2 very quick questions and then I have to join reality... JC Aquarium courses, degrees, Pangasiid ID, sick Echidna...  7/28/07
<Heeee! Definitions please>
Thanks for your help!
<Welcome>
I have one more situation:
I am very new to the marine world. I am taking a course in Aquarium Science at Oregon Coast Community College in Newport, Oregon (new program).
<Neat! Have just perused this site... very exciting to realize such one and two year programs exist...>
Question 1) Where do you get all your info? Do you all have years of experience, biology master degrees?
<Mmm, many years of collecting aquarium literature, reading critically, writing (few processes make one learn better...), have an extensive pet-fish, fisheries, ichthyological library... Worked in the ornamental aquatics trade earnestly for decades... Do have many years of formal academic education, degrees in the life sciences... My brief bio. here: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/WWMAdminSubWebIndex/bobfbio.htm>
A few select books you rely heavily on?
<Yikes... there are many... Ed Noga, Fish Disease, Diagnosis and Treatment seems pertinent here... the Modern Coral Reef Aquarium tomes by Fossa and Nilsen... Debelius Atlas series...>
Question 2) My snowflake eel is bloated. Yesterday it happened. I watch this dude every day. I have read all the info and I am saddened to think that it is going to die. Yes it was eating guppies, our lionfish died two days ago (in a different tank). I am afraid we got some 'bad' fish, however the Pangasiid is doing very well.
<Mmm, I see... this group/family is tough...>
Could this be a possibility-the 'bad' guppies? Or is there something else going on?
<Might well be related to something in/on the "feeders"...>
The ell is still alive this morning.
Thanks ever so much! Really!
<You have read here: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/snoflkeeldisfaqs.htm
and the linked files above?
Bob Fenner>

Snowflake eel; dislocated jaw; 12 gallons; malnutrition – 07/30/07
Wet Web Crew,
<Chris>
I have a small snowflake moray eel that hasn't eaten in over a month.
<Can happen. Hopefully it will survive another one.>
His breathing appears labored, and he doesn't look well now. A few weeks ago, I noticed that his lower jaw was deviated to the side, almost as if someone had kicked him and dislocated it.
<Likely an accident with a tumbling rock or a pump.>
This roughly corresponds to his reduced eating, though I can't confirm the timing precisely. His jaw definitely wasn't crooked for the first 15 months I had him. He lives alone, so the possibility for accidents seems small, though he does like to slither into the back of my 12 gallon nanocube and curl up near the pump.
<You had him for 15 months and he is still in a 12 gallon nanocube? That is no adequate tank in my opinion. Even if he was tiny when purchased and carefully fed, it should have outgrown this tank in a few months. Hope your water quality is sufficient and upgrading is being considered.>
I don't know if there is a screen on the pump intake (it's buried down deep). I'd hope there is one, but the designers might have omitted it if they were relying on the big sponge filter. This sounds like a reach, but I can't explain why his jaw is visibly out of whack and he can't eat. I've been watching and waiting, periodically offering him food and hoping his jaw would heal.
<Yes, they are hardy, I have seen healthy living wild specimens even with missing parts of the jaws and the gills. However, if your specimen doesn’t eat sooner or later, it is doomed. Try to offer some small pieces of prawn or tempting mussel flesh, even Mysis might be swallowed due to its small size. If no food item works, force feeding with a tube or a veterinarian (x-ray, relocating the jaw if possible) are the solutions left.>
I worry whether I was underfeeding him, and this somehow led to a disease of his jaw.
<Unlikely, they do not need much food. Underfeeding a small eel would be feeding less than a piece of food (size of the mouth) per week. Large specimens can be fed every two weeks without getting thin.>
I had been feeding him krill.
<Very bad as the only food. Needs much more variation and vitamin addition and if indeed the only food offered for 15 months likely is another or even the reason for the bad condition of this eel leading to deficiency diseases caused by malnutrition. A growing young eel without a proper diet likely has weak bones, tendons and muscles, which are more easily damaged.>
Any thoughts on how this might have come about, and on what I might do to save him?
<Hope that helps and good luck with your moray eel. Marco.>
Thanks, Chris.

Snowflake eel; dislocated jaw; 12 gallons; malnutrition – 07/30/07
Wet Web Crew,
<Chris>
I have a small snowflake moray eel that hasn't eaten in over a month.
<Can happen. Hopefully it will survive another one.>
His breathing appears labored, and he doesn't look well now. A few weeks ago, I noticed that his lower jaw was deviated to the side, almost as if someone had kicked him and dislocated it.
<Likely an accident with a tumbling rock or a pump.>
This roughly corresponds to his reduced eating, though I can't confirm the timing precisely. His jaw definitely wasn't crooked for the first 15 months I had him. He lives alone, so the possibility for accidents seems small, though he does like to slither into the back of my 12 gallon nanocube and curl up near the pump.
<You had him for 15 months and he is still in a 12 gallon nanocube? That is no adequate tank in my opinion. Even if he was tiny when purchased and carefully fed, it should have outgrown this tank in a few months. Hope your water quality is sufficient and upgrading is being considered.>
I don't know if there is a screen on the pump intake (it's buried down deep). I'd hope there is one, but the designers might have omitted it if they were relying on the big sponge filter. This sounds like a reach, but I can't explain why his jaw is visibly out of whack and he can't eat. I've been watching and waiting, periodically offering him food and hoping his jaw would heal.
<Yes, they are hardy, I have seen healthy living wild specimens even with missing parts of the jaws and the gills. However, if your specimen doesn’t eat sooner or later, it is doomed. Try to offer some small pieces of prawn or tempting mussel flesh, even Mysis might be swallowed due to its small size. If no food item works, force feeding with a tube or a veterinarian (x-ray, relocating the jaw if possible) are the solutions left.>
I worry whether I was underfeeding him, and this somehow led to a disease of his jaw.
<Unlikely, they do not need much food. Underfeeding a small eel would be feeding less than a piece of food (size of the mouth) per week. Large specimens can be fed every two weeks without getting thin.>
I had been feeding him krill.
<Very bad as the only food. Needs much more variation and vitamin addition and if indeed the only food offered for 15 months likely is another or even the reason for the bad condition of this eel leading to deficiency diseases caused by malnutrition. A growing young eel without a proper diet likely has weak bones, tendons and muscles, which are more easily damaged.>
Any thoughts on how this might have come about, and on what I might do to save him?
<Hope that helps and good luck with your moray eel. Marco.>
Thanks, Chris.

Eel with dislocated or broken jaw (follow up) – 08/15/07 was: Snowflake eel; dislocated jaw; 12 gallons; malnutrition - 07/30/07
WetWeb Crew,
<Chris>
Thank you for your reply to my question.
<You are welcome.>
The eel was originally in a 26-gallon tank, until he became aggressive toward one of the fish, so the 12-gallon nanocube was a temporary solution until he moved into a friend's 300 gallon tank. I think it's probable that the pump caused the injured jaw, as I only have light plastic coral decorations. I have to assume that this nanocube tank is unsafe for eels, and will not keep another one in it.
<Okay.>
I removed him from the tank, wrapped him in a wet t-shirt, and examined his jaw with the intent of reducing the dislocation if possible, but the lower jaw is completely floppy -- no chance of it regaining it's function -- likely a fracture rather than a dislocation.
<Fractures can heal, too.>
I tried to push a wet krill into his mouth, but stopped when it didn't go in with a gentle push. The next step is to see if he'll eat some mushy food out of the end of a long bulb pipette. If that fails, I can't see how I can feed him.
<Might be better to try a rubber tube and a syringe instead of a rigid pipette, which might hurt the eel. Tranquil or clove oil can be used to sedate the fish if necessary. See http://www.wetwebmedia.com/anesthefaqs.htm (no articles I fear).>
If it comes to that, should I let him starve, or euthanize him?
<I’d prefer to wait and see if the jaw might heal and try force feeding with a tube once a week, or if you can get a good amount of food in him even every two or three weeks. If it does not work and you feel like ending his pains see http://www.wetwebmedia.com/euthanasiafaqs.htm. See here to gain some hope: http://www.starfish.ch/photos/fishes-Fische/moray-Muraenen/Gymnothorax-fimbriatus-2.jpg. This wound is healed.>
Thanks, Chris.
<Good luck. I hope for an unexpected happy end. Marco.>

Dead snowflake eel; improper diet and tank mate – 07/24/07
I had a small snowflake eel (maybe 8 inches long) in my 30 gallon tank for about 2 months and he seemed very healthy and happy since the first day I got him, regularly hand fed him one good sized piece of freeze dried krill every 3 days.
<Hee! Until they grow and get you. However, freeze dried krill is not useful as the main food at all. If you carry on feeding that to a young moray eel, he never will live long enough to mutilate your hand. Varied, frozen and untreated sea food makes an adequate diet and even this should be improved occasionally by adding vitamins.>
Yesterday morning I woke up and he was sprawled out in the gravel and his stomach was so bloated that it looked like it was going to pop, and he died a few hours later and he went flat as a pancake so I’m guessing he didn’t happen to eat something he shouldn’t have. Any ideas on what could have happened?
<Improper diet followed by a weak general condition and a deadly problem with digestion.>
The only conclusion I could come to was maybe some kind of parasite or possibly he was stung by the lionfish I added the day before?
<The latter is an alternative possibility. Typical symptoms are spasms and erratic swimming. You should be able to see a tiny wound in that case. Those two do not always mix well, especially in a 30 gallon tank. It also could have ended the opposite way. I’m sorry for your loss, but please do some more research on the needs of your pets before you buy them the next time. Marco.>

