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FAQs on Marine Infectious Disease (Bacterial, Fungal, Viral) 4
Related Articles: Infectious Disease, Understanding Bacterial Disease in Aquarium Fish; With a gallery of bacterial infections, a discussion of “Fish TB”, and a listing of major antimicrobial medications with examples available to fishkeepers
By Myron Roth, Ph.D.,
Related FAQs: Infectious Disease 1,
Infectious Disease 2, Infectious
Disease 3, & FAQs on Infectious Disease:
Identification, Causes/Etiology,
Cures/Medications, Case Histories:
Bacterial, True Fungal &
Biological Cleaners, Cryptocaryon, |
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Bacterial infection... Mmm, no... more likely Protozoan 7/6/08
I have a 600 gallon saltwater tank with the following fish: queen
angel, emperor angel, French angel, panther grouper, Volitans lion,
lunare wrasse, harlequin tusk wrasse, niger trigger, blue cheek
trigger, Naso tang, powder blue tang, gold banded maroon clown fish,
and an anemone. All the fish are between 4 inches and 8 inches in
length, with most around 5-6 inches right now. Tank is about 3
months old and has 650 lbs of live rock that has a thin covering of
brown/greenish alga. The alga does not look like hair alga and
actually looks good because it makes the rock look natural. <Ok>
All the fish are eating Dainichi and spectrum marine and veggie
pellets EXTREMELY well, <Good> as well as PE mysis shrimp,
squid, frozen krill, and Prime flake food. I add Selcon vitamin
solution to the food also. They all are voracious eaters and all are
quite fat and plump looking. In the last 2-3 days I have noticed the
queen and French angel and even the grouper have a cloudy swollen
left eye (yes, it is the left eye only on each fish).
<Interesting... and frightening> Have done two 15% water changes
each month since the tank was set up. All fish were added together
except for the niger which was added 2 months after setup and
adapted immediately. <... were these animals quarantined? How
acclimated otherwise?> Nitrite is 0, nitrate is about .10-.15,
<Mmm... an interesting number... what units here? Not ppm, mg./l...
are you sure this is Nitrate?> spec. grav. is 1.023, pH is 8,
water temp is 80 degrees F. BIG UV sterilizer as well as an auto
regulated ozonizer, <Ah, good... what setting is this unit set
for in pH, micro Siemens per cm.?> and two protein skimmers rated
for a total of 900 gallons. The affected fish are acting completely
normal with the exception of some slightly increased amount of
aggression toward the other fish. The two affected angels seem to
pick on the grouper more than the other fish for whatever reason.
I know it is best to use a quarantine tank, <Oh my friend... in a
system of this size... for what you have invested monetarily,
emotionally... it IS mandatory> but since it is nearly impossible
to capture these fish in this tank, is there any product that I can
add to their food rather than just add to the water? <Mmm,
possibly "Garlic"...> I know it may be better to just not add any
meds and do more frequent water changes, <Uhh...> but I was
just checking all options from you guys. Sorry for the long
description, etc, but I am just trying to give you guys all the info
(hopefully I didn't leave too much out) Steve <Actually need
more info., not less... It may well be... scratch that... it is
almost a certainty that you have a pathogen at play here...
Hopefully it will not become "hyperinfective"... so virulent that it
outright kills your fish livestock... Much that we can chat re...
