Clams
I have a few questions first off I was wondering if there are any butterfly fish that a reef safe? Second I wanted to know what kind of lighting is needed to keep clams alive?
>>
IMO yes... some of this family (Chaetodontidae) are largely zooplanktivorous (though, of course there are gradations to almost absolute coral polyp feeders). Some examples: The longnose butterflyfishes of the genus Forcipiger... Chelmons, Chelmonops species, the Bannerfish genus members: Heniochus, the Raccoon butterflyfishes, Chaetodon lunula and C. fasciatus... There are others, and the family, it's uses detailed in articles stored at www.wetwebmedia.com
Clams? As in giant clams (family Tridacnidae) require bright/intense, full-spectrum lighting to optimize their growth and color... most folks use Very High Output Fluorescents on the low end to Compact Fluorescents and Metal Halides on the high... depending on tank depth, desired effects.
Bob Fenner 

Crocea Clam lighting 3/15/03
I would like to buy a Crocea Clam and would like to know how close to the lights it would need to be. Its a 55 Gallon tank 20 inches deep with 4 36inch VHO's
2 Super Actinic URI
1 Actinic White URI
1 Aquasun URI
<within the top 12" of the water surface will be fine, my friend. Have you read the sample chapter on Tridacnids from our new book, by the way? Click on the chapter link on this page:
http://wetwebfotos.com/store/nma-ri.html
best regards, Anthony>

Clam Lighting
How many hours per day of high intensity lighting does a 2-3 inch maxima clam need if it is placed in a 20 inch deep tank with 2-175W metal halide bulbs suspended 12 inches above the surface of the water?
<<Hi Jacqueline, Craig answering while the WWM crew is attending MACNA. Clams are light hungry and require the highest intensity lighting. Even with 175 watt MH's I would still place this clam close to the top of the tank. The very minimum would be six hours a day with the best of light but I would about double that to ten to twelve hours for your clam to grow and thrive. I personally use 12 hours.
Small clams do well placed in a removable container so they can be target fed with phytoplankton.
Feeding is actually more important for small clams than light at this stage, although they need the best of both to thrive. Cheers, Craig>>

Clam lighting for a 75 gallon
Hello there,
I have a 75 gallon tank with two of the 48 inch Aqualights, which total 520 watts of light. Split it would be 4 10,000k bulbs and 4 actinics, which are 65 watts each. Anyway, would this be enough light for 1 or 2 clams if kept in about the middle of the tank or closer to the top?     
Jim
>>Wow, Jim!  First, have you gone through this section on our site?--> http://www.wetwebmedia.com/tridacnidart.htm
Here is some more information specific to lighting questions-->
http://www.wetwebmedia.com/marlgtganthony.htm
>>Part of the issue is species of clam, for instance Tridacna derasa and Hippopus can do well with lower lighting.  I'll assume that you would like to know which species you can keep with the lighting you have available for them, and I see no reason why you couldn't keep either of these species.  If you wanted to get something like T. crocea, then I would be sure to place it higher up.
>>>>Ok guys, I'd like to bump this to someone who REALLY knows their stuff on the clams.  I've spent about an hour reading through old FAQ's and as many articles that appear to be related, but I feel I can't give a very complete answer regarding which species will do well with his lighting, or which might be better, as I've not had experience with every species.  Also, because of this lack of experience, I can't tell him which species *can* be placed up on rockwork, and which others will do better on the tank bottom.  Nor can I advise him on specific bulbs, and I don't want bad information to slip by or to have left something important out.  Thanks!<<<<

Maxima Clam light 4/22/03
I've read through the FAQ's and the link to the chapter in your new book, but I am still unsure as to whether or not I can successfully keep a T. maxima.
<OK>
I have a 75 gallon tank and run two separate PC fixtures and a twin tube fluorescent fixture.  One PC fixture has two 50/50, 65 watt bulbs (130 total) and the other has two 50/50, 55 watt (110 total) bulbs.  These two fixtures are at the front of the tank.  The dual tube fluorescent fixture sits at the back of the tank and has a 10,000k and an actinic bulb that amount to 70 total watts.
Do you think I could keep a maxima if I place it on a rock about 6 inches under the lights at the front of the tank (under the pc's).  
<yes... easily>
I believe I have the perfect spot for one, that is, if the lighting is adequate...
<agreed>
Oh one more thing... will it be bothered if I place it next to Xenias?
<not likely at all... Xenia is quite passive>
Thanks
<kindly, Anthony>