At a loss... Snowflake moray death... overcrowded sys., some biofiltr. shortfall... 6/22/07  re-sent... sigh... same answers
(Apologize if this comes through several times. Keep getting fatal errors from the server)
<No worries>
Hey guys, Richard from Hawaii again,
<BobF headed out that way next mo...>
Big trauma this AM as we watched our 12" snowflake die shortly after we woke up. Have had him for 3-4 months and he was thriving, swimming eating etc.
Zero sign of distress until late last night.
I conducted my weekly water change yesterday (30% with coral and gravel cleaning). I usually do a water only change every week and a hot water soak of all the coral every 2nd or 3rd week to minimize the algae.
A refresher on my set-up:
75 gal fish only
ESHOPPS-100 wet/dry with Rio-2500 return pump (still going strong)
TurboTwist UV (on the return line) SeaClone 100 in sump (no, haven't replaced yet, but am working on the replumbing you suggested)
Stock: Dog Face Puffer, Tomato Clown, Queen Angel, Dwarf Golden Moray (14"),
<This system is WAY overcrowded...>
several small Damsels (kids won't let me get rid of the starter fish).
(Threadfin butterfly and small humu have passed since I last e-mailed.
Believe the puffer got the threadfin. Unsure on the humu.)
Just completed a full water test (Instant Ocean Quick Test Kit), with the following results:
Ammonia: <.1ppm (smallest scale)
Nitrite: <.2ppm (smallest scale)
<These NEED to be zero, zip, nada...>
Nitrate: <10ppm
pH: 7.9 (I know this is low, but consistent with previous reading. I add SeaChem pH buffer to the makeup to drive it up to 8.0, but usually returns to 7.9. Also add NovAqua as a dechlorinator)
<I'd pre-mix, store your new water for a week... and not use>
Alk: 11.2 DKH
I feed with a homemade combination of Ocean Nutrition Formula 1 and 2, Mysis shrimp, brine shrimp and squid. Strips of squid for the puffer and eels.
Everyone else appears to be doing fine. I did change the coral arrangement, and everyone was working on finding new homes. Could I have overstressed him by changing his environment? Could he have swallowed a piece of gravel digging a new home? Certainly not the first water change he has been through. I'm using the same husbanding and feeding strategy I have used for years and have never had the losses I'm having now.
This one hits hard. Even the Golden misses his friend. Open to any suggestions.
Thanks as always,
Richard
<Nothing jumps out here Richard as a direct cause... But you really need a MUCH larger system for the species you list... The Atlantic Angel alone requires a couple of hundred gallons... And the trace nitrogenous wastes? Trouble. Bob Fenner>

Dead snowflake, unknown cause – 06/10/07
Hey guys, Richard from Hawaii again,
<Hi Richard.>
Big trauma this AM as we watched our 12" snowflake die shortly after we woke up.
<Sorry for your loss. How did he die? Did he have spasms or was he rather lethargic? Any changes with regard to breathing? Did he loose his mucous coat? See WWM marine diseases and moray FAQs re the symptoms you observed.>
Have had him for 3-4 months and he was thriving, swimming eating etc. Zero sign of distress until late last night. I conducted my weekly water change yesterday (30% with coral and gravel cleaning). I usually do a water only change every week
<Do you use RO water? Has your house copper pipes?>
and a hot water soak of all the coral <substrate I assume, because say your tank is a fish only.> every 2nd or 3rd week to minimize the algae.
<I’d rather improve natural nitrate reduction to get rid of the algae. Posted on WWM.>
A refresher on my set-up: 75 gal fish only ESHOPPS-100 wet/dry with Rio-2500 return pump (still going strong), TurboTwist UV (on the return line), SeaClone 100 in sump (no, haven't
replaced yet, but am working on the re-lumbing you suggested)
Stock: Dog Face Puffer, Tomato Clown, Queen Angel, Dwarf Golden Moray (14") <want one, too.> Damsels (kids won't let me get rid of the starter fish). (Threadfin butterfly and small humu have passed since I last e-mailed. Believe the puffer got the threadfin. Unsure on the humu.)
<To me it seems like a lot of fish for 75 gallon, especially with the three you lost.>
Just completed a full water test (Instant Ocean Quick Test Kit), with the following results:
Ammonia: <.1ppm (smallest scale), Nitrite: <.2ppm (smallest scale) <Those two should be 0 and show no coloration in the test.>
Nitrate: <10ppm
pH: 7.9 (I know this is low, but consistent with previous reading.
<Probably due to the bio-load.>
I add SeaChem pH buffer to the makeup to drive it up to 8.0, but usually returns to 7.9. Also add NovAqua as a dechlorinator), Alk: 11.2 DKH
I feed with a homemade combination of Ocean Nutrition Formula 1 and 2, Mysis shrimp, brine shrimp and squid. Strips of squid for the puffer and eels.
<A little more variation for the latter two, e.g. mussel and prawn with vitamin additions would be fine.>
Everyone else appears to be doing fine. I did change the coral arrangement, and everyone was working on finding new homes. Could I have overstressed him by changing his environment?
<Unlikely, if he ate.>
Could he have swallowed a piece of gravel digging a new home?
<Also rather unlikely.>
Certainly not the first water change he has been through. I'm using the same husbanding and feeding strategy I have used for years and have never had the losses I'm having now. This one hits hard. Even the Golden misses his friend. Open to any suggestions.
<Losing three fishes in a row should ring all alarm bells, even if you suspect the puffer killed one. Something is probably wrong in the system. Check for copper in your hot tap water. Some eels very sensitive to it. Also check your dead eel for external wounds/infections. Another possibility may be he was squeezed under a rock in the changed setup. I would not add further fishes now.>
Thanks as always,
Richard.
<Cheers, Marco.>

Snowflake not eating, discoloration = inadequate food, high nitrates – 06/05/07
Hi WWM Crew! <Hi Jesse.>
I have a 55 gallon FO aquarium, which I've had set up for several months now. I bought a 7.5" Snowflake Eel about 2 weeks ago, and when I first got him, he seemed to be doing fine. He was fed feeder fish (rosy reds) at the pet store.
<Bad practice, this species is totally inadequate as a feeder fish. An enzyme (thiaminase) contained in these fish destroys vitamins in your moray eel.>
But I fed him freeze-dried krill after I bought him, and he was eating really well.
<Not much better. Go to the supermarket and get some (uncooked) sea food such as mussel flesh, squid etc. While you are shopping visit the LFS, get some vitamin supplements for fish and (if your are running low on salt) a new bucket of salt, because you’ll need to do lots of partial water changes. You may want to tell them feeding rosy reds, minnows, goldfish and such to other fishes will harm them.>
Then a few days later, he stopped eating. I thought maybe it was because I was overfeeding him earlier, because I read online that if you overfeed them, sometimes they go a couple weeks without eating.
But then today, when I woke up and turned the tank light on. I looked at him, and he was
a lot lighter-colored than he was yesterday. There was an area near his head, a couple
inches long, where he was all pale and white, and the big black spots were gray instead. But all the rest of his body was still the normal color - light yellow with big black spots. And the white part of his body looks fatter than I think it used to be. He still looks the same, it's horrible! He also seems to be breathing a bit heavier now, too, but it could just be my imagination.
<In the white area he probably is producing too much mucous. Your Snowflake moray is really in a bad condition, probably due to a vitamin deficiency and high nitrates. Possibly the thick mucous coat makes your eel look heavier. I hope it’s no swelling from a bacterial infection.>
I also recently (after I bought him) read that feeding them freshwater feeder fish will cause
liver disease for the eel - do you think that’s what it could be, since that’s what he was fed at the pet store? <Not all freshwater feeder fish are bad, rosy reds are.>
Does anybody know what it is, or has anybody here ever experienced this before? Please help me!!! Here are my water parameters: pH: 8.3 Temperature: 77° Salinity: 1.023 Ammonia: 0
Nitrite: 0 Nitrate: 60-70 Thanks –Jesse.
<Those nitrates are way too high. Certainly they are adding to the bad condition of your moray eel or even predominately cause it. You need to decrease them by daily partial water changes to below 20. Try feeding him small pieces of squid or mussel (they love both) soaked in vitamins, but don’t stress him too much by hunting him with the food stick/tweezers. If he does not eat, hope improving the water quality will improve his condition. Also hope there are no bacterial infections in the areas the mucous production is disturbed. When your moray eel survives, think about improving filtration of your tank. Those nitrates are way too high. Think about a larger tank, more live rock, a refugium/sump with DSB and algae, and a larger skimmer. 55 gallons will hardly be enough for a snowflake eel in the long run, even if there are no other fishes. They are hardy, I hope he pulls through. Good luck. Marco.>

Quarantining a snowflake eel – 04/25/07
Dear Bob,
<Marco here with you today.>
I am about to acquire a Snowflake eel. I always quarantine my new fish for 6 weeks
<good.>, of that 4 weeks are typically under a hyposalinity treatment (1.010). The process has worked very well not having seen common diseases introduced to my tank for over two years.
<That’s the way it should be in all displays.>
Can a Snowflake eel handle such hyposalinity treatment? <Yes. Be sure to use a lid, though. See http://www.wetwebmedia.com/snowflakemoray.htm for selection, etc.>
Regards, Ash.