but where to start here? Am hopeful the Premnas is protecting the
anemone from being consumed by your Pomacanthids... Please read
here: http://wetwebmedia.com/parasittksfaqs.htm and the linked
files above. Bob Fenner>
Re: bacterial infection 7/7/08 Bob (or whomever could
respond), <Am here> I read your comments to my last question
yesterday about the swollen, cloudy eye on my French and queen
angels in my 600 gallon system. My mistake on the Nitrate values,
that should have been 5-10 and not .15 (sorry), <Ah, thank you
for this clarification> pH of the water is around 8.0 and
nitrites are not measurable. You had questioned as to whether my
maroon clown protects my anemone from the angels, etc and the answer
is YES. <Good> I can't even try to move or touch the anemone
myself without the clownfish trying to kill me and the anemone is
doing great (not certain of the species). All the fish were
quarantined in multiple "hospital tanks" prior to going into the
main system for 3 weeks (I had to rent multiple tanks from the LFS
due to the aggression and no. of fish involved so I could still add
them around the same time). The niger was the last fish added. None
of the fish showed any evidence of ich, Lymphocystis, cloudy eyes,
or anything else during that time. My ozonizer is set to keep the
ozone level at 350-400 (not certain of units here) which is set up
based on the instructions with the device. <This is about right>
The LFS uses multiple ozonizers on their tanks and they also help
set this one up. I am planning on getting a refugium for this tank
also in the near future. <Good> My main question was: do I
have any option to treat for these probable bacterial or fungal
diseases on these angels with some kind of medicated food (I don't
really believe in garlic stuff, and I am currently supplementing
with Selcon) if I am unable to catch these guys in this tank to
place into quarantine. <Mmm, a tough choice to make... I don't
think antibiotic laced food would do any harm here... store
bought/commercially made or DIY, but also am dubious re how much
good it might do as well> Some of the pieces of live rock in this
tank weigh between 90-100 lbs. To have to get these fish out, I
think I would have to get a good portion of the live rock out too
and I think that will be pretty stressful on the fish also. I have
read about using a non barb fish hook to capture fish like this, but
how do you avoid some of the fish you don't want captured from
getting on the hook? <Maybe only by being "a good fisher">
They all go after food very aggressively. <A good sign> Also,
even if I get these "affected" fish out and in the quarantine tank,
how will I know that my system is not still "infected". So wouldn't
I have to just get all the fish out to put in quarantine to somehow
treat the tank itself anyway in addition to just treating the fish?
<A bit of reading re infectious agents... your, all systems are
"infected" to degrees, kinds... A/the larger issue is whether the
preponderance of given likelihood weighs toward action or no> And
if so, how do I keep these 11 or 12 aggressive fish from killing
each other in a small quarantine tank for several weeks? When I
initially added the fish, I had rented several quarantine tanks from
the LFS, but I just don't have room, capability to have all those
around all the time. I guess I could rent them again from the LFS.
(and yes, I do clean the tanks well before using them) <I would
not move these fishes myself...> I am actually wondering if this
could be trauma related, because the angels love to turn sideways to
get at certain areas of the rock at the water surface to pick at
algae <Mmm, are quite agile...> and I wonder if that could be
why the left eye only is affected in both fish? <A coincidence
surely> It would be the left eye that is close to the rock when
they are in this position which is what makes me think of this. If
it were bacterial/fungal, wouldn't both eyes be affected? The fish
don't have any other marks on them and no visible signs of ich that
I have seen anywhere. <... again, depending on root cause/s>
In any event, should I still tear the tank down, removing hundreds
of lbs of live rock, etc and get all these fish out even if they are
acting and eating normally? <I would assuredly not do this>
None of them are hiding or acting irregular and they continue to eat
any foods I put in the tank for them. The two angels are eating very
well and do actively graze around all the time. They sometimes show
aggression toward each other or their tankmates, but nothing causing
any fin damage or long term problems. <Fine> And finally,
realizing that consistent water changes and water quality is of
paramount importance (and water quality is great at this time), what
would prevent this from happening next month or 6 months from now,
even if I don't add any other livestock (which I don't plan on doing
as I feel the tank is fully stocked given the potential size these
fish could attain)? I just don't want to be tearing my whole setup
down that frequently if you know what I mean. This is a little
tougher than a 30 or 50 gallon system to catch the fish and do all
that. Thanks, Steve <Really just time going by here...
should see this situation rectify itself. I would do nothing overt.