Clam lighting recommendations
Thanks now for my lighting what would you recommend for my 24" cube, I would like to keep a clam or two. I am looking at MH & PC lighting. Thank Dave
<Hi Dave, For clams and high light demanding inhabitants, a 175 watt MH (or 250 watts) perhaps with two VHO or PC actinic bulbs to supplement the blue spectrum would be ideal. I would favor the 250 watt for the depth and they are available in a "radium" which may do away with the need for actinic lighting.  The color rendition is a personal choice, you may want to look at clams under different types of lighting to "see" the difference. The blue light will definitely help "fire" the colors of clams and corals.  For PC's try to find "true" actinic blue bulbs. I prefer VHO myself, with Ice Cap ballasts very flexible. (Can drive PC/NO/HO/VHO). Have Fun!  Craig>

Maxima clam lighting - 9/3/03
Greetings WWM Crew! <Hello Kev. Paul here to help>
Thanks for your dedication, expertise, and this website. <Yes, indeed. Thank you Bob!>  It is an invaluable resource. <Agreed and always much improving thanks to your query!>
I would like to add small Maxima clam to my 10 gal reef, but fear my current lighting is insufficient.  It is a 28W, 10,000K 50/50 that stands on legs such that the bottom of the light fixture is 2.5" from the water surface.  The spot I would like to place the clam is about 2" below the water surface and there is no lid on the aquarium. <Hmmmmm. I think this is grossly insufficient.>  Is this enough light? <Unfortunately this is unsuitable for any clam. This is quite a small tank for such an inhabitant (it can be done though), but more light is definitely needed before adding such a beautiful animal. Lower light clams are more along the lines of the Squamosa clams but again there just isn't enough light here. Give a call to Barry at www.clamsdirect.com. He is super knowledgeable and offers great advice on what you will need to keep clams o plenty! -P>
Best Regards,
Kevin.

Clams under PCs? 9/1/03
I think this one is for Anthony or Bob.  I was reading the Reef Invertebrates book and there was a section that stated you could keep certain clams under PCs.  
<you can keep even the most demanding SPS corals and clams under standard fluorescent lighting as long as the bulbs are properly close to the water (no further than 3" off surface) and the invertebrates are kept shallow enough (less than 10" of water)>
My tank is a 125 gallon (72x18x20), actually 112, but sold to me as a 125 :-(  Anyway, I'm in the process of upgrading everything on my tank.  I'm adding a sump/refugium, live rock, more lighting.  I currently have 2 96W Smartlites, but am going to add two more 96W fixtures.  I was planning on having 2 10,000K and 2 Actinics.  Would these be enough to keep clams?  
<indeed... no worries. Do keep your most demanding creatures like clams with the top 16" of the surface under PC.s>
Thanks, and I love the book.  I just purchased the BOCP.
<thanks kindly... will have it posted promptly tomorrow! Anthony>