Another snowflake jail break - 03/28/07
Hi,
<Hi Aaron, Marco here.>
my moray got out last night and I'm just wondering if he going to be alright. He was still alive, when I picked him up, but when I put him back in the tank he threw up his food. Is this normal?
<sign of stress.>
He is only 30 long and I'm worried he is going to die.
<Chances for survival are rather good.>
I would also like to know how often should I feed him if he is alright.
<If the 30 is in cm every day to every other day, if it is in inch twice a week.>
Thank you in advance. Aaron.
Just me again. His skin is peeling. I know that's normal when they get out.
<Yes. Can take several months until it is completely healed.>
Is there anything special that I can do? Thanks, Aaron.
<Provide pristine water quality and soak his food in vitamins to prevent secondary bacterial infections.>

Elvis the Snowflake Eel-God Rest His Soul! - 10/24/06
Hi Bob,
<<Eric here...Bob is still "out and about">>
I live in Key Largo and had Elvis for 9 years, he died today!
<<Sorry for your loss>>
I think he was about 13.  I am crushed, what is the life expectancy for these critters?
<<Hmm, don't know the specifics of Echidna nebulosa but similar species have been known to live as long as two-decades in captivity, though I suspect average life expectancy is somewhat less>>
I introduced a sponge crab into the tank about a week ago.
<<Mmm...must question the wisdom of this considering a snowflake eel will certainly eat any/all crustacean tankmates>>
The water became out of balance, Elvis has lived through this before though.
<<Did Elvis eat the crab?  You do realize the sponge of the sponge-crab serves as both camouflage and as a toxic deterrent?>>
Please let me know what you think.
<<Is likely Elvis simply died of old age...13 years is probably about "average" for captive care>>
Thanks!
Angie
<<Regards, Eric Russell>>

Snowflake Troubles, Iodine?  Tank Size? - 09/30/2006
Hello All,
<Hi!  Sorry for the delay in this reply - your email was in a format that our Webmail system has some trouble with, so unfortunately, mine is one of the only systems able to respond to it....  and I've been kind of out for a bit.  I do apologize.>
My snowflake of almost three years is known as little pig. He's housed in a 75gal tank.
<Very disturbingly small for this species....>
The snowflake has completely stopped eating. (2 weeks)
<Not unusual for an eel, really - but I am concerned, especially with the tank size in question.>
Tank mates include one yellow tang 3 years old. One cleaner wrasse 5 months old (I know you don't like seeing these fish in the home, but I love these little guys.)
<.... love them right to death, then....  Not only do they have terribly poor survivability in home aquaria (obligate parasitivores that they are), but removing them from their natural environment can - and does, in some cases - have grievous impact on the environment from which they are removed.  If you continue to purchase these animals, do so knowing that not only are you dooming an animal to death by starvation, but knowing also that you've deprived the animals in its environment from their primary source of parasite removal, and perhaps doomed animals in nature to death, as well.>
and one lionfish 2 years who passed from a growth in his mouth.
<.... what sort of growth?  Was this an iodine deficiency? .... Incidentally, this is more bioload than I can conscientiously recommend in a 75 gallon aquarium.  Big, messy eaters (eel, lion) contribute to making it even more unsettling.>
And some corals.
<.... what sort?>
Diet: Frozen shrimp, Salmon, and live ghost shrimps as treats.
<Good foods for the eel.  Might even try some other frozen meaty foods, especially Ocean Nutrition's Formula One.>
Water tested and then to give you all the readings they fall in the norm.
Did check phosphate levels too.
<"Norm" means nothing to me/us.  We need actual readings/results to be able to fully know what's going on in the tank.>
The snowflake has never gone on a hunger strike before...not like the lionfish.  
<Disconcerting that your lionfish would ever refuse food....>
Reason for name (pig) and for the concern. He was out swimming and laid in front and was able to measure him. 27 in. Could he need a bigger home???
<Oh heck yeah.  That's a really big fellow.  He'd really do better to be in a bigger space.>
I cried over the lion.. Lord knows this will hurt more.
<It is, indeed, very painful to lose such an animal.  They become family....  and I am deeply sad for your loss of the lion.>
Thanks for the info.  Love the site.  It's the first place I go, when I need some answers.
<Glad to be of service.  Wish I could help more - please do reply with your water parameters; that should hopefully shed some light on things.  Also inspect the eel closely for any "lumps" or "growths" inside the mouth or under the jaw.  I suspect your lion may have been deficient in iodine, and perhaps that's the same problem with the eel at this point.  Water parameters will help to gain an understanding here.  And please....  Stop supporting (with your dollars) the practice of removing (killing) cleaner wrasses from the places they need to be.>
Brenda
<Wishing you well,  -Sabrina>

Snowflake eel damage/Tang species id    9/22/06
Saludos from Puerto Rico again! My snowflake eel died last night (after a couple of years with me), as I previously mentioned he wasn't able to feed (actually swallow the food) offered and in the last weeks was not even interested in what was offered (frozen krill and squid). In the last weeks I noticed that even his mouth was not closing normally, like the lower jaw was not aligned with the upper jaw, and someone from a LFS mentioned me that this was a condition that snowflakes sometimes suffer, is it true or maybe this could just be caused by an injury from the emerald crab confrontation or even by not feeding well (nutrition)?
<My guess would be on a physical injury... from swimming about, and into something>
Another question, yesterday I bought a tang that was sold to me as blue eye tang, I never heard of this species and is actually a beautiful fish, it looks like a Kole or yellow eye tang but instead of a yellow ring around his eye it is blue and the tail is more elongated than the Kole. Do you have some information about this name?
<Mmm, perhaps here: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ctenocha.htm
Ctenochaetus binotatus. Bob Fenner>

Snowflake Eel... iodide deficiency   7/26/06
Hello,
  I have a 75 gallon marine tank, to which I have a seahorse, a damsel fish, and a snowflake eel. (On a side note I do realize that a seahorse would be hard to take care of with its current tank mates, but I assure you, I make sure it gets enough food, and is not harassed by the other fish)
<Mmm... yes, hard to provide food with the damsel competing, in such a large volume...>
They all seemed to be doing fine, but when I went to feed everyone, I noticed that my eel's belly and a little passed the throat area seemed to be lumpy in some areas, and inverted in others.
<Ahh, good observation... Likely a thyroidal tumor...>
I just recently noticed this, he is eating fine (krill) and seems to be swimming fine as well. I worries me, and I would like to know if you have any ideas on what this may be or how I should go about treating it. Also, my eel is only about 8 to 9 inches long if that has any relevancy.   
  Thank you very much,
  Krista
<Yep... please read here: http://wetwebmedia.com/snoflkeeldisfaqs.htm
and the linked files above. Bob Fenner>

Re: Snowflake Eel... iodide deficiency   7/28/06
Also, I checked my water and everything seems to be just fine. I was also wondering, if what you stated could be the problem with my eel, is it possible that this could happen over the span of a couple of days. One day he was looking normal, and two days later, is when I saw what was wrong.
Thanks again,
Krista
<Not likely to "just happen" so quickly, but not unusual for such to go unnoticed until "large enough" to become macroscopially appreciable. Bob Fenner>

Re: Problem with Snowflake Moray   7/31/06
Hi crew,
<Jonathan>
I've just got some much better photos, which I've attached.
<Mmm, not attached... embedded, and won't open>
The red patch sticks out from the fish, I'm wondering of it's suspicious?
<Likely>
I realize copper and dye based meds are out, but would a freshwater dip be wise?
<Not IMO... have you read on WWM re Morays in general and Echidna nebulosa Disease, Nutrition, Systems...? Bob Fenner>

Re: Problem with Snowflake Moray, attaching files   8/4/06
Hi crew,
<Jonathan>
Did you receive the mail below, and were the photos helpful with diagnosis?
<Did receive this email, still trouble with embedded files... need to be tiffs, jpgs, bmps... ATTACHED...>
We checked on the eel today, and the swelling under his mouth appears to be receding, but he keeps twitching his head from side to side as  
if something is bothering him.
Any ideas on what this looks like, and how we can help the eel?
<Same query, same response as previous. Please see WWM for its archival. Bob Fenner>

Re: Snowflake Moray problems, no cumulative useful info.    8/19/06
Hi crew,
<Jonathan>
Please help.
The situation with our snowflake has worsened.
Where he had swollen areas, pretty much overnight he has open wounds, as if something has eaten away at his body.
Any advice on how we can help him would be appreciated. I've attached the most recent photos.
<These embedded pix are not opening>
I've got a hospital tank up and ready, but just want some advice on what to do next
<Read: on WWM re Echidna nebulosa disease, all Moray Disease FAQs, systems, nutrition... What have you done thus far? In reviewing what you had written before... did you treat with an iodide/ine/ate material? Bob Fenner>

Re: Snowflake Moray problems   8/20/06
Sincere apologies for the problems with the photos. I've now uploaded them under my user ID (JonR400) on WetWebFotos. I hope you can find them there.
<Mmm, nope: http://wetwebfotos.com/Home?actionRequest=users
Not listed or searchable.>
I've been dosing with Iodine twice weekly, and have kept the water quality to the usual high standard, but have taken no other steps.
I think the photos are quite dramatic (unfortunately) so I think they may well help with a diagnosis. If there's another method other than  
putting them on WetWebFotos, I'd be happy to try it.
<Mmm... well... there are other possibilities. I would try another form of iodine... Betadine... Bob Fenner>
 

Re: Snowflake Moray problems   8/21/06 Please try the following link, this may help: http://wetwebfotos.com/Home?actionRequest=userview&userID=10586 <Ahh, thanks for this... "WWM User..." Does look very bad... viral involvement possibly... but I still wouldn't "give up"... there is still a good chance this fish will recover, repair. Bob Fenner>