BobF>
Re: bacterial infection 7/7/08 Bob,
<Steve> Thank you for the very quick response on my problem. I
will keep an eye (no pun intended) on the eyes of my angels and hope
for the best right now. <Good. Is what I would do as well> Let
me ask your opinion on a different matter with this 600 gallon
system: Assuming this cloudy eye problem resolves and everything is
"back to normal", there were a few more fishes that I was
considering for this tank in the future. My current "crew" is as
follows: niger trigger (3 inches), blue cheek trigger (4-4.5
inches), Volitans lion (6 inches), panther grouper (6 inches),
maroon gold banded clown (3-3.5 inches), lunare wrasse (7-7.5"),
harlequin tusk wrasse (7"), porcupine puffer (4"), French angel
(4"), queen angel (6.5-7"), emperor angel (4-4.5"), powder blue tang
(4.5"), and Naso tang (9"). I have been wanting to add an
epaulette shark and a snowflake eel to the group at some point but
my LFS can't find an eel large enough that won't slip through the
overflow box slits and the shark is just hard to find period.
<And likely hard to feed here... too much competition> The guy at
my LFS also thinks the eel (and maybe the shark as well) would not
be a good idea because they can dig enough in the sand which may
cause the BIG pieces of live rock to topple or become unsteady and
maybe hit the glass in front or back. Your thoughts? <Mmm, a
minor matter here in my estimation. Am sure you've set the larger
rock down first, before the sand... that it's stable...> I would
also like to get a Picasso Trigger in several months to give these
fish even more time to "establish dominance" in the tank and if I
did I would get him quite small because I know they can get rather
mean with age. <Less so than the Niger almost always> My LFS
guy says he would NOT get the Picasso Trigger due to its attitude
later in life. He says it would be fine early on with the other fish
being in there a while and it being small, but over time it would
become too mean. Your thoughts? <Posted... see WWM re the
Balistids. BobF> Steve |
Is this Marine Ich? 6/5/08 Dear WWM Crew: Would you please
look at this picture I just took of my green chromis and tell me if
this looks like ich, velvet or ???. Thank you kindly. Diane
<Mmm, neither... If Amyloodinium this fish would be very soon
dead... the creeping eruptions here... might be secondarily
pathogenic... but look to be of environmental origin. Bob Fenner>
Re: Is this Marine Ich? Infect. dis f' 06/06/2008 If I
understand you correctly, you saying it's some sort of bacterial
infection? <Yes> I guess it's good news that it's not ich or
velvet - but what does this mean? <That something is/was amiss re
this specimen at least... the treatment, prevailing conditions...>
Will it affect my whole tank? <Possibly, yes> For the past
couple of months, I thought one of the other fish might be picking
on the chromis because it seems to be hiding all the time and it has
little nips on it. <Bingo. This condition is borne of over-stress
really... opportunistic pathogens... that exist... everywhere>
The nips have now increased and become these "creeping eruptions".
I've not seen anything actually attacking it though. What do you
suggest I do? <Remove this fish... if necessary, summarily
destroy it... otherwise, isolate away from other fishes> Other
inhabitants are two clowns, one six line wrasse, a lawnmower blenny,
a small mimic tang, three blue-eyed cardinals and a diamond goby.
The tank is 55 gal. Thank you so much for your assistance Bob.
Diane <A pleasure to assist, inform you. BobF... whose wife is
also named... "the huntress"> |
Bacteria... 2ndarily...
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Fin & Tail Rot 3-31-08 Hello, A few days ago my Firefish and
white sleeper goby started showing signs of fin & tail rot. (They live
together under one of the rocks.) I have not introduced anything new
into the aquarium for a couple of months except for some macroalgae
plants (maiden's hair & red grape kelp plants). I did not bother to
quarantine the macroalgae. The nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, chlorine is
zero and PH is 8.4. The tank is 90 gallons w/ a wet dry filter &
prefilter, skimmer, UV, and activated carbon in the filter. <Sounds
good> I have some corals, 70 lbs of live rock, a clownfish and a
Lemonpeel dwarf angel. The Lemonpeel often chases after the Firefish
looking to nip him but I have never seen the Lemonpeel come close as the
Firefish is way too fast for him. Yesterday the Firefish seemed to
be healing and today he looks almost 100% healed. His tail and dorsal
fins (not the antenna-like fin) were tattered. The sleeper goby however
looks worse as a third of his body (his tail, essentially) is now gone.
