tank because
I have know people to keep this fish in a 65 Gallon FOWLR with a very long
term success.
<Yes... though this fish/species would be happier in a larger world/tank>
also a I need to know what order to add these fish in...I am thinking:
1st- Ocellaris Clownfish
2nd- Royal Gramma
3rd- Kaudern's Cardinalfish
4th- Firefish
5th- Flame Angelfish
6th- any 1 of the tangs listed above
7th- Humbug Damselfish
Is this a good introduction order? what do you recommend?
Thank You Very Much,
                         John
<Better to add the more easygoing species first: the Firefish, Banggai... then Gramma, Clown, Tang... lastly the Humbug and Flame Angel. Bob Fenner>

New Tank, Compatibility
Hi  
I am new to marine aquariums and have been having a few probs.  I have a
beautiful porcupinefish about 4.5” long.  A scooter blenny a blue trigger a
mandarin fish and a maroon clownfish.  My surprise is the blenny the
trigger and porcupine are getting on just fine.  The mandarin hides in rocks
and pops out now and then has a little swim around the bottom and pops back
behind some nice living rock.  The clown however was fine when first
introduced but has spent his second 24 hours behind a rock and hasn’t come
out.  Any idea’s.
We are thinking of getting a flame angelfish and yellow tang also.  What do
you think.  My wife would also like a couple more scooters then we where
planning to let everything grow up.  The tank is 100 gallons with more
filtering than you can shake a stick at and has run for about 8 weeks.  All
fish are small 2-3” apart from porcupine who appears to be the least of our
problems apart from  eating his first tank mates a couple of purple firefish.
(oooppps and #######)  
Any advice would be great the shops around here seem to all give different
advise which means muppets like me make the wrong decision and give a
porcupine a £40 meal!!!
Cheers
Matt
>>>Greetings Matt,
Let's jump right in. You've stocked this tank much too quickly, and I feel you are on the verge of disaster. First of all, the tank requires a period of time to cycle before it's ready for the first fish, and only over time is it able accommodate the bioload of more fish. Stocking needs to be done *SLOWLY*
All fish MUST be quarantined in order to prevent disease organisms from entering the display. There is no way you could have done all of this, with that many fish in 8 weeks.
Any number of things could be happening with the clown, from shipping/acclimation stress to a disease outbreak. I can't say without further info.
Now, what do you mean "blue trigger?" I hope you're not speaking of The blue-line trigger, Pseudobalistes fuscus. These are VERY large, very destructive triggers, and grow quickly. They also grow too large for your 100 gallon tank.
Scooter blennies are benthic micro-carnivores that seldom eat prepared foods in enough quantity to survive long term in captivity. I'd advise against purchasing more.
Your tank would be fully stocked with the porcupine puffer, yellow tang (good choice), flame angel, trigger (what species?), maroon clown and scooter. I say this assuming you have a species of trigger that gets rather large, Odonus niger perhaps? "Blue Trigger" is not a commonly used name for any trigger species I'm aware of. Again, I'll be very surprised if the one scooter you have lives to the 8 month mark. There are exceptions however.
Good Luck
Jim<<<

New Tank, Compatibility - part 2
Hi Jim
Thanks for comments.  Have taken the trigger back as it was obvious he was
not going to be suitable.  I believe he may have been known as black trigger
even though he looks bluish.  We are now left with porcupine, blenny,
mandarinfish and clownfish.  The clownfish now appears to be happy although
some of his fins are nibbled. (trigger happy I feel).  I appear to have
found a shop who has some kind of sense.  They reckon with the porcupine being
small the blenny the mandarin and clown I should think of the yellow tang in
a month or so then the flame angel a month or so after that then see if I
can keep them alive for a while.  Seems more sense.  The trigger did appear
to be aggressive.  All our levels nitrite ammonia and nitrate are zero zero
and somewhere less than 12.5mg/l.  This all seems to be a happy tank.  
What do you think of latest plan.
Matt
>>>Sounds good Matt!!<<<

New Fish
Hello wetweb, <Hello back at you!>
It's Jonathan I am 15teen now, and I have a 125gal long tank that I have had up and running since August.  I am going to transfer my fish from my 46gal to my 125gal tank. I have a 3 VHO ice cap lighting system, 420 watts all together.  The fish I have now are (1)Firefish , (2) percula clowns, (1) glass goby, and (1)Blue damsel. I have been looking atv(1or2) Filamented Flasher Wrasse (1)Yellow headed sleeper goby or a Orangespotted Sleeper goby (1) Atlantic Blue Tang, a whitecheck Surgeonfish or a (1)Bluespotted Jawfish.  When my tank is acclimated for a good with plenty of live Rock I was thinking of adding a comet, or Longnose butterfly. I was wondering if there was any way that I could place a pink leaf scorpionfish in the tank. I was also looking at a Niger or a blue throated trigger. My tank has a lot of hiding places, but there is plenty of swimming room.
Thanks, FOR ALL Your Help!!!
<Jonathan, It sounds like they would all get along.  I have just one mode of caution for you.  That is a lot of fish for your 125.  the scorpion fish will eat anything that will fit into its mouth which includes the flasher wrasse or jawfish.  Make sure you have enough filtration to cover the bioload the fish will put on the tank.  Good Luck!!!
MikeB>