Re: Snowflake Moray problems   8/22/06
Hi,
<Hello>
Thanks for the encouragement.
Is there any other treatment you could recommend to assist if it is a viral issue? At the moment, things just seem to be going from bad to worse.
Thanks again for all your time.
<Unfortunately, no. There are anti-virals in use for human therapies, but these are untested for fishes as far as I'm aware. Bob Fenner>

Snowflake moray eel health question    6/26/06
Hello, First off great site. I had something odd happen. I have a 200  gallon tank with some tangs, a hawkfish, dogface puffer and a dragon wrasse.  The
tank has 180lbs of live rock. I have had a snowflake eel but the other day I saw it roaming around exposed (it's usually hiding). The top of its head
looked  as though it had some internal bleeding or something? The next day it was dead.  All tests are ok, weekly water changes and all of the other fish seem fine. I  thought the eel was a very hardy fish? I had it in the tank for over a year and  a half. Do you have any idea's?
<Perhaps a secondary infection resultant from a mechanical injury... The Echidna zooming about, whacking its head against a sharp rock... my best guess here. Bob Fenner>

Re: Emerald crab chances against eels... Zip ... Echidna injury  - 05/20/2006
Hello! I come to you again with a little concern on the situation I described to you about my snowflake eel trying to consume an emerald crab. Since that day I moved the crab to the refugium but up in the main tank the eel have change since that day. I noticed that after the eel attacked and tried to swallow the emerald crab he/she can't eat very well. When offered with food the eel will take it with the normal interest but I have noticed that he/she can't swallow the food as previously  and keep chewing it for some time and sometimes the eel just release the food item and keep looking for more. Some times you can see the mouth of the eel full of dried shrimps but that is not normal since before he/she always swallow those quickly and look for more Would this be that the eel was injured in that episode? It has been some time since that situation and the eel have not got better.
<... might have damaged its mouth... perhaps related to the Mithraculus incident. Not much to do here but wait, hope, keep trying small-enough foods every few days. Bob Fenner>
 

Snowflake eel has peeling skin  - 05/20/2006 Dear WWM: <Irene> I have had my Snowflake Eel for 18 months.  He has grown from about 6 inches in length to about 12 inches in length and has grown triple in diameter.  He remains relatively active and seems to behave okay.  Water parameters are good and he lives in an 80 gallon tank with three Bannerfish and one rainbow wrasse. This morning I discovered that my eel has what appears to be a large gash on the left side of his neck where his gill is.  I did not notice any appearance of injury or illness on my eel about three days ago.  I did not have a chance to see him the past two days because he was hiding under a rock...perhaps due to his illness or injury. <Likely is from dashing about... during the evening...> Here is a photo.  Is this a mechanical injury from moving under and around rocks or is this an illness?   <The former> The skin has peeled off.  I am so sad.  I don't know if he will survive.  So far, he is moving around okay and does not seem to be dying. <Echidnas are tough animals... I give you, it good odds of recovery> The eel last ate about 10 days ago and it was squid.  I usually feed it shrimp or squid or silversides.  I tried to feed it about three days ago but he was not interested. Thanks for any ideas that you may have on this. Irene <Steady on... keep your water quality stable, optimized... and keep offering foods and all should be fine. Bob Fenner>

Snowflake moray eel... swelling   3/21/06
I recently purchased a snowflake eel about a month ago and although it doesn't have the whitish bands on his body, it still possesses the yellow/white spots. The eel is about 12 inches in length and is about ¾" in diameter. The eel last week went through a process of doubling its girth from behind the gills to the rectum area......I thought it was mal-nutritioned and tried to feed it, but to no avail with both ghost shrimp, raw shrimp and squid tentacles. Anyways after about a week of sitting in recluse in a sunken ship in the tank, I finally found little 1/8" size translucent eggs floating around the aquarium water and they each possessed a 1/32" white dot in them.
<These are not from this fish>
They eventually settled to the bottom of the tank and after another day of hiding in the ship only poking his head out. The eel then came out last night and swam like it normally did and is back to the original size before the incident. Not sure if the eel laid eggs to be fertilized. Want to know if anyone has information on this. Should I get rid of the "eggs" or just let them be.......
<I would likely siphon them out. Too likely to rot/decompose, mal-affect your water quality>
the ghost shrimp seems to be eating a few of them. I also found a hard white ¼" like rock with some green mucous on it.....looks maybe like the plug that held the eggs inside the eel. Will try and feed it tonight to see if the appetite is back.
<Have seen small Morays "swell" as you state... sometimes recover as yours did, other times perish. Bob Fenner>

Saltwater questions: Epaulette and Snowflake Eel   2/23/06
Hi Bob,
<Joseph>
I have a few questions to clarify some issues which I have not been able to find an answer to on your website.
Firstly, the article on Zebra Moray Eels suggests a simple freshwater dip for new arrivals, instead of the usual 2-3 weeks quarantine. Can this
general rule-of-thumb be applied to Snowflake Eels given their close relation with each-other?
<Mmm, I wouldn't actually dip either one of these. Muraenids in general don't have difficulties that freshwater dips/baths help with... are generally "too slimy" to have external complaints coming from the wild... I would quarantine unless the specimen/s appeared in perfect health>
Secondly, I am considering buying a juvenile Epaulette Shark for my 850 Litre, 8' tank. I was hoping you might shed some light on what quarantine procedure I should use.
<Mmm, most sharks I'd skip actual quarantine on in hobbyist settings (different from much larger commercial, public settings)... as the likely damage from such is probably much more than it's worth>
I have a 40 litre (10g) quarantine tank however I feel that the stress caused from placing the shark in such a confined tank may outweigh the benefits gained from quarantining.
<Agreed>
From what I have learned, keeping stress to a minimum may (arguably) be the single most important factor in a successful introduction of livestock.
<Most cases, yes>
  Am I on the right track??? Perhaps a simple freshwater dip is enough?
<I would skip dipping most sharks, most scenarios as well>
And how should I handle the shark when placing it into the tank? Should I use a large net, or gently lift with gloved hands?
<Yes... this and/or a wet-towel>
Thirdly, in regards to my quarantine tank, is it reasonable to expect to be doing small (10%) water changes (with main system water) every few days to
manage the water quality (i.e. ammonia/nitrites/nitrates)?
<Often, yes... daily...>
I understand that small tanks are almost guaranteed to be highly susceptible to a large variation in water chemistry in a short period of time?
<Unfortunately, yes.... To be guarded against>
Finally (thanks for putting up with so many questions), when carrying out freshwater dips I use a product called Bactonex from Aquasonic and each mL
of this solution contains 1.66mg Aminacrine Hydrochloride and 0.025mg of Methylene Blue.. In your opinion, is this a suitable dip?
<Is more helpful than none>
Thank you immensely for taking the time to answer..
Joe
(Sydney, Australia)
<And you for writing, and so well. Cheers, Bob Fenner>

Re: Snowflake eel ... disease? - 01/09/2006
Pretty unbelievable, huh? I think I might have a parasite, how would I know? I haven't noticed scratching, but the fish one at a time seem to get sick. Today my lion fish died, and my tang looks like it's hallucinating, or psychotic episodes or something. How do I know, and what do I do? <Monica, the first thing you need to do is educate yourself on parasitic diseases/symptoms. Am posting a link here for you to read.  http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ichartmar.htm  Monica, I see the original message below without my responses.  You need to reply with all original content as I cannot remember who's who and what's what.  We do not keep files with queries, they are deleted after they are posted on the WWM FAQ's. I have made comments again on the query below.>
http://mail.yahoo.com Re: Snowflake eel
Hi James,
  Thanks for replying so quickly. I don't smell it, and I have looked everywhere. How far could he get? The tank size is 175 gallons. <Don't know what to tell you Monica.  A fish this size generally doesn't go unnoticed.  James (Salty Dog)
FAQ Crew <crew@mail.wetwebmedia.com> wrote:
  Snowflake eel
HI,
I have a few questions. First, I got a snowflake eel 4 days ago, and he has vanished. He is not in any of the rocks, filters, gravel, tubing, or on the floor around it. Literally, it vanished. I've read that they jump, but how far could it go? I have checked the entire room. Do they bury themselves? Doing a water change, I took out all the rocks and siphoned the gravel, but I can't find him. Any suggestions? Unfortunately, I think it will be too late, but I would like to know. Also, I have my water tested often, regularly, my ph is between 7.8 and 8.2, my salinity is 2.2-2.4. I have gotten very good at maintaining these numbers, but for some reason, my fish keep dying. One at a time, they start to appear sick, then die. They first are sluggish, then stop eating, then they disappear, and a day or two later, I find them dead. What could be happening? Is this normal? <Water quality, diet, overcrowding> I have lost a copperband butterfly fish,<You sound relatively new at this and the Copperband is definitely not a fish for a newcomer.  DO research fish/inverts before you buy so you know what you are getting into.  Are you aware that the puffers attain lengths of up to 1'6" and they are semi aggressive, enjoy nipping fins of tankmates.  The panther grouper is another fish attaining lengths of up to 1'8", and both of these fish require a 90-100 gallon tank minimum.> 3 porcupine puffers, a bi-color angel, a panther grouper,<The grouper is capable of eating fish much larger than you would think.  A poor choice.>  a blue tang <Another difficult fish to keep for a newcomer.> tomato
clownfish and a black and white snapper <Another poor choice.  The Macolor niger (black snapper grows fast and can attain a length of up to 2' and requires at least a 180 gallon tank. I'm finding it hard to believe your dealer is actually selling you these fish. It has gotten ridiculously expensive to just replace the dead fish. Any suggestions? <Yes, you need to buy fish that are hardy and do not have special food requirements.  There are plenty of colorful hardy fish that can make an attractive display.> The only thing living well are damsels, a yellow tang, a coral beauty, and a bi-color Pseudochromis. I have a dwarf lion fish and another porcupine puffer in there also that appear to be doing well, but are only a few weeks old. I am so frustrated,<Monica, you are your worst enemy, you are frustrating yourself by not knowing what you are buying.> I am about to give up, maybe you can help. Any suggestions? <Since you didn't reply with the original query I don't recall what size tank you have but I'm guessing your tank has exceeded it's carrying capacity by far.  Do read the articles on the WWM, you will learn much here, and do purchase a reference book such as Conscientious Marine Aquarist.>
Thanks for your time, <You're welcome and do reply with your tank size.  James (Salty Dog)>
Monica Atkinson