Clam Lighting Questions
Dear WWM crew,
I hate to make a nuisance of myself, but I have a couple more questions (several of them are probably stupid, but, hey, I won't know if I don't ask, right?)
<Truly, the only stupid question is the one not asked!  Especially if lack of asking kills animals.>
I went back to the store, and the Crocea was gone (big surprise) but they now have a beautiful purple maxima for the same price.  I was talking about getting it when a friend and fellow reef keeper jumped down my throat for dooming a clam to certain death by trying to keep it under VHO's when all clams MUST have MH.
<Tell your friend to settle down and “don’t believe the hype!”>
He even pulled a reef-keeping handbook off the store shelf at random (hardly the most responsible method, I know) and showed me that it says they require MH.  Even your own FAQ's seem to mention MH a lot.  But then other articles say they can be kept under normal fluorescents!  I know it has a lot to do with depth and distance between bulb and water, but aren't there some sort of guidelines?  Can a med-large purple maxima be kept under VHO's?
<MH is certainly recommended.  As a general rule, the more light they get, the better clams do, however, as long as you exceed their minimum requirements, they will do fine.  Growth may be a bit slower, but they will do fine.  In your tank, under 3xVHO's, I would certainly keep a clam in the upper 8-12 inches.>
In the same vein, I also looked at (and ended up purchasing) the most beautiful Frogspawn/Octobubble I have ever seen.  It had been there for a month, under 3x4' VHO's, and was doing great.  I also know your website says these corals need moderate light and current, and I would have thought my system about perfect, but again, my friend and his handbook both insist they require bright MH light and very brisk current.
<The level of reef keeping has been raised since most current available references were published.  What was considered brisk current then, would be moderate at best now.  Your system sounds quite ideal for Euphyllias.>
I must admit that I've not had luck with these before, but after reading your website, I was thinking it had more to do with the large numbers of soft corals (many of which I have removed to their own tank), and not inadequate light.  I placed the Frogspawn at the opposite end of the tank from the overflow/return, about halfway down.  It gets good indirect flow but no strong direct current.  Does that seem reasonable?
<Sounds very reasonable.  Overly strong current will prevent the coral from opening, and you certainly have plenty of light.  Euphyllias are quite sensitive to water quality in general, and the presence of soft corals in particular.  Water changes and carbon will help ameliorate these effects.>
One thing I would find extremely helpful is if your descriptions of each coral/clam/animal said something about light/current/placement requirements. I know that I read something about different clams having preferences between rocks and sand in the FAQ's somewhere, but now I can't find it, and the species descriptions don't say.  Same for corals.
<Any clam or coral can be kept on the sand as long as it can’t bury itself.  As a rule, Crocea, maxima and Squamosa clams are rock dwellers, but all can be kept on the sand as long as they get enough light.>
Okay, I am sorry for the length, but I have two last questions:
<No worries!  Ask away.>
In your descriptions of placing VHO tubes 3-6 inches above the water, I am assuming this is without a glass canopy in between?  I still had one on my tank until recently.  I grew up with them and never really thought about removing it until I was thinking seriously about lighting.
<Give up the glass!  Glass covers really do attenuate the light a lot, particularly if they aren’t very clean.>
Second, does my colt coral pose a major chemical warfare problem, or is that mostly a leather coral issue?  Can I keep just a few green star polyps and/or frilly mushrooms in my reef tank without doing any harm, if I thin them regularly?
<All softies will produce allelopathic chemicals.  Sinularias (finger leathers) and mushrooms are among the worst.  Your colt and star polyps are more dangerous in direct physical encounters.  When you rule out all other causes of ill health in a coral and suspect chemical warfare, you will have to remove the aggressor or the victim.  In the mean time, keep up the water changes and frequently changed small amounts of carbon.>
Thanks again for all the advice and help.  Jim
<Glad to!  Adam>

Clam Lighting
Hello <Hey Robert>
Thanks for providing a great web site and valuable advice. <I will pass your thanks along.> I have a 50 gal reef tank with 4, 36" VHO lights 2 AquaSun and 2 actinics driven by a icecap 660 ballast. The lights are about 4" above the water and the water depth is about 15". Is it possible to keep a Tridacna Crocea or Maxima clam? Will it be ok or slowly die? <In all honesty Robert I'm inclined to say a Derasa would probably do well under those lights but it might not be enough for the Crocea or Maxima as they start to grow.> I am thinking about upgrading my lighting to MH but can't decide what wattage to go with 150,175 or 250. <If you wish to keep more clams and more SPS corals then I would suggest the 250 or even a 400 light.> I do have a Montipora Digitata about 8" below the surface that is thriving under this lighting. <Wonderful. Sounds like a very lovely tank.>
Thanks, Robert Walz <Good luck Robert, It sounds like you are well on your way. MacL. >

Tridacnid under Power Compacts - 2/24/04
Hi, crew from fish heaven. <Howdy> Can one keep Tridacna clams under PC lights? without MH. <Some clams can adjust better than others. Squamosa and Derasa do a bit better than Crocea and Maxima. Be sure to keep 'em a little higher in the tank once acclimated. (acclimation and feeding is very important)> I'm thinking of putting them 10-12" under the PC's. <Check out the Forums at www.clamsdirect.com. Proprietor Barry Neigut is knowledgeable (one of the nice guys in the biz) and is extremely helpful. Lots of info to be had. Oh, and check out our FAQs and articles on clams. ~Paulito> Thanks, Bernd from Honduras.