Yet he moves about gobbling sand as if unbothered. I mixed in
tetracycline which I am taking for myself currently, with some mysis
shrimp and fed the tank with this yesterday. However later on I read
that tetracycline is almost useless in marine aquariums. So I'm
wondering what to do now and if it's worth treating. Is it too late for
the goby? Will his tail grow back? What do you think caused this? The
stress from the Lemonpeel? Also, do you recommend adding Chemi-Pure
into my filter instead of the activated carbon? Thanks and all the
best. <Something has likely tattered the fins, and/or is stressing
your afflicted fish, and the only thing that's immediately obvious is
the angel. I would keep an eye on them, and if their fins aren't
healing, move them into a quarantine tank and treat them with one of the
commercially available medications for this malady (Seachem makes
excellent products, and Mardel makes good medications as well). I've
never used Chemi-pure, but I've heard good things about it, so it's
worth a try if you're so incline. M. Maddox>
Dying Copperband – 1/04/08 Hi guys! <Holly> I've never
been to this site before, but I was directed here but a blogger on
the PNWMAS.org website (pacific northwest marine aquarium society) I
hope you can diagnose this disease! <Mmm... yes> I have a
Copperband that started out with a darkish bump at the base of its
dorsal fin last week. It's in quarantine with Organi-Cure
(copper-based) and "kick fungus" in the appropriate doses but
nothing helps. The fish's flesh is literally disappearing and the
bone is exposed. <This fish is being digested... microbially>
I can't believe the fish hasn't died yet, but it's acting completely
normal (besides not eating for many days now). I figured it was
a fungus the way it's been eating up the flesh, but I can't be sure.
I know this particular fish is certainly a lost cause already, but
for future reference, I'd like to identify whatever this is that's
eating its flesh so I'll know how to treat it next time. Meds don't
seem to do any good. The pics were taken this morning. Thank
you so much for any info you could provide! Holly Sachs PS I
don't know how to navigate around your site yet so please let me
know if you respond. I'll keep trying to check the site but it's a
huge one, and I'm kinda at a loss how to get about! Thank you!
<I doubt if this condition can be reversed at this point... are you
"friends" with a veterinarian in your area? Please have them contact
me through this email address. A shot or two of Chloramphenicol
might save this animal... but I am dubious. Bob Fenner>
Re: dying Copperband 1/5/08 The Copperband finally died
yesterday (thank god--it looked horrific). <Yes> I wasn't so
much trying to save the fish--it was obviously a goner--as find out
what did this. Do you have any idea what kind of infection would
eat flesh like this, and at such an alarming rate? <Can only be a
guess (otherwise culture, microscopic exam, food and staining
characteristics... to ID)... but Vibriosis, perhaps Aeromonads might
well have been involved here> In less than a week it went from
normal to half-digested and dead. Is it fungal or bacterial?
<The latter> Any ideas? In case I ever see it again, I'd like to
know the proper way to treat it, since the usual meds did no good
whatsoever... (The only vet I know is the typical one that sees
our cat and dog annually, and I don't know them on any significantly
personal level.) Thank you for replying so swiftly! Holly
Sachs PS Love the site - so much information. <Do take a read
through Ed Noga's "Fish Disease; Diagnosis and Treatment"... Bob
Fenner>
Re: dying Copperband 1/5/08 Ed Noga's "Fish Disease;
Diagnosis and Treatment" Will do. Thank you very much for
your help. Holly Sachs <Welcome my friend. BobF> |
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