Snowflake out of water
Hello Mr. Fenner,
<Elizabeth>
Situation #1
You've always been so wonderful with information in the past and I'm hoping that you can sate my curiosity once again.  
We have a snowflake eel in a small predator tank (75 gallon).  We've had him since he was the size of a pencil and now he is 14" and has quite a "sturdy" built.
<Like me!>
He's always been a voracious eater and be it shrimp, squid or octopus he always gets the lion's share at every feeding (his tankmates are a two and a half inch Niger and a 3" stars and stripes puffer).  When I fed them this morning, the eel was nowhere to be seen.  When I later (2 hours) mentioned this to my hubby he went to investigate and Mr. Magoo the eel was curled up on the carpet behind the tank, crispy and dried out!  First instinct had us put him back in the tank and he immediately began to move and hid after about a minute of reorienting himself.  We've really searched and there are no holes that could accommodate escape so he must have managed to push up the small sliding glass where I feed them.
<Can do so>
We have since braced it with electrical tape to ensure that it doesn't happen again.  
Whew, now to my questions, firstly, how long can they survive out of water?
<Depending on temperature, humidity, initial health... hours...>
To be as "crispy" as he was it must have been a minimum two hours from the time I fed and noticed him not there until we found him behind the tank.  Should I remove him and put him in our QT?
<Mmm, not at this point>
Should we have done something else like rinsing him etc. before putting him back in the tank?
<Yes... best to dip out some system water, soak, get off "dust-bunnies", then place in main or other system>
We just went on instinct to return him as quickly as possible and frankly we were shocked that he wasn't dead and actually swam immediately on hitting the water.  Hopefully it will never happen again but I'd like to know the proper protocol as a just in case.  Thanks for any advice you can offer!
Situation #2
Our 250 gallon tank features an Emperor Angel that we've had since he was a one inch juvie.  He is now almost six inches and in full adult coloration.  (he's more like a puppy than a fish and I know I probably shouldn't get attached but with his personality I can't help myself.)  We recently had a 1000' gallon display tank built in to our family room to accommodate our batfish
<Neat!>
and the tank is now almost five months cycled and the bat and his mates are doing well with all parameters good and basically the same as the 250 gallon tank.  I want to move the angel in but don't know if I should do a full quarantine on him as if he was a new fish before putting him in the big tank or if I should just QT for two weeks or so making sure that all looks good before moving him in.  
<I would simply net the angel, place in a bucket and drip-acclimate it to the new system's water and place>
Also, Randy the E. Angel and our biggest cleaner shrimp (a sucker that is almost 4"s and has been in the tank for as long as the angel) spend much time together with the shrimp "riding" on the angel doing it's work, should we move this shrimp with the angel or just let the smaller cleaners in the big tank take over?
<I would move them together... carefully matching specific gravity in both systems...>
I want to make this transition as easy on the angel as possible.  Thanks again for any advice that you can offer.
Best regards at this holiday season to you and all at WWM!
Elizabeth Turner
<And to you and yours. Bob Fenner>
 

Sick Eel, No - Injured & Hunger Strike = Typical Behavior Hi Crew, <Steve> I have a rather large (I would guess about 3 feet long) Snowflake Eel whom I have had for several years. <Neat animals> A little over a month ago he stopped eating and pretty much went into hiding. <Happens> At first I wasn't too concerned because he has done this before and always pulled out of it. But this is the longest it has gone on and today he finally came out of hiding and I saw something disturbing on him. His right gill isn't opening, so he's only breathing on one side. (I don't think I would have much of an appetite if I had a collapsed lung either.) <No lungs, and likely not a problem> Furthermore, that whole side of his body seems to be deteriorated, I attached a picture. <Nice pic. Looks like a "simple" mechanical injury to me... a gouge if you will...> After reading the FAQs I'm afraid it may be from me not feeding him a properly balanced diet. I regularly fed him raw shrimp (human edible grade shrimp) and occasionally krill.. but I didn't do that too often because it's very messy and the shrimp is nice and clean.  I don't think he's ready to kick the bucket yet because he still keeps his head up (i.e. he doesn't just lay on the rocks waiting to die) and he has started moving around more, but I don't know what to do about him not eating. Once a week or so, I've been waving some shrimp in his face (with tongs of course) with no success. Is there anything that can be done for him?  <Mmm, really... just patience at this point... an Echidna nebulosa of this size can go w/o feeding for months (really), and yours looks to be in good shape otherwise...> I've been considering getting some live ghost shrimp to see if that will entice him to eat, but I'm afraid my clown fish will just pick at the shrimp and make me watch them suffer. <I'd try the shrimp... and adding vitamins to the water, food> If I can get him eating again, can you suggest some other foods that are relatively clean (like shrimp) that would give him some variety in his diet? Thank you.  Steve Weatherly <Most any live to fresh, frozen/defrosted crustaceans are worth trying. Bob Fenner>

Eel health concern
Hi bob!
    As you may remember I've got a snowflake eel. I've got a couple of health
questions about him. A couple days ago I noticed he had a rather large lump
on his side. Today I noticed he has two now in close proximity to each
other. There's no discoloration or anything. I know snakes get a lump where
their food is...does the same hold true for eels? I've been feeding him
whole frozen silversides. Also his breathing pattern seems to get kind of
fast frequently I was wondering if you could give me an idea about how many
inhales per minute to look for. (he's a little over a foot I would guess).
One final question...I bought him some frozen mussel, its looks like it
might be a compilation of some different kinds mushed together and he REALLY
doesn't like them...Is it safe to feed him canned clams that are for human
consumption? (just seems like he might like whole clams better) Anyway, I
appreciate the info. Thank you once again.
Steve
>>
Thank you for writing (back). The lumps are a little troublesome. No, eels don't really show "bulges" after big meals (except in the tummy area sometimes). These are hopefully transient. At any length there is not much (nothing I would) to do re the appearance... On the clam issue, yes, I'd leave off with any food your fishes are not accepting, and, yes, human intended foods can be offered. But, let me be clear here. This genus (Echidna) and one of other fave morays (Gymnomuraena) are not piscivorous (fish eaters) as you know, and have pebbly type teeth that are not capable of tearing their food.... So, we, must offer foods in swallow-size chunks. Therefore, please cut bits of the clam, shrimp, etc. up that can be taken in one gulp!
I give your eel good chances of self-healing from the bumps...
Bob Fenner

Snowflake Morays
Bob,
My questions are about Echidna nebulosa. What is the lifespan for
these amazing creatures in the wild and captivity? 
<Several years possibly in both... the record in captivity is about fifteen years>
Also , is crushed coral a
suitable substrate for them? Great website!
<Yes... and have you seen the piece on this species I've recently added? Here: http://wetwebmedia.com/snowflakemoray.htm
Bob Fenner>
Thanks,
Joe

Moray Eel
Hi Bob,
I have written earlier about a problem I had with massive fish loss. Well, I lost all of them with the exception of my Snowflake Moray. I am now starting over and moved my eel to a quarantine tank. About 7am this morning I checked on the eel and it escaped. I looked all over before leaving for work and was unable to find it. So I left it for dead and will tear apart my basement later. Well, I returned around 11:30am to begin my search and found the eel beneath my freezer ALIVE. Have you ever heard of an eel surviving out of water for 4+ hours?
<Yes... depending on temperature, humidity... for a day or more.>
This seems pretty amazing.
Ed
<Keep any holes in the top covered! Bob Fenner>

Re: Moray Eel
Hi Bob,
Since I placed him back in the tank after being out for 4+ Hours the Eel
hasn't been eating. Is it to late? 
<No my friend. Not too late... offer food two days from now>
How long can the eel last without eating?
<Many days to weeks>
Is there a technique that you know of to get it to eat? Any ideas would be
helpful - I'd hate to loose him.
Thanks,
Ed
<Don't lose yourself... Bob Fenner>