Clam placement under halides - 1/27/04
You guys rule! <Thanks>
Got a 150W DE MH over a 38 gallon (22+" deep). Got 4-5" of sand.  Would it be acceptable to place a T. maxima or T. crocea on or near the substrate (approx. 17-18" deep)? <Well, 150 is a little on the low side but I would go for it. Watch the clam and see how it looks. Maybe slowly move it towards the mid part of the tank or higher over time. Feel free to drop by ClamsDirect.com and ask the experts there in their forum or maybe even call Barry (the owner) and see what he says. Let him know I sent ya. ~Paul>  Or is this too deep for my lighting. <Might be a little deep. Try it and watch the clam for signs of stress (i.e.. gaping extended mantle far beyond normal, extreme recession of mantle, not reacting to movement to name a few.) Good luck. ~Paul>
Thanks!
-matt

Clams under power compact lighting - 11/17/04
Hi. <Hello, Sharon> I was wondering if a squamosa clam or any other clams can be kept under 400 watts of power compact lighting. <Well, based on your tank depth and size I wonder..... The answer is a bit complicated, but I would like to say "yes!" if some other points of interests are addressed and the clam is placed midway to high in the tank. You just might get away with it on the bottom as well. The tank has to be fully "aged" and by that I mean it must have been set up for a minimum of eight months, plenty of coralline algae growth, water chemistry within the suggested parameters, and have done your research on your particular species of clam as far as habitat and feeding requirements. It is important to note that clams do not get 100% of their nutritional needs from photosynthesis alone. They also need to pull food from the water. A live phytoplankton might go a long way to help in this endeavor and there are lots of quality live phytoplankton feeds on the market. I prefer Reed Mariculture's Phytofeast or DT's Live Phytoplankton. Also be sure to get your clams from a quality dealer. This is very important in that you get clams that are properly cared for in the interim holding, and also are responsible in their selection. I prefer captive bred over wild clams. As for a purchase place, I prefer Barry Neigut at www.clamsdirect.com. Period! The guy knows his stuff, extremely knowledgeable, consults with us here, at WetWebMedia and other sources, often, has a great selection of captive bred clams (WYSIWYG), good prices, really a great resource. I don't get paid to state this, this is just where I have most recently heard lots of good things, seen him at various reef gatherings, presents at them too! Do your own research and find your own source and let us know about it.> The tank is a 135 and is 18 inches deep. thanks a lot <Thanks Sharon for asking your question here at WetWebMedia. We really appreciate your participation. ~Paul>

Collegiate Crewmember Wants a T. maxima - Lighting?  + Anthony's Response
Hey Anthony, and\or anyone else willing to chime in: I'm going to have to downsize to a smaller aquarium
when I go to a dorm, and I'm looking at a "nano" type aquarium with an enclosed hood, retrofitted with PCs
and T5's. I know someone who mods them, and gets 9200Lux @ 1ft depth (about where the clam would be)
using PC and T5 lighting. I have a 7" teardrop (gold\purple\maroon) maxima, and I'm wondering if this will be enough. I'm very wary about not keeping it under halides - think that this would cut it? If not I'll just go with a halide pendant, I was just hoping I could get away with a hood to help prevent beer in the aquarium! :D
Thanks, Michael
<Put that tank in front of the window, and add phyto and I think you'll be just fine.
Adam>
<Your concern for not keeping it under halides is wholly unfounded. This clam and a majority of zooxanthellate creatures we see in the hobby can easily be kept in shallow water under good fluorescent lighting. No worries. Anthony >
 

Lighting for maxima
Dear WWM Crew,
Let me begin by thanking you for this wonderful site! 
<Thank you> 
I have a 29 gallon glass tank with approximately 25 lbs. of LR, a clown goby, an ocellaris clown, a cleaner shrimp, several dwarf hermits, and a mandarin. PH is at 8.2, ammonia is almost zero, same for nitrites, and my nitrates are pretty low. Calcium is about 440 (I'm trying to encourage coralline algae, it's been spreading well lately). I have wanted to keep a Tridacnid for some time now, preferably a blue/purple maxima. I really don't have the money for a metal halide setup, and I've heard that it's possible to keep them under PC's, as long as they're higher up in the tank. Could you give me your feelings and suggestions on this? Thanks so much for all of your time and effort. This site is a lifesaver. 
<Anne, PC's can be used to keep clams, but the wattage level would still have to be high...six to seven watts per gallon. You would still be looking at a 4x65 watt fixture. Orbit does make a 280 watt combo, one 150 HQI and two 65 watt PC's, but you are looking at $430.00. I would look at HQI DIY fixtures. Either way, if you want to keep a maxima, there is no cheap way out in the lighting department. James (Salty Dog)> 