Fish Suitability
Hi All.
<Hello there Patrick>
Once again, I need some of your great advice.  I'm looking for some new fish
to add to my reef tank.  I currently have a 75 gallon tank with a small Blue
Tang (Paracanthurus hepatus) and a mated pair of False Percula Clownfish
(Amphiprion ocellaris).  I also have a BTA, various SPS, LPS and soft
corals, several peppermint shrimp, a brittle star, and assorted snails and
hermit crabs.  I need to find a fish or two that will get along with my
current fish and will not bother my corals and inverts.
<Change that "need" to want and we'll agree!>
My clownfish are very territorial, but they stay in their "nest" under a
giant clam shell with the BTA in a remote corner of the tank.  In the past,
my Tang has been known to harass very small fish, like firefish, but he's
always been good with fish that are closer to his size.  I used to a have a
Scott's Fairy Wrasse (Cirrhilabrus scottorum) that he got along great with.  
Unfortunately, he jumped out.
<Very common unfortunately>
My first choice would be a so-called reef-safe butterflyfish.  Of course, I
know there is always a risk that they could start nipping at my corals, but
it might be worth trying.
<I have listed which species are general zooplanktivores... the better species to try, on WWM... maybe a Forcipiger would do well...>
My second choice would be an Anthias, like a
single male Pseudanthias squamipinnis.
<There are other species... the Sunset, Pleurotaenia that do better as singles/individuals...>
  My third choice would be a couple of
wrasses like Paracheilinus carpenteri, Wetmorella, and/or Halichoeres
iridis.  What do you think?
<On these, the Neon/Rainbow (iridis) is the largest, most-outgoing, best choice>
Also, I've had my tang for over two years, and he's always been very small.  
Will he continue to grow throughout his life or is there an age when he will
hit his peak size?
<Should continue to grow for several years>
I need to account for that when I'm selecting what type
and how many additional fish to get.
Thanks!
<Your note/message shows considerable knowledge, experience, good judgment... continue your search my friend. Bob Fenner>

Marine stocking
Hi Crew
I have a 200 gal FOWLR work in progress I am stocking. Right now there is a Kole Tang, Hippo Tang, 5 x-lg green Chromis. and a big algae blenny. From my wish list below, what fish are not good Ideas.
Flame angel
<Good community fish.  Unlikely to bother anything, but might get pestered by the tangs at first.>
banana Wrasse and or lunare wrasse
<Hmm, not quite sure what a banana wrasse is.  Lunare wrasses can be quite boisterous and might consider your Chromis as food.>
, OR a half dozen fairy wrasses or so. I have also considered a school of Anthias
<Both Cirrhilabrus and Pseudanthias spp. make great community fish, although they might tend to pick on your Chromis, especially some of the more belligerent Anthias.  Personally I find the fairy wrasses a bit prettier.  All the fairy wrasses are fairly easy to keep with frequent feedings and peaceful tankmates.  Some of the Anthias are notoriously difficult.  Make sure you research your potential additions carefully.  Scott Michael's book "Reef Fishes" has a great section on each species of Anthias--hardiness, aggressiveness, etc.>
or even a large Angel.
<Some can be bullies, in particular Holacanthus spp.  The Genicanthus spp. make great additions, as do some Pomacanthus spp.  Again, research the individual species carefully.  This should be the last fish added in any case.  There might be some issues with the tangs and the angel, so be cautious.> what would work with what is in there now. Everyone in there now is very happy, I don't want to put a bully in there

Fish for a 180 gal
Hello Bob great site. I have a 75 gallon reef. Its been set up for 3 years.  I
want to get a 180 aquarium for fish and LR only. I'm selling my 75 gallon to  
get 180. I'm going to use the water from 75. Do I still need to let the water  
cycle? << There will be a cycle, but certainly not like when first starting out a tank. >> The LFS guy told me it would be ok. I need a second opinion. The fish I  
have are 1 clown,1 coral beauty, and a hippo tang. I been reading on the site  
about angels. I'm interested in a emperor angel. I've read that he would rule the  
tank and so on. Considering that I already have fish, should I put the emperor
in  last? << Yes, but they are not highly recommend as they are difficult to keep. >> What other fish would be considered with fish I have? << Oh lots of options.  For one, I'd look at lots of different wrasse options. >> About roughly
how  many fish could you put in a 180? << 15 or so??? >> I'm on the site all the time and great  
information. Thanks
<<  Blundell  >>