Snowflake eel
<<Hello, JasonC here helping out during the holidays.>>
My husband got me a beautiful 11 inch eel for Christmas and I thought I
had a proper lid for him but now I realize that I probably don't. The
lid is all glass and pretty heavy and covers all except where the filter
goes but somehow last night he jumped out. <<this is a common eel talent.>> He was in front of the tank on the floor so do you think he was strong enough to lift the cover? <<likely, yes.>> I read your link on eels when I got him the day before yesterday and remembered that you said if this happens not to give up immediately and to rinse him and put him back in there but I don't know how long I should leave him. I don't want to dispose of him if there is any chance of him reviving but looking at him I have my doubts. <<is he swimming about, taking food?>> When I found him he was kind stiff and not moving and filmy looking. <<oh my...>> I don't know how long he was out on the tile but he was kind of stuck to the floor with some slime although he wasn't totally dry. <<hmm... the slime was likely the eel's mucus coating, beginning to dry out.>> How long should I leave him in there and if by some miracle he does revive do you know if the pet shops sell some kind of filter cover? <<I'd leave him in until all hope is lost - these are pretty tough customers and with some luck the eel will rally. Most likely quite shaken/stressed from being aired-out. As for the tank cover, perhaps [unless you have one in the house] you might reciprocate the eel gift with a Dremel gift for your husband. This way you can modify the plastic strips that can be attached to the back of a glass cover so that it has a tight fit. Then... put some rocks on the cover or something of similar weight.>> I am so sad for him. <<me too, but there is good reason to be hopeful. You need to think like an eel and then try to secure the top as much as possible - which sometimes is still not enough it seems. Eels are the Houdinis of the fish world, with the exception of the octopus, and as such you need to take action if you want to keep it for any period of time. Good luck, cheers. J -- >>

Re: Snowflake eel
No, he isn't swimming or even moving for that matter and he is starting
to peel now. I guess he was just out too long.
<Don't give up on this fish... I have seen almost "dried up" jumped-out specimens make remarkable recoveries/resurrections. Do keep your aeration high and testing ammonia, nitrite... Bob Fenner>

Re: Snowflake eel
He didn't make it. The LPS has one the size and thickness of a pencil,
seems healthy and is eating, Do you think he is too small?
<Please read here: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/snowflakemoray.htm
Bob Fenner>

Snowflake eel
Bob,
<Anthony in your service>
I have an eel that is approximately 18" long. I don't know how old he is.
<that makes two of us <smile>>
His neck has slowly been getting larger and he has slowed way back on food intake. The swelling began on his right side but now seems to be on both sides. He is visibly larger about 1 1/2" below his head.
He looks like he really wants to eat but seems reluctant to do so. I have been able to get him to eat very small pieces of food but after swallowing one piece, he won't eat again. Is there anything that I can do? Thanks, Art Riggens
<Art, I have had this question a great many times and would be surprised to be mistaken here. My guess is that you have allowed yourself to get into a routine of feeding this eel a single food or limited group of foods (like silversides or freshwater feeder fish). If so, you eel, like many before him, is dying of a secondary condition mitigated by a dietary deficiency from the limited diet. If that is the case, I'm afraid that the eel is in dire straights. Unfortunately, if you tell me that it has been eating 8 different foods, I would be puzzled and still unable to help. A drastic change or improvement in the diet with Selcon soaked food might help incidentally, but it still sounds like a more serious problem. I will file this message in Bob's mailbox to see if he can share any insight or another perceptive. He is away traveling at present but will be checking his mail. Best regards, my friend. Anthony Calfo>

Re: Concerned eel owner, eel worsens! Please HELP
I'm beginning to become embarrassed by this never ending thread of questions...I will try to make this the last one. 
<no worries!>
A brief refresher, I've got a foot long snowflake which I felt was breathing hard. At your advice, I checked salinity as well as aeration and both turned up within healthy parameters. I'd dismissed my earlier concern as simple anxiety over a new acquisition when my eel to a turn for the worse. His breathing has increased, he hasn't shown the slightest interest in food since I've had him (over a week), he lies head down in bare view, and generally seems on the verge of death. Consequently, I am in a state of panic mixed with despair. 
<could there be any metals present in the water? Recent medication or copper? Have you done a large water change to see if that relieves him (if not it tends to rule out water quality and leans towards pathogen or health condition)?>
I can't figure out what is wrong. Could it be disease? 
<possible>
He does seem to have a white stringy substance around the mouth but it may just be something from off of the live rock. Is there anything I can do? Is there a special food that might be particularly enticing?
<the tentacles of squid (Calamari whole)>
I've tried shrimp, krill, squid and even live feeders. 
<unless small ghost shrimp or live crayfish... resist freshwater feederfish... deficient>
Should I try to give him a freshwater bath or would that only hasten his demise? 
<unlikely helpful here>
My quarantine tank is still cycling. 
<the QT does not need to cycle necessarily, my friend. Use aged water and aged filter media (live rock, filter floss, etc) from the display tank and do daily water changes until the chemistry levels (if it even wants to spike at all). Later keep a sponge filter running in the main display at all times to be prepared (and spare the need for a full time QT bio resident like a damsel>
Again sorry to continue question you so much concerning my eel. I'm new to the hobby and so have a very strong emotional investment in the creature. Your help and expediency are greatly appreciated. 
<alas... we have no specific symptoms to act upon. If you are willing to do small daily water changes for 7-14 days if necessary, the QT may be better off for him. Else... continue to do large water changes in the main display and look for a solid symptom. I regret that I cannot be more helpful but without sight or symptoms... I'm at a loss. Kindly, Anthony>

Snowflake eel not eating
I have a snowflake eel in a 75 gal. tank, with two damsels.  The ph is 8.6, 0 nitrate, 0 nitrite, 0 ammonia.  I have had the eel for just shy of a year.  He has been eating regularly until recently he is not eating as frequently.  He used to eat daily to every other day.  Now he eats maybe once a week, and only one shrimp.   More recently he has started to look like a balloon is forming on his head.
<?>
There is no other sign of illness other that the head looking like he is a bottle nose.  He isn’t actually less active as he was never a big party guy in the first place.  I am afraid I am going to lose him.  I am sure you are very busy, but Nessie really needs your advice.  Please email me with any help  you can.  Thank you sooo much.  
Brightest Blessings
Julie
<Your pH is a little high, but this should not be the root cause. I encourage you to try other species of shrimp (perhaps frozen, defrosted krill) and to add a vitamin and HUFA supplement to this (perhaps Selcon) ahead of offering. Snowflakes do occasionally go on feeding strikes, even lose weight, but almost always return to feeding. Bob Fenner>

Snowflake moray
Thank you very much for writing me back.  Yesterday morning Nessie
passed on.
  I can not for the life of me figure out what I did wrong.  I
had tried different foods for him, but he would only eat dried shrimp.
<Sorry to hear of your loss>
I have a lot of "rock" anemones (don't know how to spell it).  At least
that is what I am told they are.  They are a brownish color and look
like the trees in a Dr. Seuss book.  I have lots of them and some of
them have a base the size of a quarter.  Is it possible that the
anemones stung Nessie, causing his head to swell, and possibly causing
his death?
<Unfortunately yes. Please see here re these Glass Anemones/Aiptasia: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/marine/inverts/cnidaria/anthozoa/aiptasia/aiptasia.htm>
  This was my husbands suggestion.  I guess at this point it
is not important.  I do not think I will subject another eel to my
ignorance.   
Again thank you for getting back to me.
Brightest Blessings
Julie
<Peace to you. Bob Fenner>

A Snowed Out Snowflake??  3/19/03
Hi Guys,<Hey David!  Phil with ya today!>
I read the FAQ's and other info on the snowflake on your site,  I've had
my eel for a couple years, bought it at about 8 inches and now it is 20+
inches.  It was a dark brown with the normal yellow highlights and white
"snowflakes" but now it has turned mostly white (with-in a couple days).
I feed it randomly shrimp/silversides/squid twice a week soaked in
Zoecon, the tank is a 180 reef with a huge skimmer all water parameters
are normal.  Is this color change normal, or is it sick? (it also didn't
eat this week, but it is well fed so I'm not worried too much).<After talking w/ Ananda we came up with some questions for you... lol.  Can you tell us your exact water parameters?  How is the eel turning white... is it getting pale or is it turning white like it has dandruff?>
Thanks for any info,<Get back w/ me and we can kick this problem!  Phil>
David

Learning From Tragedy
Today is a sad day. Neb, our snowflake eel turned stark white, and it looked as though the other fish were starting to bite him.
<Sorry to hear that!> We've had Neb for about 8 months, he was a juvenile that doubled in size during the time we had him in our 90-gallon tank. Our other fish (1 clown, 1 niger trigger, 1 dog-faced puffer) seem fine. We noticed that the niger trigger was starting to go into Neb's plastic tube that's buried in the sand. Could the trigger have stressed Neb out?
<Quite possible. Despite the predatory reputation of Snowflake Eels, they are generally somewhat shy and reclusive in their habits, and will simply not compete with more aggressive fishes like triggers and puffers>
We are also wondering if the diet was okay, we were feeding Neb shrimp soaked in vitamins on a skewer.
<Well, that's not a bad component of his diet. However, all animals should receive a varied diet, consisting of other foods, like krill, chopped squid, clams, etc...Variety is important. Good though on the vitamin supplementation, though>
Really sad to lose that beautiful creature. Any insight you
might have would be appreciated. Thank you, Connie
<Hang in there, Connie. I'm sorry to hear about your loss, but I know that you've learned something, so that's why this tragedy will not have been in vain. Don't let it dissuade you from growing and learning in the hobby. Good luck! Regards, Scott F>