Clams, lights, Feedings - 7/31/05
Hi
<Hi Steve, Ali here...>
I was reading you site about T. Clams and got mixed information about lighting and feeding T. Clams. Here's my question can an adult T. Maxima survive and thrive in a 60 aquarium with 260 watts of PC lighting.
<That won't cut it Steve, you need halides, preferably 2 x 250watt bulbs. P.C. just aren't intense enough to keep the clam happy long-term.>
My second question is do T. Clams over 5 inches still need to be feed live phytoplankton, My last is question will a T. Clam eat copepods and such.
<No and no. Intense lighting along with stable (moderate-high) calcium/alk. parameters will be enough to keep him healthy and growing>
Sorry about all the questions but I really want one but don't want it to die a few days later.
Thanks
<Good luck and keep reading Steve! - Ali>

Tridacnid Lighting  9/24/05
Hello everyone,
<Hello Tyler, Adam J with you.>
I currently have a 135 gallon reef with mostly LPS, Mushrooms & Zoanthids. My tank has 420 watts of VHO lighting.  I am planning to upgrade to 760 watts of VHO lighting.  Is there any type of clam I could keep with this setup?
< A few actually, the two larger clams in the Tridacnid family (T. squamosa and T. derasa) should be fine in your set-up as they are the most tolerant as far as lighting (Compared to their smaller cousins T. crocea and T. maxima). Just make sure to keep Calc. Levels high (350+). Another thing to keep in mind with these clams is their sizes. T. squamosa tops out at around 12” with T. derasa at around 24”. See here for more detail http://www.wetwebmedia.com/tridacnidart.htm . Hippopus hippopus would be a good choice too, requirements are about the same but I find the Tridacnids to be more eye catching.>
  Thanks.
Tyler
<Glad to have helped. Adam J.>

Re: Tridacnid Lighting round 2  9/24/05
Wow, that was a fast response. Could I keep a Crocea if it was in the upper part of the tank?
<I would rather you try a Squamosa or a Derasa first (especially if you have never kept Tridacnids before).  The T. crocea is in my experience the most demanding Tridacnid as far as lightning goes and the most finicky as far as water quality goes.  Some clam enthusiasts will only recommend keeping these critters under Metal Halide lighting, I won’t go that far but I will say I have seen the best success with these under MH.  Many of the Croceas sold as “ULTRA” may not hold their color under the intensity of VHO, if you wish to try it, is to place the clam in the upper 1/3 of the tank and monitor it for signs of bleaching, browning and gaping.  If you see these symptoms its care is lacking in some area.>
Is 760 watts overkill?
<Depends on what type of light and targeted specimens (not enough for some too much for others), but for what your keeping this wattage of VHO should be sufficient and then some.>
Tyler
<Adam J.>