Marine mix
I would like to know the order someone should add these fish into a tank. The fish are:
Ocellaris Clownfish, Firefish, Kaudern's  Cardinalfish, Royal Gramma, Blue Hippo Tang, Humbug, Damselfish, Flame Angelfish, In what order would you guys introduce these fish? help me my science project is on any group of animals you choose...it is due before
thanksgiving...Thanks Jahner <None of these fish are extremely aggressive or territorial, as long as the tank size is sufficient the order in which you introduce these fish does not matter.  Good Luck, LinearChaos>

Columbian sharks and other large fishes for display 11/9/04
Hi Bob.
<Anthony Calfo in his stead>
Two questions for ya. First, I was wondering if I could put two
Groupers a Lionfish and a Puffer in a 125 gal?
<assuming you are looking at the popular varieties (porcupine/dogface puffers, volitans lion, large groupers like panther, etc), then no... this is way too much regardless of filtration. The sheer adult size (or not if they stunt and die prematurely for being crowded) of these fishes makes all in this one tank inappropriate, if even possible. Do look through our archives and on databases like fishbase.org to see and consider the adult sizes of the fishes you with to keep. Now... if you are willing to go for "dwarf" varieties of the above mentioned, there are indeed species of small adult length at maturity that will work here>
Second, could I put two Columbian sharks with them?
<one would not even fit... these fishes start life as fresh/brackish and may end up at sea (coastal) but get quite large (2 foot range) and yet are no match for the toothy predators - they will get mauled. Above all... this tank is too small for so many large fishes to he kept healthy/humanely>
Brandon Zimmerman
<do research some more, my friend... there are species to appeal and suit you here to be found. Anthony>

Marine livestocking
Hi,
<Mmm, Graham seems to be out...>
I'm  John (a fish lover big time) planning to start up a 65g. tank for
saltwater fish and I want your opinion on the fish I am choosing:
1. Ocellaris Clownfish
2. Humbug Damselfish
3.Flame Angelfish
4.Firefish
5.Bangaii Cardinalfish
6.Royal Gramma
7.( I am thinking of Paracanthurus hepatus or any Zebrasoma tang) Help me pick
between the 2 genera.
<Both would go... but this 65 is going to be a bit crowded... if a Sailfin Tang is chosen, look for a smaller species...>
What do you guys think of my choices? Too much? When should I upgrade? is it
just perfect?
<Will be tight psychologically to start with... would place the Clown first, the Humbug last... and upgrade ASAP>
help me out in every aspect you can please. I asked many people at
your site this question and each one had a different answer being either good
or bad responses of my questions and I would like to ask you for your opinions
because I know many people how had the same set up as I am suggesting and
their tanks were successful for up to 15 years with these fish with an upgrade
every 5 years. no offense but the crew is confusing me with too many different
opinions. Help Me!
Thank You Graham,
John
<Keep gathering opinions John... with specifics re the actual "why" folks have their positions... till you are not confused... And remember, these are only (qualified) opinions at any length. Cheers, Bob Fenner>

Bernd-from-Honduras' Wish List
>Hi crew from reef heaven. I'm Bernd from Honduras.
>>Yes, hello Bernd!  You're with Marina in Lake Tahoe today.  
>I have contacted You about reef tanks all too often already.
>>Hardly.
>Also bought some books from Your authors.
>>Excellent.
>Question: For a 300 gal reef tank mostly furnished with LR and SPS and LPS and mushrooms, anemones all from the Caribbean, is the following wish list of fish o.k.?
Already in the tank:
4 Ocellaris clowns
1 Clarks clown
1 Yellow tang
1 Atlantic blue tang
1 Royal Gramma
3 firefish gobies
>On the wish list:
7 Blue green Chromis
>>Check.
>2 Flame angels
>>Not sure, but in such a large tank I think, "Yeah, why not give it a try?"
>6 Chalk bass
>>Check.
>1 Flame hawkfish
>>Oh yes!
>1 yellow assessor
>>Definitely!  Lovely little fish, appropriate even for seahorse systems it's so mild-mannered.
>3 Orchid Dottyback or strawberry Dottyback
>>Umm.. I'd leave these fish for last, and I'd only get one or two, they can really tear up fish like the chalk bass and those lovely little Firefishes.
>3 Banggai cardinals
>>I'm not so sure about these fish.  It seems that they're anomalous among cardinals in that they can become quite aggressive with their own kind.  Maybe a larger group in order to ensure displacement of aggression, starting with juveniles would be best.  I know of a fellow who posts on reefs.org occasionally from Brazil who's breeding these fish successfully, but I can't remember his 'nick'.
>1 Fairy or Flasher wrasse
>>Lovely.
>3 Sixline wrasses
10 neon gobies
>>Oh, these would be SO much fun to watch.  As ever, one of my favorite fish.
>3 Clown gobies
1 Midas Blenny
1 B