I Don't Get It!!!
How's it going?? great I hope
>Pretty well, thank you.
ok to the point seasoned tank keeper, and this is the first time I've ever asked for help on line I either find the answers or figure it out.  
>Ok, I'll do my best.
this is really getting to me, my snowflake 2nd I've owned in 5 years did what I read on your site the heavy breathing, just prior to that his size seemed to increase quite a bit he looked as if he bulked up, which I felt good about, stopped eating though, thought he had gorged himself last feeding was a great eater (but had to hand feed) which wasn't a problem diet was consisting of blanched squid, octopus, shrimp, etc..
>Curious as to why you blanche it.  Unfortunately, I'm having a bit of trouble picking through the information you've provided here.  I've never, ever fed my marine fish cooked foods.
then just to spice it up like we are supposed to I gave him and puffer and trigger heck every one would jump in on the feast
small frozen then defrosted no heads or tails, gutted and de-boned Smelt (common  small fish) which was inhaled...
>They take them whole in the wild, I would give them whole in the tank, too, but would also have on hand enough water for a 30%-40% change next day (for the subsequent poop-a-thon).
My water is crisp aeration fine lights pumps filters heater are dialed in all levels of water testing are on the money..
>This tells me nothing.
my other fish are all fine my feather dusters, polyps and whoever else may be present are all doing fine as usual  SO WHAT THE HECK KEEPS HAPPENING THIS IS THE 2nd ONE AND THE 2nd TIME, the breathing problem the no eating, then the changing to white and finally convulsions ending with the big bowl.  HELP ME PLEASE TELL ME SOMETHING OR THINGS maybe other than water quality, or parasites and attacked by anemone.
>I'm sorry, but if I'm not allowed to suggest those things then there's not much else I can do for you.  
its something else and its something very specific and I want to know what it is.. I wont be able to rest easy until its figured out and I learn what and about it.. Thank you I hope you'll Be able to put my mind at ease for a moment.  DEANO
>Unfortunately, without more information (including the *very* pertinent information of water quality parameters), feeding schedules, length of residence, time in quarantine, and the actual names of the other residents, I can't offer much of an educated guess.  From the little you have provided, I can't help but wonder what, if any, effect feeding cooked foods to the animal might have.  If this is the second eel you've had leave this earth this way, then I would look to husbandry practices, as I've known these fish to be exceedingly hardy and difficult to kill.  I would assume that if you have other invertebrates doing well in the system that they would be your "canaries in a coalmine", which of course would tend to rule out water quality, but I don't believe in automatically ruling everything out.  At this time it *appears* to be one of two things (this is off the top of my head--sorting fish disease, assuming it's disease, is quite a tricky business) infection, or poisoning.  My advice is to get him into his own quarantine system ASAP, and I don't think that starting him on a regimen of Spectrogram would hurt at this point.  I'm sorry I can't offer more help.  Marina

- Re: I Don't Get It!!! - Ignorance... a/the high price to individuals, society. RMF
<Greetings, JasonC here...>
Ok details huh!!! <They are helpful, paints a more detailed picture...>
You know it would be cool even to throw some possible reasons my way... <What would you like me to say? Solar Flares?> Just so we are current in our chat the eel died yesterday morning. <I'm sorry to hear of your loss.>
Also 2 eels in a 5-6 year time frame isn't too shabby, <It's not excellent either... these fish live much longer in the wild, and even in captivity - as Marina mentioned before, the devil is in the details - two eels in five years is not great odds.> the first ended up like this recent one because of fish Gang Warfare ha ha ha. <That is funny why?>
And by the way maybe you have "a canary program working for you" myself well,,, Id shove a human in for my dirty work and wouldn't think once about it.. <Pardon? You do understand the "canary in a coalmine" comment was directed at other inhabitants of your tank, which would under normal circumstances bail out long before your eels - without such an indicator, one needs to look for the problem elsewhere.>
Lets put it this way, if someone asked me about you and that you were covered in spots, pale and had a mild fever,, not being a doctor, id say maybe chicken pox, maybe measles, maybe even German measles, even though I haven't seen you or even knew what you looked like. <But you could be 100% wrong making assumptions like that - I could just be wearing makeup or have a high metabolism, or both.> I was offering some answers to question using general knowledge!! <And perhaps too general.> Now you seem to have to hear and see also deal with tons of stuff in the fishy business.. so just by the symptoms, it sounds like? <It sounds like a problem.>
or maybe its? but then it could be???? you hear me????? <I hear you, do you hear you?>
I already told you tank and water are crisp which means there fine....... <And that means nothing to me either - the demise of your eels tells a different story. It is too easy to quickly say "The water is perfect." when in fact, it might not be.>
I cant see what giving you good readings will accomplish except ruling out water quality which I already said is GOOD. <Good to you and good to me could be two different things - it pays to compare. In addition, there may be something about your husbandry practices which is amiss... >
So ill humor you with it anyways.
100 gl tank
83lbs live rock Marshall and Tonga
2 -1 inch live sand front to 2/3 back of tank thick to thin
Dual overflow boxes to sump trickle more rock trickle Lego trickle foam through a polisher then to another sump and this lil giant pushes it back into tank by way of triple split flex joint flow connectors 1 upish 1 downish 1 sidish
a Jager Meister heater in 2nd sump keeps us fuzzy feeling about 74 -78
Nautilus protein skimmer in 1st sump works just fine
4 bulbs 2 really bright  white compacted 1 purple kind a blue (makes your clothes look funny)
and then 1 sun light pinkish orange color  48 inch reg V-HO HO HO
timer says you and you come on then in 2 hrs you come on then 2 more hours and then you come on we all stay on for 6 more hours then I go off then 2 hours later 2 more  go off  then 1 hour later purple done till the morning
5 years old  almost eligible for social security benefits
residents are as such 1 ylw tang 1 pwd blue
1 Porc puf 1 mar clown 1nigger trigger 1 big jaw blenny 1 juv emper 1 purple
psycho- crom and I used to have a 2 yr old snow flake
2 dusters lrge hula hula  1 small carpet anem green polyps purple polyp
pink polyps  and lotsa lotsa coralline
I feed once a day and that's the way it works best for us and for 5 years so far
20 gal changes 1 every 2 weeks every other day top offs pure clean cosmostized water
Kalk who once a month dripped in 1 per 1-2min ratio speeded up at night with lights out.
So now these are the results I get from all that stuff: Grav 1.021-1.023
PH8.25   ALK 3.5   AMM 0   Nitri 0  Nitrat15/20 mg/l (ion)
PHOS .05   CAL 425   IRON.12  Dissolved OX 7.0  Carbon Diox  2.3   blood
type  A.O.K
I bet any eel would be stoked to kick it at a pad like this, like I said my water and tank are "CRISP"
Now please can you offer some specific illnesses <Specific? No, I can't. As Marina suggested, you should at least start by not cooking the food any more - these are eaten raw in the wild, and will do your captive charges much more good if fed this way - could be you've got a nutrient deficiency because of the blanching. Could also be that your system is on the edge of being full - something that cannot be tested for is the bioload, and it could very well be that as crisp as you think the water is, with the addition of another large messy eater, that the actual 'quality' of the water is stale, and not as 'crisp' as a handful of tests would indicate. While I'm on the crowding issue, you may have had social issues which while not completely apparent might have been working against your eel this whole time. Likewise, you may have just obtained compromised livestock which went for as long as it was going to go. It's difficult to be more specific than that without a post-mortem examination under a microscope.>
THANK YOU
DEANO
<Cheers, J -- >

Snowflake Eel Lifespan
Bob,
I was wondering what you have learned to be the average lifespan of a
snowflake eel in captivity?  I have had mine for over 10 years and it was
close to full grown when it was given to me.  It appears that he/she is
dying and I was hoping to determine what their age is.
Thanks,
Keith
<Do know they do live into their "teens"... but no definitive record for oldest. Sometimes public aquariums post such data. You might want to look at the Waikiki Aquarium site. Bob Fenner>

Snowflake eel is sick Help Please
Ok My eel is know swimming allover my tank and he hasn't stop for about 3 days and he goes pale for long period of time and then he goes back to normal color I don't know what I need to do can you please help me I don't what to lose him.  <Sorry for the delayed reply.  I would first check your water as I am guessing something is amiss in this area.  Cody>
Thank you
Jodie

Our snowflake eel and copper treatment
09/10/03
<Hi Cheryl>
"Flakey" (how original) our snowflake moray jumped out of the tank the other day and flopped around for awhile (2-3 minutes) until he went limp.  I plucked up the courage to throw him back into the tank.  I'm afraid the experience may have injured him as he hasn't eaten since (3 days ago).  Or could it be that I began a copper treatment for our lion fish (who has a parasite) the same day that Flakey jumped out and he's affected by that instead?  He's not his usual perky, swim around the tank self.  Just wants to stay in one spot and refuses his favorite food....shrimp.
Any advice gladly taken,
Cheryl Cooper
<From the page on snowflakes, "I have had go-arounds with other pet-fish writers, culturists, public aquarium staff re "remedies" involving muraenids. They are sensitive than most fish species to these treatments. Copper and malachite IF utilized MUST not be overdosed NOR treatment periods extended for these species. I know this from hard-won first hand experience, re-collecting Morays killed by "No COPPER" treated tanks in San Diego, and readings of other to-be-trusted writers experiences. "
Go here to read the rest. Unfortunately, copper is pernicious in aquariums, permeating and contaminating the rock work and sand.
Here's more on copper: www.wetwebmedia.com/copperus.htm , I suggest you go and read up on these two subjects. At the least, he should be in a QT till you finish the treatment, you may also want to look at using PolyFilter when you're done the copper treatment, it will help remove it from your system. Good luck, PF>