T. crocea Lighting and Placement  11/30/05
Hi,
<Hi Dustin.>
I have read though most of your articles and learned a ton of information for when I set up my next tank, but in the meantime, I have a few questions that I could not find answers to.
<Ok.>
I would like to purchase a T. Crocea Clam (~1-2”), 
<I would go for one in the 2+ range maybe even a little larger.>
and have a question about the lighting. I currently have a 40g tank, that is 36”x18” x 12” deep, with a 175w 14000k MH light 5” from the surface of the water, along with 3 – 24w 6500k mini-PC’s, and a 65w 50/50 ( ½ 10000K, ½ Actinic) PC. The MH is in the back-right side of the tank, the 3 mini-PCs are in the back-left side, and the PC is along the front of the tank. I leave the MH and mini-PCs on for 11 hours a day, and the PC on for 15.5 hours a day. I currently have 2 hammer frags under the MH and 4 candy coral frags under the mini-PCs. The hammers open up more than they did at my LFS, and the candy coral seems to be doing OK, although the heads aren’t opening as much.
<I don’t think the lights or to blame for that, the PC’s are efficient enough for this specimen, maybe water flow?>
My questions are:
1) Is 14000k MH okay for a T. Crocea clam, or should I buy a 10000k replacement bulb?
<I would rather see 10,000K for this specimen.>
2) Where would the best placement for this clam be (which area of the tank, and at what elevation)? I would be inclined to say at mid-depth under the MH, but I hear they need a more full spectrum (mixture of my bulbs).
<I would place it in the rockwork, upper ½ of the tank as close to the MH bulb as possible. T. Crocea is the most light demanding of Tridacnids. Also as far as spectrum, most animals hosting zooxanthellae prefer Kelvin ratings of 6,500K to 10,000K. Actinics and bulbs in the 15,000K to 20,000K are mainly for aesthetics.>
3) Is my MH lights left on too long (11 hr/day) for this clam? (I read here that some people leave theirs on for 6-8 hours per day)
<11 hours is a bit long, I won’t say that it will hurt the clam but it is unnecessary.>
<<Where did these clams evolve?  The equatorial tropics.  Anyone know what the photoperiod of equatorial regions is?  12 hours of light, 12 of dark.  The goal is to mimic natural conditions.  Marina>><Mmm, gets "dark" much quicker underwater than above... due to angles of refraction, and reflection. RMF>
4) What lighting is best for the candy coral? I have read that they do not like direct MH lighting, so I placed them under the mini-PCs, IYO, what is best?
<There placement as far as lighting needs appears fine.>
Thanks, and keep up the good work
<You are welcome and thank you.>
Dustin
<Adam J.>

Lighting Upgrade for Tridacnids  12/12/05
Hi,
<Hello.>
Thanks for having this website, it has increased my knowledge of how to properly take care of my tank.  
<Thank you, I'm glad we have helped.>
I just wanted to ask you for a recommendation/suggestion as to this question.
<Sure.>
I currently have some shrooms, hammer coral, frogspawn, xenia, and a Monti cap in my tank which is approx. 15inches deep.  My question is I currently have A 4X65 (260 WATTS) PC and want to get one crocea clam?  
<Do you? This clam is the most light loving and sensitive of the Tridacnids so I would research thoroughly, WWM is a good place to start, and the book Reef Invertebrates has a great clam chapter, Giant Clams by Daniel Knop is another great book.>
Can I get rid of the PC's altogether and just get two (2) MH pendants.
<Yes that would be a great upgrade to keep this clam.>
Also, what bulb should I use? My tank is 4 feet in length.
<If it were me I would use x2, 250 watt HQI pendants (PFO brand with the electronic ballast) and 10,000K bulbs. That would give you plenty of light.>
Thanks again,
<No problem.>
Jose Nunez
<Adam J.>

Crocea Lighting 1/9/08
Hello,
First off, thank you for answering mine and the thousands of other emails you must get.
<Hello, it is a collaborative effort, we do answer quite a few queries.>
I have a 125 gallon tank with an attached 30 gallon refugium & 20 gallon sump. One half of the tank I keep open swimming space and the other half I have live rock. Currently I have two 72 in blue actinic bulbs powered by an Ice Cap 660 ballast. I also have a 36 in PC 10k bulb over the LR. I received a Crocea clam recently and would like to upgrade the PC lighting to MH.
<Good idea.>
The tank is 18 inches deep, but I plan to keep the clam about 6 to 8 inches from the surface after acclimation to the new lights. Would you recommend 175 or 250 watts for this distance?
<The 175 will work fine at this distance for the clam.>
Also, what type of corals would you recommend keeping with the clam?
<This depends greatly on your taste in corals! Anemones are not a good idea. With other corals just be sure to give the clam its space, and that your corals do not shade the clam. Certain corals lend themselves to be kept with clams, such as Acroporas, simply because they have similar needs in tank conditions (high lighting and flow needs).
Thank you
<Welcome, Scott V.>

Re: New Setup, Clams 1/11/08
Chris,
<Hello>
Thanks for you help.
<Welcome>
Would the T5 system allow me to grow giant clams as well?
<Depends>
If I were to go with MH, would 3x175W be enough or should I go to 3x250W configuration? And finally, for a watt-to-watt comparison, are the T5HO lights more cost effective than MH?
Thank you very much.
Cheers,
John
<All I know about clams I got from here, http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ca/volume_4/V4I3/Tridacna/GotTridacna.htm and the related FAQs , this article should help with the lighting choices and livestock placement.>
<Chris>