- Sick Snowflake -
Can someone please help me? <I can try.> I have a snowflake eel that is dieing.  He is about 5 weeks old and was doing fine 2 days ago, but last night I found him just lying on the bottom of the tank.  It looked like he might have gotten his head stuck under a rock but I don't think so because when I pulled him out there wasn't any resistance.  He tried to swim but all he did was slide across the bottom of the tank upside down.  It looked like the front half of him was rigid (unable to move) while the back half of him was able to move.  Now this morning all he does is lay there gasping for air.  Someone please help.  I have since changed 20% water and noticed my pH a little low so I added some buffer to help raise it and added an air stone to my filter to try adding more oxygen. He has also only been feed frozen shrimp since I have had him. PLEASE any help would be greatly appreciated. <My friend, it sounds to me like you've done everything that can be done at this point. Sometimes it just happens that we [meaning it's happened to me too] get compromised livestock that appears relatively healthy but quickly deteriorates in our care. I'm not sure I can do much beyond offer my sincere hope that this eel pulls through - time will tell.>
Thanks, Mark
Tank-30gal long
Ammonia-.25
Nitrite-0
Nitrate-15
Salinty-1.025
Ph-8.2
Dkh-11
Calcium-400
<Cheers, J -- >

Snowflake Moray age, nostrils 
Hi. I have a 30" echidna nebulosa (Snowflake Moray) that I've owned for 9 years. He was 18" when I got him. How old do you guess he is? 
<Perhaps a dozen years> 
He had come in a group of three good-sized Snowflakes from a wholesaler when I purchased him, so I assume he had been in the wild just previously. He still has great coloration so I don't think he is elderly, as fading colors are often a good indicator of that. My second question is a tough one. This species has short yellow nostrils that protrude approx. 1/8". I have been out on business trips a lot this past year and hadn't realized until recently that my Snowflake's nostrils have changed. The left one protrudes a lot less than before, it is practically a nub. The right one has lost virtually all yellow coloration and is sealed up. Directly behind it now is a horizontal razor-thin groove about 1/4" long that looks open. Do you know if this is a natural transformation as these animals get older? 
<Sounds like a "bump in the night" sort of injury. Likely not problematical> 
The moray's behavior remains normal. I think it is either a natural occurrence or the result of scraps with his tankmates during feeding time. He has two long-time roommates, a 7" clown trigger and a 10" golden puffer, but I've never noticed him wounded. And outside of the fish chasing after the same food items, I've never seen any aggressive biting. Any thoughts? 
<Maybe a nip... maybe a scrape. Altogether not a big worry. Bob Fenner>

Snowflake Moray age, nostrils? 4/1/04 
Hi. I have a 30" echidna nebulosa (Snowflake Moray) that I've owned for 9 years. He was 18" when I got him. How old do you guess he is? 
<tough to say... could be as young as 12-14 yrs old (some grow fast in the wild and in aquaria). But it could easily be much older as 18" is approaching full size for many> 
He had come in a group of three good-sized Snowflakes from a wholesaler when I purchased him, so I assume he had been in the wild just previously. He still has great coloration so I don't think he is elderly, as fading colors are often a good indicator of that. My second question is a tough one. This species has short yellow nostrils that protrude approx. 1/8". I have been out on business trips a lot this past year and hadn't realized until recently that my Snowflake's nostrils have changed. The left one protrudes a lot less than before, it is practically a nub. 
<happens with some eels from rubbing (literally) in the confines of aquaria. Is this a small or crowded tank?> 
The right one has lost virtually all yellow coloration and is sealed up. Directly behind it now is a horizontal razor-thin groove about 1/4" long that looks open. Do you know if this is a natural transformation as these animals get older? 
<not natural in so much that all will go this way> 
The moray's behavior remains normal. I think it is either a natural occurrence or the result of scraps with his tankmates during feeding time. 
<definitely the latter is contributory> 
He has two long-time roommates, a 7" clown trigger and a 10" golden puffer, but I've never noticed him wounded. 
<yikes... with the size of those roommates... I do hope this is a very large display (8 feet long... 400 gallons +). Else the tank is undersized IMO> 
And outside of the fish chasing after the same food items, I've never seen any aggressive biting. Any thoughts? 
<indeed, if this is (sadly) a small commercial aquarium (200 gallons or less), then the symptoms are an artifact of the crowding (physical space and/or tankmates). Do consider what appropriate living space really might be if this is the case. Anthony>

Spotted Snowflake Eel
Hello, first time poster here,
I have just recently noticed that my snowflake eel has developed a white spot on the lens of each on of its eyes.  My other fish do not display any signs.  My eel has been for the last couple of months, inactive.  It does not appear to be eating and has areas of redness on its skin which appear capillary or vein-like.  His nostrils or breathing tubes are now pointed downward instead of up and out.  
<< Very good description.  Thank you.>>
He also appears to be thinning.  
<< Is he eating?  Two parts to that question, are you trying to feed him, and is he accepting the food?>>
What is going on?  Is this ich?  And, as I have read, in your other postings, is a garlic treatment warranted?  Thank-you.
<< It doesn't sound like ich, but it does sound like a water quality issue. Is this a fish only tank, or a reef tank, and how are you filtering the water? I don't think Garlic would hurt, but I'm not sure how much it will help.  With eels I don't recommend medications or freshwater dips or things like that.  I do think that feeding him is the important first step, so if you have to use a pair of tongs to hold the food right in front of his face, then do that.>>
Jonathon Jones
<< Adam>>

Re: White spot only on each eye of my snowflake eel
Tried feeding him, but he just wouldn't take it.  Used a feeding stick too.  Next I plan to go buy small live shrimp to see if he'll take that. << Live food is a great idea for fish that are not otherwise eating.  It really induces a feeding mechanism in them.>> It is only a 85 gallon 2 stage tank.  I have taken steps to improve the water quality, and it appears better.  What about fungus? << Without a picture I wouldn't want to guess on that.  Either way, good water quality is the key. >> The red vein-like areas are worrying me.  They appear mainly along his ridges and tip of his tail. << I've seen this before and it was usually a sing of poor circulation.  Actually it was over circulation like the fish has too much adrenalin in them.>> He is definitely thinning.<< Do try the live shrimp first.  Also, if it is possible to easily remove the fish, then moving him to a hospital tank is always an option.>>
<< Adam Blundell >>

Snowflake Eel Questions (2/4/05)
I have a small snowflake eel, approx 9 inches.  It lives with two other tankmates in a 60gal tank with 50 lbs of not-live rock. My ammonia, nitrites and nitrates are almost non-existent (per a test kit). The pH is 8.2. Both of the other fish are fine but the eel appears to have heavy respiration most of the time. It does eat, a lot, and is active at night but during the day it hides under the sand and pokes its head out every couple of hours. The salinity is low 1.019 and I'm in the process of raising it. <Slowly target 1.024 range.> Should I be concerned with the breathing? <Probably not.> I read in a previous post that approx 60 "breaths" a minute is acceptable, this eel is slightly heavier. <Do you mean "heavy" as in  deep and forceful or "rapid" as in fast? Eels tend to have almost gulping respirations that one may thing is "heavy," but a rate of more than 60 per minute is odd.> Also is it burying itself because it is stresses or just likes the dark. <Eels are also reclusive. They hide most of the time. If it comes out and swims about in the light, it is probably hungry. This is a rather small Snowflake, still young. (Mine has grown from about a foot to two feet in 18 months.) It may just be scared like a young child would be. You did not mention what the tankmates are. Perhaps they are big or aggressive?> Any information would be greatly appreciated. <Your parameters are good. I would not worry too much about heavy (rather than rapid) breathing. If it eats well and comes out sometimes, it is probably fine. I have found that whole krill are great eel food, as are other strips/chunks of meaty seafood. I use the seafood gumbo mix from my local Albertson's. Now that he is as big as he is now, mine will take 3 or 4 3" Silversides with 3 or 4 1.5" krill for dessert every 3-4 days.> Thanks in advance, John <Hope this helps. Steve Allen.>

- Snowflake Eel Problems -
Hello,
I have had my snowflake eel for about 8 months.  About a week ago I noticed that its colour was faded and what seems to be its butt has a bubble coming out of it. 
<Huh...>
Water quality is high, tested weekly.  All other fish (clowns, tang, banded cat shark) are doing really well.  Its diet is frozen or fresh squid, octopus, and shrimp. The local fish store says that it might be laying eggs but not really sure. 
<I doubt this scenario. What is more likely that this is either a prolapsed rectum or a tumor - neither of which you can really do anything about I'm sorry to say. Your best bet at this point is to make sure it is still eating and voiding its food, and that its water quality stays tip-top.>
Thanks in advance, Mike
<Cheers, J -- > 

Malnourished Moray 8/23/05
My snowflake eel is about 3-4 years old.  He's about 18 inches long and 2 inches diameter.  He usually eats 1-2 medium frozen shrimp every other day.
<Needs a wider range of nutrification...>
  Day before yesterday he only had 3 bites (about 1/2 shrimp).  This would not concern me except that tonight he did the same and he has local swelling around and behind his left eye.  About 1/2 inch diameter and 1/4 to 1/2 inch raised.  I'm not sure if I should try to treat this.  As rapid as it has come on, I'm not sure he'll survive if it grows much faster/bigger.
R. Rodriguez
<Please read re Moray Foods...: http://www.wetwebmedia.com/morayfdgfaqs.htm
I would try soaking whatever foods this animal will still take in diluted "aquarium" iodine/ate, Selcon or equivalent... this may be a simple goiter... or other result of avitaminosis. Bob Fenner>

Re: snowflake eel  9/13/05
He died a few days later.  Water quality was good.  Any suggestions as to
what could have come on so quick?
<The swelling... may have been evidence of an internal tumor, perhaps a cumulative nutritional deficiency... Impossible to say. Bob Fenner>